First published in 1998, this volume aims to draw attention to an ongoing shift in the perception of law, which is now increasingly understood as a cultural and historical phenomenon. As other such phenomena - like music, literature, or art - it is acknowledged that it is created in a specific environment, on which it is dependent for its functioning and interpretation. The historical aspects of love in a European and Nordic context are underlined, as well as the modern understanding of love and law as incompatible and contrasting concepts. Developments within the European Union and especially the relation of the EU to so called third country nationals and immigrants demonstrate that the problematic concerning law and love is not only one of legal philosophy but also of legal and everyday reality. The claim that love has been specifically 'European' is discarded as Eurocentrist, and the need for more particular emotions and a more pragmatic approach to romantic feelings, for a 'reasonable love' is discussed from legal, feminist and philosophical perspectives.

First published in 1998, Public Procurement in the European Community has been considered as the most-important non-tariff barrier for the completion of the common market and its liberalisation reflects the attempts of law and policy makers to enhance competitiveness in the public sector and achieve uniform patterns of industrial efficiency. The opening-up of procurement stresses the fact that the Member States must embark upon a process of changing their public sector management ethos and adopt more market-orientated parameters (value for money, efficiency, improved risk management, market testing, outsourcing, private finance, savings) in the delivery of public services, alongside the principles of transparency and public accountability. The book is addressed to academics and researchers in the fields of law, public policy and government studies, legal practitioners, policy makers, government officials as well as industry executives. It provides a multi-disciplinary analysis of public procurement law and policy and assesses its impact on the European integration process. It investigates the implications of the opening-up of the European public markets on other legal and economic systems in the world and analyses the regulation of public purchasing as part of the emerging Economic Law of the European Union.

Legal Pluralism in Conflict offers a new theoretical perspective for conceptualising and analysing the relationship between ethnic minority laws and the official legal order. Examining the limits of liberal legal thought in light of a contemporary plurality of ethnic identifications and religious beliefs, Prakash Shah takes up the case for a 'legal pluralism' that views ethnic minority laws in interaction with the official British legal order. This form of legal pluralism is not, however, without conflict. This book pursues a series of case studies that critically consider why and how state laws marginalise ethnic minority legal orders. Legal Pluralism in Conflict contains discussions of the recognition of polygamous marriages, homicide, the expertise provided in immigration cases and the legal discourse of nationality. It is in this engagement with some of the most challenging issues posed by the diverse character of modern society that its author sets out an alternative course for ethnic minority legal studies. Legal Pluralism in Conflict will be invaluable to students and researchers concerned with law's relationship to and treatment of ethnic and religious diversity, as well as to those with wider interests in the limits and possibilities of political pluralism.

"Studies in Law, Politics and Society" continues the tradition of annually publishing interdisciplinary research on law with a critical focus that was begun in Research in Law and Sociology and carried forward in Research in Law, Deviance and Social Control. The new title describes an expanded focus and a broader audience of legal scholars who study: the intersection of legal thought and consciousness and the development of legal practices and institutions; and the development of legal thought and practices. The research spans a wide range of law related subjects including law and inequality, feminist jurisprudence, racial oppression and law, legal institutions and communities, and the ways law is used by political authorities or by ordinary citizens. Legal scholarship produced from an historical, comparative or ethnographic perspective is of special interest. This book series is available electronically online.

This book demonstrates that law can be newly interrogated when examined through the lens of literature. The book creates simple pathways which energise and illustrate the links between legal theory and legal science and doctrine through the wider visions of history, literature and culture. This broadening approach is integral to understanding law in the context of wider debates and media in the community. The book provides a collection of essays, with additional commentary which reflects upon very recent scholarship and debate on a range of ethico-legal topics; it also illustrates how conventional legal matters may be rendered lively and palatable, as an adjunct to approaching doctrine and cases 'cold' in the conventional textbook manner. The chapters range from examination of current thought on cohabitation and marriage laws (via Jude the Obscure), 19th century medico-legal cases relevant to current narratives of insanity in women and the nature and status of expert evidence generally; assisted suicide and autonomy (via a poem by Jon Stallworthy) to an essay on the nature of race and ethnicity (via a poem by R S Thomas), a discussion of obscenity and moral philosophy (via an essay on Crash by J G Ballard and the philosophy of Bernard Williams) and a history of ideas discussion of positivism, natural law and political crisis, war and terrorism through legal and political theory texts and a poem by Auden. The materials refer to case law where appropriate.

This books gives the reader a flavour of the main issues arising in medical law from the problems of consent to treatment, to whether euthanasia should be legalised. Both the courts and Parliament continue to be kept busy with medical law issues. The Bristol Hospital Enquiry has led to the creation of the Retained Organs Commission. The Human Rights Act 1998 continues to have an impact on patients' rights. The struggles of individuals like Diane Blood (who had children using her dead husband's sperm) and Dianne Pretty (who died of motor neurones disease) and others have had important affects in medical law. This book should be useful for undergraduate students studying medical law and medical students who need an overview of the subject. It may also be helpful for those who work in the field of medicine including NHS staff and for students following courses at the newly created NHS University.

This book re-examines the law governing the obligations of the Member States in the European Union from the perspective of the interests formulated and pursued by national governments in the EU. Member States' interests provide the source as well as the limitations of the obligations undertaken by the Member States in the Union. From the early days of European integration, they have determined how the law frames and defines EU obligations in the Treaties, in legislation and in the jurisprudence of the EU Court of Justice. The book neither challenges directly, nor undermines the current state of the law in the EU. Instead, it introduces a framework for interpreting and analysing legal developments - both legislative and jurisprudential - from an angle which brings the legal dimension of the membership of States in the European Union closer to its political reality. By choosing Member State interest to frame its analysis of the law, the book expresses a clear intention to explore further the interactions and the potential interconnectedness of the intergovernmentalism of EU decision-making and the normative supranationalism of the application and the enforcement of Member State obligations, in particular at the national level. Analysing how diversity among the Member States, which arises from different local interests, institutional frameworks and socio-economic arrangements, is assessed and sustained in EU legislation and in the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice, the book examines the impact of EU obligations on Member State territorial authority and territoriality. Providing a new perspective on Member State interests and European Law, the book closes the widening gap between the politics and law of European integration and between its political science and legal analysis. The book is essential reading for students and scholars in the field of state law, EU law and politics.

This volume fills a gap in the literature regarding questions around the interactive dynamics between law and diplomacy on international trade and investment. It brings together lawyers and political scientists from Europe and Asia in an interdisciplinary effort at tracing the respective roles of law and diplomacy in the relations of the European Union (EU) with its trade and investment partners in Asia. Focusing on trade and investment relations with Asia, the EU presents a particularly interesting case as it has been a strong proponent of a rules-based international economic order for years and a frequent user of the formal procedures established in international treaties in case of disputes. At the same time, it has kept diplomatically active to adjust dispute management and international agreements to the needs and demands of the partners involved. Furthermore, not only is this region of crucial importance due to the presence of both vigorous emerging economies, like China, India and Vietnam, and more established partners, like Japan, EU-Asia relations also present a broad set of economic disputes and recent negotiation efforts analyzed in the contributions to this volume. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of international trade/economic law, EU politics, EU external relations (law), international relations, diplomacy and more broadly to international relations and Asian studies.

Widely regarded as the most important legal theorist of the twentieth century, Hans Kelsen is best known for his formulation of the "pure theory of law"--within which the study of international law was his special field of work. The present volume, General Theory of Law and State, first published in 1945, allowed Kelsen to adjust his pure theory of law to American circumstances after World War II. It also afforded him the opportunity to present to English-speaking readers his latest ideas on the supremacy of international law. The volume is divided into two parts: the first devoted to law, the second to the state. Together these topics constitute the most systematic and comprehensive exposition of Kelsen's jurisprudence.

The volume is not only a compendium of Kelsen's lifework up to that time; it is also an extension of his theories "to embrace the problems and institutions of English and American law as well as those of the Civil Law countries." Indeed, references to Continental European law are minimal compared with examples, scattered throughout the text, taken from the U.S. Constitution and several American court cases. This is more than a concession to American readers; it signifies that Kelsen's legal theory is truly general in that it accounts for the Common Law as well as the Civil Law. A systematic treatise on jurisprudence, General Theory of Law and State is a substantial reformulation of Kelsen's ideas articulated in several of his previous books, written in German.

The juridical principles put forth by the most important legal theorist of the twentieth century remain of great value. This volume will be read by legal scholars, political scientists, and intellectual historians.

In a world of globalised media, Japanese popular culture has become a signifi cant fountainhead for images, narrative, artefacts, and identity. From Pikachu, to instantly identifi able manga memes, to the darkness of adult anime, and the hyper- consumerism of product tie- ins, Japan has bequeathed to a globalised world a rich variety of ways to imagine, communicate, and interrogate tradition and change, the self, and the technological future. Within these foci, questions of law have often not been far from the surface: the crime and justice of Astro Boy; the property and contract of Pokemon; the ecological justice of Nausicaa; Shinto's focus on order and balance; and the anxieties of origins in J- horror. This volume brings together a range of global scholars to refl ect on and critically engage with the place of law and justice in Japan's popular cultural legacy. It explores not only the global impact of this legacy, but what the images, games, narratives, and artefacts that comprise it reveal about law, humanity, justice, and authority in the twenty-first century.

Against an ever-expanding and diversifying 'rights talk', this book re-opens the question of obligation from not only legal but also ethical, sociological and political perspectives. Its premise is that obligation has a primacy ahead of rights, because rights attach to practices and modes of being that are already saturated with obligations. Obligations thus lie at the core not just of law but of community. Yet the distinctive meanings, range and situations of obligation have tended to remain under-theorised in legal scholarship. In response, this book examines the sense in which we are multiply 'bound beings', to law and legal institutions, as much as we are to place, community, memory and the various social institutions that give shape to collective life. Sharing this set of concerns, each of the international group of scholars contributing to this volume traces the specificity of the binding force of obligations, their techniques and modes of expression, as well as their centrally important role in giving form to lawful relations. Together they provide an innovative and challenging contribution to legal scholarship: one that will also be of relevance to those working in politics, philosophy and social theory.

This title was first published in 2000. European Intellectual Property is a survey and discussion of the impact of the economic principles of the European Community, upon the legal regime for the protection of intellectual property rights within the Community and the laws of its Member States. Beginning with a discussion of the issues arising from the treaty itself and the efforts of both the European Court of Justice and the European Commission through the liberalization of licensing procedures to meet these specific issues, the survey goes on to consider the attempts to achieve harmonization of national laws in the fields of trade marks, patents, industrial design and the wider efforts to create Community wide intellectual property rights.

Many have argued that ubuntu was a formative influence on the post-apartheid Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), South Africa's famous transitional justice mechanism. A Discourse on African Philosophy: A New Perspective on Ubuntu and Transitional Justice in South Africa challenges and contextualizes this view in a way that not only provides new findings and reflections on ubuntu and the TRC, but also contributes to the field of African philosophy. One of Christian B. N. Gade's key findings, founded on qualitative interviews in South Africa, is that some former TRC commissioners and committee members question the importance of ubuntu in the TRC process. Another is that there are several differing and historically developing interpretations of ubuntu, some of which have evident political implications and reflect non-factual and creative uses of history. Thus ubuntu is not a shared cultural heritage, in the ethnophilosophical sense of a static property characterizing a group. In fact, throughout this book Gade argues that the ethnophilosophical approach to African philosophy as a static group property is highly problematic. Gade's research presents an alternative collective discourse on African philosophy ("collective" in the sense that it does not focus on any single individual in particular) that takes differences, historical developments, and social contexts seriously. This book will be of interest to scholars in African philosophy, transitional justice, politics and cultural heritage, and law in South Africa.

Analysing how Indigenous Peoples come to be identifiable as bearers of human rights, this book considers how individuals and communities claim the right of free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) as Indigenous peoples. The basic notion of FPIC is that states should seek Indigenous peoples' consent before taking actions that will have an impact on them, their territories or their livelihoods. FPIC is an important development for Indigenous peoples, their advocates and supporters because one might assume that, where states recognize it, Indigenous peoples will have the ability to control how non-Indigenous laws and actions will affect them. But who exactly are the Indigenous peoples that are the subjects of this discourse? This book argues that the subject status of Indigenous peoples emerged out of international law in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Then, through a series of case studies, it considers how self-identifying Indigenous peoples, scholars, UN institutions and non-government organizations (NGOs) dispersed that subject-status and associated rights discourse through international and national legal contexts. It shows that those who claim international human rights as Indigenous peoples performatively become identifiable subjects of international law - but further demonstrates that this does not, however, provide them with control over, or emancipation from, a state-based legal system. Maintaining that the discourse on Indigenous peoples and international law itself needs to be theoretically and critically re-appraised, this book problematises the subject-status of those who claim Indigenous peoples' rights and the role of scholars, institutions, NGOs and others in producing that subject-status. Squarely addressing the limitations of international human rights law, it nevertheless goes on to provide a conceptual framework for rethinking the promise and power of Indigenous peoples' rights. Original and sophisticated, the book will appeal to scholars, activists and lawyers involved with indigenous rights, as well as those with more general interests in the operation of international law.

This title was first published in 2003: The problem of legitimacy and legality is one of the key issues of modern thought and nowhere more intensely debated than in the countries of the former Soviet bloc. Under the communist system, symbols of modern government had been supplemented and changed in order to serve the totalitarian domination of the Party and all spheres of life, including law, were subsumed within this framework of ideological legitimation. Following the anti-communist revolutions of 1989, former communist societies started the historically unprecedented process of transformation from the totalitarian into liberal democratic society, a transformation which has produced much soul-searching and heated debate. In this book, the author sets out to prove that concern with legitimacy belongs neither exclusively to the legal system nor to a political system separated and distanced from the legal system. The topic of legitimacy and legitimation is inseparable from legality and every legitimation eventually looks for its transformation into legal legitimacy.

Understanding Family Law is a clear and concise book for students of family law. The text is easy to digest, and even the most complex issues are presented in a user-friendly way without becoming patronising. The book has been specifically designed to be used as a study guide by students at all levels, and will appeal particularly to those who struggle with the more traditional textbooks. The reader is encouraged to think beyond the confines of the page through self-assessment questions. The book is designed primarily for full time undergraduate LLB students, but will also prove useful for those studying family law on part time and Diploma in Law courses.

Both risk and uncertainty are neo-liberal concepts, which can be viewed as complementary techniques for governing diverse aspects of life, rather than natural states of things. This new book examines the way these constructs govern the production of wealth through 'uncertain' speculation and 'calculable' investment formulae.

The way in which risk and uncertainty govern the minimisation of harms through insurance and through the uncertain practices of 'reasonable foresight' is discussed, and O Malley looks at the way these same techniques were historically forged out of moral and social beliefs about how to govern properly. In addition, the book analyzes is how, during this process, ideas such as 'contract' and distinctions between insurance and gambling were invented to order to 'properly' govern the risky and uncertain future.

For many years, legislators around the world have responded to the particular needs of consumers by introducing dedicated rules for consumer sales contracts. In the European Union, a significant push came through the adoption of the Consumer Sales Directive (99/44/EC). Elsewhere in the world, legislation focusing on consumer sales contracts has been introduced, for example in New Zealand and Australia. This book offers a snapshot of the current state of consumer sales law in a range of jurisdictions around the globe. It provides both an overview of the law in selected jurisdictions and compares the application of these rules in the context of two case scenarios.

This title was first published in 2001. The global legal landscape is littered with attempts to provide context and meaning for sexual harassment law. Most have failed because they have limited themselves to the mere words of law. This cross-national study is the first to expand our notion of sexual harassment law and implementation by exposing the relationship between law and its social context, demonstrating how this fundamentally influences legal understandings and outcomes. Taking a unique theoretical approach, this book explores perceptions of law within national, corporate and the individual contexts, analyzing the potentials of each level to influence the social understanding of law and the wider role of law in society itself. The result is a pioneering work of fresh insight which will appeal to a broad range of academic disciplines.

J.D. Lewis-Williams, a leading South African archaeologist and ethnographer, examines the complex myths of the San-Bushmen to create a larger theory of how myth is used in cultures worldwide. Exploring ethnographic, archival and archaeological lines of research, he extracts the `nuggets', the far-reaching but often unspoken words and concepts of language and understanding that are opaque to outsiders, to establish a more nuanced theory of the role of these myths in the thought-world and social circumstances of the San. The book draws from the author's own work, the unique 19th-century Bleek & Lloyd archive, more recent ethnographic work, and San rock art and includes well-known San stories such as The broken string, Mantis dreams, and Creation of the eland.

This title was first published in 2002. Environmental Policy is an astute and far-reaching text which analyzes the intersections between environmental policy formation and its ultimate implementation and enforcement through the law. It sets this theme against the axis of EU law and policy and UK law and policy, paying particular attention to the variables which determine the nature and significance of law as a delivery vehicle . Among these variables are the shape and character of EU and UK law for present purposes, alternatives to law, and the culture of UK law and policy aiding a distinct pattern of response to Directives, for example. It takes an informed look at the reality of implementation and enforcement through its reference to policy objectives as well as the limits and appropriateness of law across the aforementioned axis . An indispensable resource for scholars and students of environmental law and policy, along with governmental and other environmental agencies responsible for policy creation, implementation and enforcement.

This title was first published in 2002.This book offers an intriguing examination of the law concerning liability for psychiatric injury suffered by employees in the workplace. Included among these are employees confronting the risk of death or injury in the course of their normal employment, such as police or fire-fighters, those confronting death or injury out of their ordinary course of employment, such as accidents at work, and those possibly exposed to health-threatening circumstances, such as dust in the workplace. Also considered are employees who suffer mental health problems resulting from environmental factors, such as bullying, overwork and disciplinary measures. The amount of damages recovered in such actions can be substantial and this book examines the extent of the employer's liability, as well as providing a psychiatric medicine perspective and a detailed analysis of the current state of the law in England, Wales and Australia.

This volume examines the range of Non-Trade Concerns (NTCs) that may conflict with international economic rules and proposes ways to protect them within international law and international economic law. Globalization without local concerns can endanger relevant issues such as good governance, human rights, right to water, right to food, social, economic, cultural and environmental rights, labor rights, access to knowledge, public health, social welfare, consumer interests and animal welfare, climate change, energy, environmental protection and sustainable development, product safety, food safety and security. Focusing on China, the book shows the current trends of Chinese law and policy towards international standards. The authors argue that China can play a leading role in this context: not only has China adopted several reforms and new regulations to address NTCs; but it has started to play a very relevant role in international negotiations on NTCs such as climate change, energy, and culture, among others. While China is still considered a developing country, in particular from the NTCs' point of view, it promises to be a key actor in international law in general and, more specifically, in international economic law in this respect. This volume assesses, taking into consideration its special context, China's behavior internally and externally to understand its role and influence in shaping NTCs in the context of international economic law.

This title was first published in 2003. The Logic of Equality proposes a formal-logical method for examining the indeterminacy of legal discourse, using the example of the non-discrimination norm. It shows that the indeterminacy of a legal concept does not mean that it is completely chaotic - the indeterminacy of the non-discrimination norm arises out of, and presupposes, a determinate formal structure, which remains fixed and constant both within and across jurisdictions, regardless of institutional or doctrinal differences. To illustrate the argument, cases are presented from a variety of jurisdictions including the United States Supreme Court, the European Court of Human Rights, the European Court of Justice, and the German Constitutional Court. The book is aimed at theorists who are interested in the analysis of legal discourse, including comparative legal scholars and those who specialise in human rights and/or discrimination law.

This title was first published in 2000. The law relating to directors' duties has fundamental implications across the business environment and yet few areas of business law have received so little detailed examination. This text provides fresh and incisive insights to the rules applying in ten major economic jurisdictions within Europe, with respect to directors' legal obligations and liabilities. Written by the foremost figures in the field, each contribution outlines the statutory provisions that affect the work of company directors in each jurisdiction, including general legislation and specific laws covering the status of incorporated bodies. Fully illustrated with case-law examples the book provides a guide to the range of measures which national courts may provide for participants in corporate life seeking remedies for unsatisfactory governance of companies. It also features guidance on the specific bases for criminal and civil liabilities and examples of the range of penalties to which directors might be subject. The result is a work of unprecedented detail which will be welcomed by practitioners in the corporate sector, academics and researchers alike.