This book is aimed at two kinds of readers: firstly, people working in or near mathematics, who are curious about continued fractions; and secondly, senior or graduate students who would like an extensive introduction to the analytic theory of continued fractions. The book contains several recent results and new angles of approach and thus should be of interest to researchers throughout the field. The first five chapters contain an introduction to the basic theory, while the last seven chapters present a variety of applications. Finally, an appendix presents a large number of special continued fraction expansions. This very readable book also contains many valuable examples and problems.

The collected works of Turing, including a substantial amount of unpublished material, will comprise four volumes: Mechanical Intelligence, Pure Mathematics, Morphogenesis and Mathematical Logic. Alan Mathison Turing (1912-1954) was a brilliant man who made major contributions in several areas of science. Today his name is mentioned frequently in philosophical discussions about the nature of Artificial Intelligence. Actually, he was a pioneer researcher in computer architecture and software engineering; his work in pure mathematics and mathematical logic extended considerably further and his last work, on morphogenesis in plants, is also acknowledged as being of the greatest originality and of permanent importance. He was one of the leading figures in Twentieth-century science, a fact which would have been known to the general public sooner but for the British Official Secrets Act, which prevented discussion of his wartime work. What is maybe surprising about these papers is that although they were written decades ago, they address major issues which concern researchers today.

The collected works of Turing, including a substantial amount of unpublished material, will comprise four volumes: Mechanical Intelligence, Pure Mathematics, Morphogenesis and Mathematical Logic. Alan Mathison Turing (1912-1954) was a brilliant man who made major contributions in several areas of science. Today his name is mentioned frequently in philosophical discussions about the nature of Artificial Intelligence. Actually, he was a pioneer researcher in computer architecture and software engineering; his work in pure mathematics and mathematical logic extended considerably further and his last work, on morphogenesis in plants, is also acknowledged as being of the greatest originality and of permanent importance. He was one of the leading figures in Twentieth-century science, a fact which would have been known to the general public sooner but for the British Official Secrets Act, which prevented discussion of his wartime work. What is maybe surprising about these papers is that although they were written decades ago, they address major issues which concern researchers today.

An Introduction to Wavelets is the first volume in a new series, WAVELET ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATIONS. This is an introductory treatise on wavelet analysis, with an emphasis on spline wavelets and time-frequency analysis. Among the basic topics covered in this book are time-frequency localization, integral wavelet transforms, dyadic wavelets, frames, spline-wavelets, orthonormal wavelet bases, and wavelet packets. In addition, the author presents a unified treatment of nonorthogonal, semiorthogonal, and orthogonal wavelets. This monograph is self-contained, the only prerequisite being a basic knowledge of function theory and real analysis. It is suitable as a textbook for a beginning course on wavelet analysis and is directed toward both mathematicians and engineers who wish to learn about the subject. Specialists may use this volume as a valuable supplementary reading to the vast literature that has already emerged in this field.
Key Features
* This is an introductory treatise on wavelet analysis, with an emphasis on spline-wavelets and time-frequency analysis
* This monograph is self-contained, the only prerequisite being a basic knowledge of function theory and real analysis
* Suitable as a textbook for a beginning course on wavelet analysis

Threshold graphs have a beautiful structure and possess many important mathematical properties. They have applications in many areas including computer science and psychology. Over the last 20 years the interest in threshold graphs has increased significantly, and the subject continues to attract much attention.

The book contains many open problems and research ideas which will appeal to graduate students and researchers interested in graph theory. But above all "Threshold Graphs and Related Topics" provides a valuable source of information for all those working in this field.

General concepts and methods that occur throughout mathematics and now also in theoretical computer science are the subject of this book. It is a thorough introduction to Categories, emphasizing the geometric nature of the subject and explaining its connections to mathematical logic. The book should appeal to the inquisitive reader who has seen some basic topology and algebra and would like to learn and explore further.
The first part contains a detailed treatment of the fundamentals of Geometric Logic, which combines four central ideas: natural transformations, sheaves, adjoint functors, and topoi.
A special feature of the work is a general calculus of relations presented in the second part. This calculus offers another, often more amenable framework for concepts and methods discussed in part one. Some aspects of this approach find their origin in the relational calculi of Peirce and Schroeder from the last century, and in the 1940's in the work of Tarski and others on relational algebras. The representation theorems discussed are an original feature of this approach.
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This is the first comprehensive treatment of the theoretical aspects of the discrete cosine transform (DCT), which is being recommended by various standards organizations, such as the CCITT, ISO etc., as the primary compression tool in digital image coding. The main purpose of the book is to provide a complete source for the user of this signal processing tool, where both the basics and the applications are detailed. An extensive bibliography covers both the theory and applications of the DCT. The novice will find the book useful in its self-contained treatment of the theory of the DCT, the detailed description of various algorithms supported by computer programs and the range of possible applications, including codecs used for teleconferencing, videophone, progressive image transmission, and broadcast TV. The more advanced user will appreciate the extensive references. Tables describing ASIC VLSI chips for implementing DCT, and motion estimation and details on image compression boards are also provided.

This book constitutes a first- or second-year graduate course in operator theory. It is a field that has great importance for other areas of mathematics and physics, such as algebraic topology, differential geometry, and quantum mechanics. It assumes a basic knowledge in functional analysis but no prior acquaintance with operator theory is required.

This book is a comprehensive survey of matrix perturbation theory, a topic of interest to numerical analysts, statisticians, physical scientists, and engineers. In particular, the authors cover perturbation theory of linear systems and least square problems, the eignevalue problem, and the generalized eignevalue problem as wellas a complete treatment of vector and matrix norms, including the theory of unitary invariant norms.

The three chapters of this book are entitled Basic Concepts, Tensor Norms, and Special Topics. The first may serve as part of an introductory course in Functional Analysis since it shows the powerful use of the projective and injective tensor norms, as well as the basics of the theory of operator ideals. The second chapter is the main part of the book: it presents the theory of tensor norms as designed by Grothendieck in the Resume and deals with the relation between tensor norms and operator ideals. The last chapter deals with special questions. Each section is accompanied by a series of exercises.

Progress in mathematics is based on a thorough understanding of the mathematical objects under consideration, and yet many textbooks and monographs proceed to discuss general statements and assume that the reader can and will provide the mathematical infrastructure of examples and counterexamples. This book makes a deliberate effort to correct this situation: it is a collection of examples. The following table of contents describes its breadth and reveals the underlying motivation--differential geometry--in its many facets: Riemannian, symplectic, K*adahler, hyperK*adahler, as well as complex and quaternionic.

A number of monographs of various aspects of complex analysis in several variables have appeared since the first version of this book was published, but none of them uses the analytic techniques based on the solution of the Neumann Problem as the main tool.
The additions made in this third, revised edition place additional stress on results where these methods are particularly important. Thus, a section has been added presenting Ehrenpreis' fundamental principle'' in full. The local arguments in this section are closely related to the proof of the coherence of the sheaf of germs of functions vanishing on an analytic set. Also added is a discussion of the theorem of Siu on the Lelong numbers of plurisubharmonic functions. Since the L2 techniques are essential in the proof and plurisubharmonic functions play such an important role in this book, it seems natural to discuss their main singularities.

This work is motivated by and develops connections between several branches of mathematics and physics--the theories of Lie algebras, finite groups and modular functions in mathematics, and string theory in physics. The first part of the book presents a new mathematical theory of vertex operator algebras, the algebraic counterpart of two-dimensional holomorphic conformal quantum field theory. The remaining part constructs the Monster finite simple group as the automorphism group of a very special vertex operator algebra, called the "moonshine module" because of its relevance to "monstrous moonshine."

The book, suitable as both an introductory reference and as a text book in the rapidly growing field of topological graph theory, models both maps (as in map-coloring problems) and groups by means of graph imbeddings on sufaces. Automorphism groups of both graphs and maps are studied. In addition connections are made to other areas of mathematics, such as hypergraphs, block designs, finite geometries, and finite fields. There are chapters on the emerging subfields of enumerative topological graph theory and random topological graph theory, as well as a chapter on the composition of English church-bell music. The latter is facilitated by imbedding the right graph of the right group on an appropriate surface, with suitable symmetries. Throughout the emphasis is on Cayley maps: imbeddings of Cayley graphs for finite groups as (possibly branched) covering projections of surface imbeddings of loop graphs with one vertex. This is not as restrictive as it might sound; many developments in topological graph theory involve such imbeddings.

The approach aims to make all this interconnected material readily accessible to a beginning graduate (or an advanced undergraduate) student, while at the same time providing the research mathematician with a useful reference book in topological graph theory. The focus will be on beautiful connections, both elementary and deep, within mathematics that can best be described by the intuitively pleasing device of imbedding graphs of groups on surfaces.

These two volumes cover the principal approaches to constructivism in mathematics. They present a thorough, up-to-date introduction to the metamathematics of constructive mathematics, paying special attention to Intuitionism, Markov's constructivism and Martin-Lof's type theory with its operational semantics. A detailed exposition of the basic features of constructive mathematics, with illustrations from analysis, algebra and topology, is provided, with due attention to the metamathematical aspects. Volume 1 is a self-contained introduction to the practice and foundations of constructivism, and does not require specialized knowledge beyond basic mathematical logic. Volume 2 contains mainly advanced topics of a proof-theoretical and semantical nature.

This is an all-encompassing and exhaustive exposition of the theory of infinite-dimensional Unitary Representations of Locally Compact Groups and its generalization to representations of Banach algebras. The presentation is detailed, accessible, and self-contained (except for some elementary knowledge in algebra, topology, and abstract measure theory). In the later chapters the reader is brought to the frontiers of present-day knowledge in the area of Mackey normal subgroup analysisand its generalization to the context of Banach *-Algebraic Bundles.

This is an all-encompassing and exhaustive exposition of the theory of infinite-dimensional Unitary Representations of Locally Compact Groups and its generalization to representations of Banach algebras. The presentation is detailed, accessible, and self-contained (except for some elementary knowledge in algebra, topology, and abstract measure theory). In the later chapters the reader is brought to the frontiers of present-day knowledge in the area of Mackey normal subgroup analysisand its generalization to the context of Banach *-Algebraic Bundles.

This book is the first attempt to develop systematically a general theory of the initial-boundary value problems for nonlinear evolution equations with pseudodifferential operators Ku on a half-line or on a segment. We study traditionally important problems, such as local and global existence of solutions and their properties, in particular much attention is drawn to the asymptotic behavior of solutions for large time. Up to now the theory of nonlinear initial-boundary value problems with a general pseudodifferential operator has not been well developed due to its difficulty. There are many open natural questions. Firstly how many boundary data should we pose on the initial-boundary value problems for its correct solvability? As far as we know there are few results in the case of nonlinear nonlocal equations. The methods developed in this book are applicable to a wide class of dispersive and dissipative nonlinear equations, both local and nonlocal.
-For the first time the definition of pseudodifferential operator on a half-line and a segment is done
-A wide class of nonlinear nonlocal and local equations is considered
-Developed theory is general and applicable to different equations
-The book is written clearly, many examples are considered
-Asymptotic formulas can be used for numerical computations by engineers and physicists
-The authors are recognized experts in the nonlinear wave phenomena

In accordance with the developments in computation, theoretical studies on numerical schemes are now fruitful and highly needed. In 1991 an article on the finite element method applied to evolutionary problems was published. Following the method, basically this book studies various schemes from operator theoretical points of view. Many parts are devoted to the finite element method, but other schemes and problems (charge simulation method, domain decomposition method, nonlinear problems, and so forth) are also discussed, motivated by the observation that practically useful schemes have fine mathematical structures and the converses are also true. This book has the following chapters: 1. Boundary Value Problems and FEM. 2. Semigroup Theory and FEM. 3. Evolution Equations and FEM. 4. Other Methods in Time Discretization. 5. Other Methods in Space Discretization. 6. Nonlinear Problems. 7. Domain Decomposition Method.

The book is designed for researchers, students and practitioners interested in using fast and efficient iterative methods to approximate solutions of nonlinear equations. The following four major problems are addressed. Problem 1: Show that the iterates are well defined. Problem 2: concerns the convergence of the sequences generated by a process and the question of whether the limit points are, in fact solutions of the equation. Problem 3: concerns the economy of the entire operations. Problem 4: concerns with how to best choose a method, algorithm or software program to solve a specific type of problem and its description of when a given algorithm succeeds or fails. The book contains applications in several areas of applied sciences including mathematical programming and mathematical economics. There is also a huge number of exercises complementing the theory.
- Latest convergence results for the iterative methods
- Iterative methods with the least computational cost
- Iterative methods with the weakest convergence conditions
- Open problems on iterative methods

The book is an almost self-contained presentation of the most important concepts and results in viability and invariance. The viability of a set K with respect to a given function (or multi-function) F, defined on it, describes the property that, for each initial data in K, the differential equation (or inclusion) driven by that function or multi-function) to have at least one solution. The invariance of a set K with respect to a function (or multi-function) F, defined on a larger set D, is that property which says that each solution of the differential equation (or inclusion) driven by F and issuing in K remains in K, at least for a short time.
The book includes the most important necessary and sufficient conditions for viability starting with Nagumo's Viability Theorem for ordinary differential equations with continuous right-hand sides and continuing with the corresponding extensions either to differential inclusions or to semilinear or even fully nonlinear evolution equations, systems and inclusions. In the latter (i.e. multi-valued) cases, the results (based on two completely new tangency concepts), all due to the authors, are original and extend significantly, in several directions, their well-known classical counterparts.
- New concepts for multi-functions as the classical tangent vectors for functions
- Provides the very general and necessary conditions for viability in the case of differential inclusions, semilinear and fully nonlinear evolution inclusions
- Clarifying examples, illustrations and numerous problems, completely and carefully solved
- Illustrates the applications from theory into practice
- Very clear and elegant style

The ideas of Fourier have made their way into every branch of mathematics and mathematical physics, from the theory of numbers to quantum mechanics. Fourier Series and Integrals focuses on the extraordinary power and flexibility of Fourier's basic series and integrals and on the astonishing variety of applications in which it is the chief tool. It presents a mathematical account of Fourier ideas on the circle and the line, on finite commutative groups, and on a few important noncommutative groups. A wide variety of exercises are placed in nearly every section as an integral part of the text.

The basic goals of the book are: (i) to introduce the subject to those interested in discovering it, (ii) to coherently present a number of basic techniques and results, currently used in the subject, to those working in it, and (iii) to present some of the results that are attractive in their own right, and which lend themselves to a presentation not overburdened with technical machinery.

This is the revised and augmented edition of a now classic book which is an introduction to sub-Markovian kernels on general measurable spaces and their associated homogeneous Markov chains. The first part, an expository text on the foundations of the subject, is intended for post-graduate students. A study of potential theory, the basic classification of chains according to their asymptotic behaviour and the celebrated Chacon-Ornstein theorem are examined in detail.
The second part of the book is at a more advanced level and includes a treatment of random walks on general locally compact abelian groups. Further chapters develop renewal theory, an introduction to Martin boundary and the study of chains recurrent in the Harris sense. Finally, the last chapter deals with the construction of chains starting from a kernel satisfying some kind of maximum principle.

This book describes a program of research in computable structure theory. The goal is to find definability conditions corresponding to bounds on complexity which persist under isomorphism. The results apply to familiar kinds of structures (groups, fields, vector spaces, linear orderings Boolean algebras, Abelian p-groups, models of arithmetic). There are many interesting results already, but there are also many natural questions still to be answered. The book is self-contained in that it includes necessary background material from recursion theory (ordinal notations, the hyperarithmetical hierarchy) and model theory (infinitary formulas, consistency properties).