The essays in this interdisciplinary book cover a range of implementations and designs, from formal computational models to large-scale NL processing systems.Natural language (NL) refers to human language-complex, irregular, diverse, with all its philosophical problems of meaning and context. Setting a new direction in AI research, this book explores the development of knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR) systems that simulate the role of NL in human information and knowledge processing. Traditionally, KRR systems have incorporated NL as an interface to an expert system or knowledge base that performed tasks separate from NL processing. As this book shows, however, the computational nature of representation and inference in NL makes it the ideal level for all tasks in an intelligent computer system. NL processing combines the qualitative characteristics of human knowledge processing with a computer's quantitative advantages, allowing for in-depth, systematic processing of vast amounts of information. The essays in this interdisciplinary book cover a range of implementations and designs, from formal computational models to large-scale NL processing systems.ContributorsSyed S. Ali, Bonnie J. Dorr, Karen Ehrlich, Robert Givan, Susan M. Haller, Sanda Harabagiu, Chung Hee Hwang, Lucja Iwanska, Kellyn Kruger, Naveen Mata, David A. McAllester, David D. McDonald, Susan W. McRoy, Dan Moldovan, William J. Rapaport, Lenhart Schubert, Stuart C. Shapiro, Clare R. Voss

In "Speaking," Willem "Pim" Levelt, Director of the Max-Planck-Institut fur Psycholinguistik, accomplishes the formidable task of covering the entire process of speech production, from constraints on conversational appropriateness to articulation and self-monitoring of speech. Speaking is unique in its balanced coverage of all major aspects of the production of speech, in the completeness of its treatment of the entire speech process, and in its strategy of exemplifying rather than formalizing theoretical issues."

Acta Numerica is an annual publication containing invited survey papers by leading researchers in numerical mathematics and scientific computing. The papers present overviews of recent developments in their area and provide state-of-the-art techniques and analysis.

Within the rapidly-growing arena of 'virtual worlds', such as Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOs), individuals behave in particular ways, influence one another, and develop complex relationships. This setting can be a useful tool for modeling complex social systems, cognitive factors, and interactions between groups and within organizations. To study these worlds effectively requires a cross-disciplinary approach that integrates social science theories with big data analytics. This broad-based book offers a comprehensive and holistic perspective on the field. It brings together research findings from an international team of experts in computer science (artificial intelligence, game design, and social computing), psychology, and the social sciences to help researchers and practitioners better understand the fundamental processes underpinning social behavior in virtual worlds such as World of Warcraft, Rift, Eve Online, and Travian.

After decades of research activity, Chinese spoken language processing (CSLP) has advanced considerably both in practical technology and theoretical discovery. In this book, the editors provide both an introduction to the field as well as unique research problems with their solutions in various areas of CSLP. The contributions represent pioneering efforts ranging from CSLP principles to technologies and applications, with each chapter encapsulating a single problem and its solutions.A commemorative volume for the 10th anniversary of the international symposium on CSLP in Singapore, this is a valuable reference for established researchers and an excellent introduction for those interested in the area of CSLP.

This is the first book that takes a detailed look at the importance of phase in the design of speech processing systems. Phase, in comparison with amplitude, is often ignored for speech recognition applications. Thus, this book highlights some of the important ways in which the phase of speech signals can be utilized for sound localization, enhancement, and recognition. This book also discusses the state-of-the-art research in phase-based speech processing, starting from the basics of signal processing and recording, to single microphone speech recognition, the recognition of speech and the processing of speech by humans, as well as the importance of phase in human speech recognition and multi-microphone phase-based speech processing.

This book is a first-stop introduction to corpus-based language research. It takes the reader systematically through the practical problems and benefits including the points to be reviewed before using computers, obtaining corpus material, the main analytical tools and the most important applications of computerised natural language processing. Each chapter offers guidance on programming where appropriate at a level suitable for readers with no prior experience, and provides exercises to help the reader to apply the principles covered. Case studies are used to show how the techniques are used in genuine research situations. * Provides and introduction to computer analysis, techniques, the practical problems involved in using them and their potential benefits * The guidance on programming provides a basic tool kit for use and devleopment by readers with no previous experience. * The exercises at the end of each chapter allow readers to test their understanding and to develop an effective approach to their own research problems. * The case studies demonstrate the use of the techniques described in real research situations.

How does a parser, a device that imposes an analysis on a string of symbols so that they can be interpreted, work? More specifically, how does the parser in the human cognitive mechanism operate? Using a wide range of empirical data concerning human natural language processing, Bradley Pritchett demonstrates that parsing performance depends on grammatical competence, not, as many have thought, on perception, computation, or semantics.
Pritchett critiques the major performance-based parsing models to argue that the principles of grammar drive the parser; the parser, furthermore, is the apparatus that tries to enforce the conditions of the grammar at every point in the processing of a sentence. In comparing garden path phenomena, those instances when the parser fails on the first reading of a sentence and must reanalyze it, with occasions when the parser successfully functions the first time around, Pritchett makes a convincing case for a grammar-derived parsing theory.

"Text Analysis with R for Students of Literature" is written with students and scholars of literature in mind but will be applicable to other humanists and social scientists wishing to extend their methodological tool kit to include quantitative and computational approaches to the study of text. Computation provides access to information in text that we simply cannot gather using traditional qualitative methods of close reading and human synthesis. "Text Analysis with R for Students of Literature" provides a practical introduction to computational text analysis using the open source programming language R. R is extremely popular throughout the sciences and because of its accessibility, R is now used increasingly in other research areas. Readers begin working with text right away and each chapter works through a new technique or process such that readers gain a broad exposure to core R procedures and a basic understanding of the possibilities of computational text analysis at both the micro and macro scale. Each chapter builds on the previous as readers move from small scale microanalysis of single texts to large scale macroanalysis of text corpora, and each chapter concludes with a set of practice exercises that reinforce and expand upon the chapter lessons. The book s focus is on making the technical palatable and making the technical useful and immediately gratifying."