This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference of the CLEF Association, CLEF 2022, held in Bologna, Italy in September 2022.The conference has a clear focus on experimental information retrieval with special attention to the challenges of multimodality, multilinguality, and interactive search ranging from unstructured to semi structures and structured data. The 7 full papers presented together with 3 short papers in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 14 submissions. This year, the contributions addressed the following challenges: authorship attribution, fake news detection and news tracking, noise-detection in automatically transferred relevance judgments, impact of online education on children's conversational search behavior, analysis of multi-modal social media content, knowledge graphs for sensitivity identification, a fusion of deep learning and logic rules for sentiment analysis, medical concept normalization and domain-specific information extraction. In addition to this, the volume presents 7 "best of the labs" papers which were reviewed as full paper submissions with the same review criteria. 14 lab overview papers were accepted and represent scientific challenges based on new datasets and real world problems in multimodal and multilingual information access.

This book, with a foreword by Manuel Castells, explores the core strategies of digital political communication. It reviews the field's evolution over the past 25 years and examines the coexistence of old and new actors (lobbyists, citizens, parliaments, political parties, media outlets, digital platforms, among others), as well as hybrid communication tactics. Topics covered include frames, fake news, filter bubbles, echo chambers, artificial intelligence, the significance of emotions, and engagement with citizens.As we find ourselves in the fourth wave of digital communication, and in the wake of a pandemic which has shaken the foundations of political communication, an evaluation of these topics is essential to the reinvention of democracy. The book is geared towards students and researchers who wish to delve into the latest trends in digital communication, political communication actors and journalists. It further aims to prepare citizens to effectively deal with messaging that blurs the line between truth and falsehood with increasingly powerful strategies supported by artificial intelligence.

Wineinformatics is a new data science application with a focus on understanding wine through artificial intelligence. Thousands of new wine reviews are produced monthly, which benefits the understanding of wine through wine experts for winemakers and consumers. This book systematically investigates how to process human language format reviews and mine useful knowledge from a large volume of processed data. This book presents a human language processing tool named Computational Wine Wheel to process professional wine reviews and three novel Wineinformatics studies to analyze wine quality, price and reviewers. Through the lens of data science, the author demonstrates how the wine receives 90+ scores out of 100 points from Wine Spectator, how to predict a wine's specific grade and price through wine reviews and how to rank a group of wine reviewers. The book also shows the advanced application of the Computational Wine Wheel to capture more information hidden in wine reviews and the possibility of extending the wheel to coffee, tea beer, sake and liquors. This book targets computer scientists, data scientists and wine industrial researchers, who are interested in Wineinformatics. Senior data science undergraduate and graduate students may also benefit from this book.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 29th International Symposium on Static Analysis, SAS 2022, held in Auckland, New Zealand, in December 2022. The 18 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 43 submissions. Static analysis is widely recognized as a fundamental tool for program verification, bug detection, compiler optimization, program understanding, and software maintenance. The papers deal with theoretical, practical and application advances in the area.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 25th Brazilian Symposium on Formal Methods, SBMF 2022, which was held virtually in December 2022. The 8 regular papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 15 submissions. The symposium focuses on the development, dissemination, and use of formal methods for the construction of high-quality computational systems, aiming to promote opportunities for researchers and practitioners with an interest in formal methods to discuss the recent advances in this area.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, ICFHR 2022, which took place in Hyderabad, India, during December 4-7, 2022. The 36 full papers and 1 short paper presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 61 submissions. The contributions were organized in topical sections as follows: Historical Document Processing; Signature Verification and Writer Identification; Symbol and Graphics Recognition; Handwriting Recognition and Understanding; Handwriting Datasets and Synthetic Handwriting Generation; Document Analysis and Processing.

This book constitutes revised selected papers from the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Analysis of Images, Social Networks and Texts, AIST 2021, held in Tbilisi, Georgia, during December 16-18, 2021. The 20 full papers and 5 short papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 118 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Invited papers; natural language processing; computer vision; data analysis and machine learning; social network analysis; and theoretical machine learning and optimization.

This open access book provides an in-depth description of the EU project European Language Grid (ELG). Its motivation lies in the fact that Europe is a multilingual society with 24 official European Union Member State languages and dozens of additional languages including regional and minority languages. The only meaningful way to enable multilingualism and to benefit from this rich linguistic heritage is through Language Technologies (LT) including Natural Language Processing (NLP), Natural Language Understanding (NLU), Speech Technologies and language-centric Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications. The European Language Grid provides a single umbrella platform for the European LT community, including research and industry, effectively functioning as a virtual home, marketplace, showroom, and deployment centre for all services, tools, resources, products and organisations active in the field. Today the ELG cloud platform already offers access to more than 13,000 language processing tools and language resources. It enables all stakeholders to deposit, upload and deploy their technologies and datasets. The platform also supports the long-term objective of establishing digital language equality in Europe by 2030 - to create a situation in which all European languages enjoy equal technological support. This is the very first book dedicated to Language Technology and NLP platforms. Cloud technology has only recently matured enough to make the development of a platform like ELG feasible on a larger scale. The book comprehensively describes the results of the ELG project. Following an introduction, the content is divided into four main parts: (I) ELG Cloud Platform; (II) ELG Inventory of Technologies and Resources; (III) ELG Community and Initiative; and (IV) ELG Open Calls and Pilot Projects.

The 39-volume set, comprising the LNCS books 13661 until 13699, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2022, held in Tel Aviv, Israel, during October 23-27, 2022. The 1645 papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 5804 submissions. The papers deal with topics such as computer vision; machine learning; deep neural networks; reinforcement learning; object recognition; image classification; image processing; object detection; semantic segmentation; human pose estimation; 3d reconstruction; stereo vision; computational photography; neural networks; image coding; image reconstruction; object recognition; motion estimation.

This book constitutes the thoroughly revised selected papers from the 18th International Symposium, FACS 2022, which was held online in November 2022.The 12 full papers and 1 short paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 25 submissions. FACS 2021 is focusing on the areas of component software and formal methods in order to promote a deeper understanding of how formal methods can or should be used to make component-based software development succeed.

This book assesses the place of logic, mathematics, and computer science in present day, interdisciplinary areas of computational linguistics. Computational linguistics studies natural language in its various manifestations from a computational point of view, both on the theoretical level (modeling grammar modules dealing with natural language form and meaning and the relation between these two) and on the practical level (developing applications for language and speech technology). It is a collection of chapters presenting new and future research. The book focuses mainly on logical approaches to computational processing of natural language and on the applicability of methods and techniques from the study of formal languages, programming, and other specification languages. It presents work from other approaches to linguistics, as well, especially because they inspire new work and approaches.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 22nd Chinese Lexical Semantics Workshop, CLSW 2021, held in Nanjing, China in May 2021. The 68 full papers and 4 short papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 261 submissions. They are organized in the following topical sections: Lexical Semantics and General Linguistics; Natural Language Processing and Language Computing; Cognitive Science and Experimental Studies; Lexical Resources and Corpus Linguistics.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th Language and Technology Conference: Challenges for Computer Science and Linguistics, LTC 2019, held in Poznan, Poland, in May 2019. The 24 revised papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 67 submissions. The papers are categorized into the following topical sub-headings: Speech Processing; Language Resources and Tools; Computational Semantics; Emotions, Decisions and Opinions; Digital Humanities; Evaluation; and Legal Aspects.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Implementation and Application of Automata, CIAA 2022, held in Rouen, France in June/ July 2022. The 16 regular papers presented together with 3 invited lectures in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 26 submissions. The topics of the papers covering various fields in the application, implementation, and theory of automata and related structures.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems, NLDB 2007, held in Paris, France in June 2007.

The 31 revised full papers and 10 revised short papers presented together with 1 invited lecture were carefully reviewed and selected from 110 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on natural language for database query processing, email management, semantic annotation, text clustering, ontology engineering, natural language for information system design, information retrieval systems, and natural language processing techniques.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 21st China National Conference on Computational Linguistics, CCL 2022, held in Nanchang, China, in October 2022. The 22 full English-language papers in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 293 Chinese and English submissions. The conference papers are categorized into the following topical sub-headings: Linguistics and Cognitive Science; Fundamental Theory and Methods of Computational Linguistics; Information Retrieval, Dialogue and Question Answering; Text Generation and Summarization; Knowledge Graph and Information Extraction; Machine Translation and Multilingual Information Processing; Minority Language Information Processing; Language Resource and Evaluation; NLP Applications.

Get a hands-on introduction to Transformer architecture using the Hugging Face library. This book explains how Transformers are changing the AI domain, particularly in the area of natural language processing. This book covers Transformer architecture and its relevance in natural language processing (NLP). It starts with an introduction to NLP and a progression of language models from n-grams to a Transformer-based architecture. Next, it offers some basic Transformers examples using the Google colab engine. Then, it introduces the Hugging Face ecosystem and the different libraries and models provided by it. Moving forward, it explains language models such as Google BERT with some examples before providing a deep dive into Hugging Face API using different language models to address tasks such as sentence classification, sentiment analysis, summarization, and text generation. After completing Introduction to Transformers for NLP, you will understand Transformer concepts and be able to solve problems using the Hugging Face library. What You Will Learn Understand language models and their importance in NLP and NLU (Natural Language Understanding) Master Transformer architecture through practical examples Use the Hugging Face library in Transformer-based language models Create a simple code generator in Python based on Transformer architecture Who This Book Is ForData Scientists and software developers interested in developing their skills in NLP and NLU (Natural Language Understanding)

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Explainable and Transparent AI and Multi-Agent Systems, EXTRAAMAS 2022, held virtually during May 9-10, 2022. The 14 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 25 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: explainable machine learning; explainable neuro-symbolic AI; explainable agents; XAI measures and metrics; and AI & law.

This book presents recent advances in NLP and speech technology, a topic attracting increasing interest in a variety of fields through its myriad applications, such as the demand for speech guided touchless technology during the Covid-19 pandemic. The authors present results of recent experimental research that provides contributions and solutions to different issues related to speech technology and speech in industry. Technologies include natural language processing, automatic speech recognition (for under-resourced dialects) and speech synthesis that are useful for applications such as intelligent virtual assistants, among others. Applications cover areas such as sentiment analysis and opinion mining, Arabic named entity recognition, and language modelling. This book is relevant for anyone interested in the latest in language and speech technology.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 21st EPIA Conference on Artificial Intelligence, EPIA 2022, which took place in Lisbon, Portugal, in August/September 2022. The 64 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 85 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: AI4IS - Artificial Intelligence for Industry and Societies; AIL - Artificial Intelligence and Law; AIM - Artificial Intelligence in Medicine; AIPES - Artificial Intelligence in Power and Energy Systems; AITS - Artificial Intelligence in Transportation Systems; AmIA - Ambient Intelligence and Affective Environments; GAI - General AI; IROBOT - Intelligent Robotics; KDBI - Knowledge Discovery and Business Intelligence; KRR - Knowledge Representation and Reasoning; MASTA - Multi-Agent Systems: Theory and Applications; TeMA - Text Mining and Applications.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries, TPDL 2022, which took place in Padua, Italy, in September 2022. The 18 full papers, 27 short papers and 15 accelerating innovation papers included in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 107 submissions. They focus on digital libraries and associated technical, practical, and social issues.

The two-volume proceedings, LNCS 13249 and 13250, constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 22nd Chinese Lexical Semantics Workshop, CLSW 2021, held in Nanjing, China in May 2021. The 68 full papers and 4 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 261 submissions. They are organized in the following topical sections: Lexical Semantics and General Linguistics; Natural Language Processing and Language Computing; Cognitive Science and Experimental Studies; Lexical Resources and Corpus Linguistics.

The book gives a comprehensive discussion of Database Semantics (DBS) as an agent-based data-driven theory of how natural language communication essentially works. In language communication, agents switch between speak mode, driven by cognition-internal content (input) resulting in cognition-external raw data (e.g. sound waves or pixels, which have no meaning or grammatical properties but can be measured by natural science), and hear mode, driven by the raw data produced by the speaker resulting in cognition-internal content. The motivation is to compare two approaches for an ontology of communication: agent-based data-driven vs. sign-based substitution-driven. Agent-based means: design of a cognitive agent with (i) an interface component for converting raw data into cognitive content (recognition) and converting cognitive content into raw data (action), (ii) an on-board, content-addressable memory (database) for the storage and content retrieval, (iii) separate treatments of the speak and the hear mode. Data-driven means: (a) mapping a cognitive content as input to the speak-mode into a language-dependent surface as output, (b) mapping a surface as input to the hear-mode into a cognitive content as output. Oppositely, sign-based means: no distinction between speak and hear mode, whereas substitution-driven means: using a single start symbol as input for generating infinitely many outputs, based on substitutions by rewrite rules. Collecting recent research of the author, this beautiful, novel and original exposition begins with an introduction to DBS, makes a linguistic detour on subject/predicate gapping and slot-filler repetition, and moves on to discuss computational pragmatics, inference and cognition, grammatical disambiguation and other related topics. The book is mostly addressed to experts working in the field of computational linguistics, as well as to enthusiasts interested in the history and early development of this subject, starting with the pre-computational foundations of theoretical computer science and symbolic logic in the 30s.

Transfer learning is one of the most important technologies in the era of artificial intelligence and deep learning. It seeks to leverage existing knowledge by transferring it to another, new domain. Over the years, a number of relevant topics have attracted the interest of the research and application community: transfer learning, pre-training and fine-tuning, domain adaptation, domain generalization, and meta-learning. This book offers a comprehensive tutorial on an overview of transfer learning, introducing new researchers in this area to both classic and more recent algorithms. Most importantly, it takes a "student's" perspective to introduce all the concepts, theories, algorithms, and applications, allowing readers to quickly and easily enter this area. Accompanying the book, detailed code implementations are provided to better illustrate the core ideas of several important algorithms, presenting good examples for practice.

One of the challenges brought on by the digital revolution of the recent decades is the mechanism by which information carried by texts can be extracted in order to access its contents. The processing of named entities remains a very active area of research, which plays a central role in natural language processing technologies and their applications. Named entity recognition, a tool used in information extraction tasks, focuses on recognizing small pieces of information in order to extract information on a larger scale. The authors use written text and examples in French and English to present the necessary elements for the readers to familiarize themselves with the main concepts related to named entities and to discover the problems associated with them, as well as the methods available in practice for solving these issues.