The iconic and beautiful Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Marine Park is home to one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. With contributions from international experts, this timely and fully updated second edition of The Great Barrier Reef describes the animals, plants and other organisms of the reef, as well as the biological, chemical and physical processes that influence them. It contains new chapters on shelf slopes and fisheries and addresses pressing issues such as climate change, ocean acidification, coral bleaching and disease, and invasive species. The Great Barrier Reef is a must-read for the interested reef tourist, student, researcher and environmental manager. While it has an Australian focus, it can equally be used as a reference text for most Indo-Pacific coral reefs. Key Features: Exciting and contemporary account of the issues that face the world's most complex marine ecosystem. Examines the diversity, physiology, ecology and conservation of coral reefs in one volume. Written by leading authorities on the biodiversity of the GBR as well as its position as an icon for monitoring global warming. Beautifully illustrated.

In this mesmerizing book of photography, acclaimed photographer David Liittschwager reveals the unnerving beauty of three notoriously mysterious sea creatures--the jellyfish, octopus, and seahorse--and how they perceive the world. The jellyfish, the octopus, and the seahorse are among the most wondrous species on Earth--as well as some of the most difficult to document using traditional photography methods. Enter celebrated photographer David Liittschwager, who has spent decades developing specialized portraiture techniques to capture these creatures' pulsating bioluminescence, translucent bodies, and ethereal movements. This luminous collection showcases 200 of Liittschwager's most revealing photographs, paired with penetrating essays that explain how a creature without a brain or without bones perceives the world. Bestselling science writers Elizabeth Kolbert, Jennifer Holland, and Olivia Judson explain the biology and advanced cognitive abilities of these spineless denizens of the deep, exquisitely evoking their unnerving yet undeniable charisma. In these pages, you'll glimpse a seahorse only half an inch tall, a moon jelly spinning off a snowflake-shaped clone, and the blinking comb jelly, which may be the most ancient living animal on Earth. Both enlightening and profound, this enchanting book documents the expanding frontiers of marine science, creating a powerful testament to the value and beauty of these little-seen--and endangered--species.

Die erste Auflage dieses Buches erschien im Jahre 1917 unter dem Titel Krauss, Grundzuge der maritimen Meteorologie und Ozeanographie. Im Jahre 1931 erschien die zweite Auflage unter Mitarbeit von Professor Dr. Meldau, Seefahrtschule Bremen. An Stelle des 1937 verstorbenen Professor Dr. Meldau trat mit der dritten Auflage Dr. Walter Stein, Seefahrtschule Bremen, als Mitarbeiter ein. Die dritte Auflage erschien im Jahre 1952, eine vierte im Jahre 1958. Die funfte Auflage wurde 1963 von Dr. Stein allein herausgegeben, nachdem Direktor Krauss im Jahre 1961 verstorben war. Mit Direktor Krauss verlor die deutsche Schiffahrt einen ihrer besten Lehrer und Erzieher. Es ist den Herausgebern ein tief verpflichtender Auftrag, dieses Buch, das dem Verstorbenen immer besonders am Herzen lag, in seinem Sinne und nach seinen Planen weiterzuentwickeln. Dieses Buch, das seit der zweiten Auflage den Titel Wetter-und Meeres- kunde fur Seefahrer tragt, will in erster Linie eine Hilfe fur den Unterricht in der Wetter-und Meereskunde an den Seefahrtschulen sein. Es kann aber auch dem Sportsegler und dem Seefischer Verstandnis fur die Vorgange in der Luft und im Wasser vermitteln. Der fur die Navigation verantwortliche Nautiker muss sich naturlich uber den allgemeinen Rahmen dieses Buches weit hinausgehende Kenntnisse von den meteorologischen und hydrographischen Verhaltnissen seines Fahrtgebietes erwerben. Dafur stehen ihm die einschlagigen Veroeffentlichungen des Seewetteramtes und des Deutschen Hydrographischen Institutes in Hamburg zur Verfugung, deren genaues Studium fur ihn unerlasslich ist. Fur die funfte Auflage wurde das Buch im wesentlichen unverandert gelassen.

Sediments from the world's ocean floors and other water body basins hold a wealth of information about organic life as we know it. "Organic Matter: Productivity, Accumulation, and Preservation in Recent and Ancient Sediments" addresses focusing on the production, accumulation, and preservation of organic matter in marine and lacustrine sediments. Contributors to this important monograph cover a range of geologic ages from recent times back to the Permian Era, as well as temperature and organic matter types.

This resource book will be of interest and benefit to petroleum explorationists and researchers, as well as oceanographers, marine and environmental scientists, sedimentologists, geochemists and paleontologists.

The seismic ambient field allows us to study interactions between the atmosphere, the oceans and the solid Earth. The theoretical understanding of seismic ambient noise has improved substantially in the last decades, and the number of its applications has increased dramatically. With chapters written by eminent scientists from the field, this book covers a range of topics including ambient noise observations, generation models of their physical origins, numerical modelling and processing methods. The later chapters focus on applications in imaging and monitoring the internal structure of the Earth, including interferometry for time-dependant imaging and tomography. This volume thus provides a comprehensive overview of this cutting-edge discipline for graduate students studying geophysics and for scientists working in seismology and other imaging sciences.

Oceans make up most of the surface of our blue planet. They may form just a sliver on the outside of the Earth, but they are very important, not only in hosting life, including the fish and other animals on which many humans depend, but in terms of their role in the Earth system, in regulating climate, and cycling nutrients. As climate change, pollution, and over-exploitation by humans puts this precious resource at risk, it is more important than ever that we understand and appreciate the nature and history of oceans. There is much we still do not know about the story of the Earth's oceans, and we are only just beginning to find indications of oceans on other planets. In this book, geologists Jan Zalasiewicz and Mark Williams consider the deep history of oceans, how and when they may have formed on the young Earth - topics of intense current research - how they became salty, and how they evolved through Earth history. We learn how oceans have formed and disappeared over millions of years, how the sea nurtured life, and what may become of our oceans in the future. We encounter some of the scientists and adventurers whose efforts led to our present understanding of oceans. And we look at clues to possible seas that may once have covered parts of Mars and Venus, that may still exist, below the surface, on moons such as Europa and Callisto, and the possibility of watery planets in other star systems.

Describing the emerging and unresolved issues related to the oceans and the marine environment, this book presents the developments made in marine science and policy since the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and implications for the sustainable management of ocean areas and resources. This comprehensive volume also provides a number of scientific, policy, and legal tools to address such issues, and to ensure better science-based management of the oceans. Topics covered include the impacts of human-induced climate change on the oceans, the marine genetic resources debate, the current legal framework for the oceans, and a comparative study of the legal issues associated with outer space. Including practical examples and worldwide case studies, this book is a valuable resource for policy makers, students and academics, in marine science and policy, ocean affairs, and the law of the sea.

Exploration of the oceans using geophysical methods has had a profound effect on the way we view the structure of the Earth and its behaviour through geological time. Geophysics has also played a vital role in the search for petroleum and other natural resources lying beneath the seabed.

This volume on marine geophysics has two objectives: to provide a comprehensive review of techniques and to examine what geophysical observations can tell us about the structure and tectonics of the oceans. Central to geophysical work at sea are the means of locating observations accurately and determining in detail the morphology of the sea floor. These topics are discussed early in the book. Considered next are the powerful seismic techniques for imaging the Earth’s interior from shallow coastal areas to the deep-sea trenches. Further chapters focus on the gravity and magnetic fields over the oceans, heat flow, electrical and radiometric methods and measurements in offshore boreholes. In later parts of the book, wide-ranging geophysical observations are brought together in chapters on the development of the modern oceans, the structure of their deep basins and the nature of their aseismic and seismically active margins.

This book will be of interest to marine scientists and advanced undergraduates and postgraduates following courses on, or undertaking research in, geophysics, marine geology, oceanography, physical sciences, remote sensing, marine surveying and offshore engineering. Contents:

1. Preview
2. Locating offshore observations
3. Seabed imaging by sonar and lidar
4. Seismic exploration at sea: a theoretical background
5. Seismic data acquisition at sea
6. The marine gravity field
7. The Earth’s magnetic field at sea
8. Heat flow
9. Investigations of the sea floor using electrical methods
10. Seabed exploration using radiometric methods
11. Geophysical observations in offshore boreholes
12. Deep-sea geophysics and the changing geometry of the oceans
13. Studies of the oceanic lithosphere: the sedimentary cover
14. Studies of the oceanic lithosphere: the crustal basement and upper mantle
15. Investigations of divergent and transform continental margins
16. Studies of subduction zones

Fully updated, with significant new coverage of advances in satellite oceanography and results from new satellite missions, the second edition of this popular textbook introduces students to how remote sensing works, how to understand observations from Earth-observing systems, and the observations' importance to physical and biological oceanography. It provides full explanations of radiative transfer, ocean surface properties, satellite orbits, instruments and methods, visible remote sensing of biogeochemical properties, infrared and microwave retrieval of sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity retrieval, passive microwave measurements, scatterometer wind retrieval, altimetry and SAR. Also included are descriptions of the online archives where data can be obtained, and readers can obtain online tools for working with the data - enabling hands-on engagement with real-world observations. This is an ideal textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in oceanography, remote sensing and environmental science, and a practical resource for researchers and professionals working with oceanographic satellite data.

"Since I first read, and then taught, Helmreich's extraordinary essay on alien kinship and the biopolitics of gene transfer in marine biology and biotechnology in 2003, I have been swimming eagerly in his alien oceans, waiting for this book, eager to feast. A multi-sited and deeply sounded ethnography of ocean microbiologists and their subvisible critters, "Alien Ocean" dunks the reader in seas of blue-green capital and rampant globalizing viral traders in gene currency. Tangled in sentiment and science, salty microbial webs infuse dreadful and promising figures of aliens and familiars. In this rich study of microbial oceanography we meet the extremeophiles of a mortal earth--an earth better named ocean, where deep-sea dwelling, heat-loving archaea are dredged to tell stories of unlikely kin, extraordinary technology, planktonic globalizers, and Hawaiian indigenous activists. This is a book about networks of loves and disciplines that is hard to put down."--Donna Haraway
"This book is as wondrous as the otherworldly creatures whose apperception it recounts, from one of the most innovative cultural anthropologists writing today. Helmreich shows how the water covering the earth demands of scientists a planetary optic haunted always by the figure of that which lies just outside the limits of the imagination--the alien. Deep-sea creatures turn out to be connected to networks of knowledge, economy, politics, and culture that reshape everything from the shifting shorelines of Georgian barrier islands to the postcolonial futures of Hawai'i. "Alien Ocean" challenges longstanding constructs of causation, system, and replication that are the foundation of scientific knowledge itself."--BillMaurer, University of California, Irvine
"Taking us from laboratory workbenches to the cramped confines of the Alvin submarine, Helmreich immerses readers in his ethnographic account of a scientific field, marine microbiology, concerned with questions of fundamental importance--what is life? what is a planet? is there a difference? Alien Ocean--inviting and challenging in its empirical and theoretical scope, in its humor and serious play, in its deft handling of scientific material--will set a new standard for the anthropology of science."--Mike Fortun, author of "Promising Genomics: Iceland and DeCODE Genetics in a World of Speculation"

The world's mid-ocean ridges form a single, connected global ridge system that is part of every ocean, and is the longest mountain range in the world. Geologically active, mid-ocean ridges are key sites of tectonic movement, intimately involved in seafloor spreading. This coursebook presents a multidisciplinary approach to the science of mid-ocean ridges – essential for a complete understanding of global tectonics and geodynamics. Designed for graduate and advanced undergraduate students, it will also provide a valuable reference for professionals in relevant fields. Background chapters provide a historical introduction and an overview of research techniques, with succeeding chapters covering the structure of the lithosphere and crust, and volcanic, tectonic and hydrothermal processes. A summary and synthesis chapter recaps essential points to consolidate new learning. Accessible to students and professionals working in marine geology, plate tectonics, geophysics, geodynamics, volcanism and oceanography, this is the ideal introduction to a key global phenomenon.

Seit etwa zwei Dekaden beteiligen sich Industrie und Bauwirtschaft der Bundesre publik Deutschland intensiv an diversen internationalen Offshore-Vorhaben und anderen meerestechnischen Projekten. Die bisherigen Erfolge deutscher Entwick lungen meerestechnischer Konstruktionen sind dabei im internationalen Ver gleich zwar immer noch bescheiden zu nennen, doch bilden hier wirtschaftspoli tische Ausgrenzungen durch Erdoelfoerderlander der westlichen Hemisphare, die auf den Schutz der eigenen Industrie angelegt sind, das entscheidende und nur mit Beharrlichkeit und Geduld zu uberwindende Hindernis auf dem Wege zu einem angemessenen Erfolg, denn das technische Niveau deutscher Entwicklungen ist im internationalen Vergleich als mindestens gleichwertig mit dem konkurrierender Industrienationen zu bewerten. In dieser Situation ist die kontinuierliche Foerderung deutscher Entwicklungen der Meerestechnik, bis hin zu Demonstrationsmodellen meerestechnischer Kon struktionen im grosstechnischen Massstab, durch das Bundesministerium fur Forschung und Technologie hervorzuheben. Mit dieser Foerderung konnte die Leistungsfahigkeit deutscher Technik auch auf dem Spezialgebiet meerestechni scher Konstruktionen sowohl in Industrie und Bauwirtschaft als auch in Forschung und Entwicklung immer wieder eindrucksvoll unter Beweis gestellt werden.

Das Buch dokumentiert umfassende interdisziplinare Forschungsarbeiten, die in einem reprasentativen Teil des Wattenmeers durchgefuhrt wurden. Die Transporte von Wasser und Partikeln wurden gemessen, geloeste und gasfoermige Substanzen erfasst und die Verdriftung von Organismen verfolgt. Die Untersuchungen fanden auf mehreren raumlichen und zeitlichen Skalen statt. Beleuchtet wird nicht nur der Beitrag der wichtigsten Lebensgemeinschaften und Arten zum Stoffaustausch, sondern auch ihre Rolle im Nahrungsnetz des OEkosystems. Die Bilanzierung der Im- und Exporte der untersuchten Wattenmeerbucht gibt Hinweise auf die langfristige Entwicklung. Daraus lassen sich oekologische Prognosen ableiten, die es ermoeglichen, zukunftige Umweltprobleme im Wattenmeer rechtzeitig zu erkennen und Schutzmassnahmen zu treffen.

Originally published in 2004, this is a comprehensive review of the subject of the nature, causes, and consequences of fluid flow in oceanic crust, setting in context much research for the first time. The book begins with a concise review of the relatively brief history of its subject which began shortly after the dawning of plate-tectonic theory. It then describes the nature and important consequences of fluid flow in the sub-seafloor, ending with a summary of how the oceans are affected by the surprisingly rapid exchange of water between the crust and the water column overhead. The accompanying internet material includes a full and easily navigated set of diagrams and captions, references, and photos of research vessels, submersibles, and tools used in marine hydrologic studies. A valuable resource for graduate students and researchers of Earth Sciences and Oceanography.

Fully updated and expanded, this new edition provides students with an accessible introduction to marine chemistry. It highlights geochemical interactions between the ocean, solid earth, atmosphere and climate, enabling students to appreciate the interconnectedness of Earth's processes and systems and elucidates the huge variations in the oceans' chemical environment, from surface waters to deep water. Written in a clear, engaging way, the book provides students in oceanography, marine chemistry and biogeochemistry with the fundamental tools they need for a strong understanding of ocean chemistry. Appendices present information on seawater properties, key equations and constants for calculating oceanographic processes. New to this edition are end-of-chapter problems for students to put theory into practice, summaries to allow easy review of material and a comprehensive glossary. Supporting online resources include solutions to problems and figures from the book.

Recent studies indicate that - due to climate change - the Earth is undergoing rapid changes in all cryospheric components, including polar sea ice shrinkage, mountain glacier recession, thawing permafrost, and diminishing snow cover. This book provides a comprehensive summary of all components of the Earth's cryosphere, reviewing their history, physical and chemical characteristics, geographical distributions, and projected future states. This new edition has been completely updated throughout, and provides state-of-the-art data from GlobSnow-2 CRYOSAT, ICESAT, and GRACE. It includes a comprehensive summary of cryospheric changes in land ice, permafrost, freshwater ice, sea ice, and ice sheets. It discusses the models developed to understand cryosphere processes and predict future changes, including those based on remote sensing, field campaigns, and long-term ground observations. Boasting an extensive bibliography, over 120 figures, and end-of-chapter review questions, it is an ideal resource for students and researchers of the cryosphere.

Marine Structures Engineering is designed to help engineers meet the growing worldwide demand for construction of new ports and the modernization of existing ports and terminals. It provides an authoritative guide to the design, construction, rehabilitation, repair, and maintenance of port and harbor structures. Each chapter is self-contained, allowing readers to access specific information. The Author draws on his extensive experience in offshore structure and port engineering to demonstrate evaluation, rehabilitation, repair, and maintenance of in-service marine structures. Also covered in detail are state-of-the-art approaches to: *marine structures in cold regions, with special attention to the role of ice loads, permafrost, and other ice effects *shiplifts, marine railways, shipways, and dry docks *offshore moorings *floating breakwaters *marinas *structures that protect bridge piers from ship impact. Offering practical information on all aspects of marine structures, this book serves as an indispensable resource to all engineers and professionals involved in design, construction, maintenance, and modernization of ports and harbors.

Coastal and marine ecosystems, some severely degraded, other still pristine, control rich resources of inshore environments and coastal seas of Latin America's Pacific and Atlantic margins. Conflicts between the needs of the region's nations and diminishing revenues and environmental quality have induced awareness of coastal ecological problems and motivated financial support for restoration and management.
The volume provides a competent review on the structure, processes and function of 22 important Latin American coastal marine ecosystems. Each contribution describes the environmental settings, biotic components and structure of the system, considers trophic processes and energy flow, evaluates the modifying influence of natural and human perturbations, and suggests management needs. Although the focus of the book is on basic ecological research, the results have application for coastal managers.

Seit zwanzig Jahren arbeiten Wissenschaftler durch Sammlung von Daten und Entwicklung komplexer Computermodelle an der Vorhersagemoeglichkeit der Klimaentwicklung. Das Buch fuhrt vor allem durch die Darstellung der Klimageschichte der Erde in verstandlicher Form in die Problematik ein. Viele Fragen, die sich mit der zukunftigen Klimaentwicklung befassen, kommen zur Sprache.

In this exciting and innovative textbook, two leading oceanographers bring together the fundamental physics and biology of the coastal ocean in a quantitative but accessible way for undergraduate and graduate students. Shelf sea processes are comprehensively explained from first principles using an integrated approach to oceanography that helps build a clear understanding of how shelf sea physics underpins key biological processes in these environmentally sensitive regions. Using many observational and model examples, worked problems and software tools, the authors explain the range of physical controls on primary biological production and shelf sea ecosystems. Boxes throughout the book present extra detail for each topic and non-mathematical summary points are provided for physics sections, allowing students to develop an intuitive understanding. The book is fully supported by extensive online materials, including worked solutions to end-of-chapter exercises, additional homework/exam problems with solutions and simple MATLAB and FORTRAN models for running simulations.

From prehistoric times to the present, the Ocean has been used as a highway for trade, a source of food and resources, and a space for recreation and military conquest, as well as an inspiration for religion, culture, and the arts. The Ocean Reader charts humans' relationship to the Ocean, which has often been seen as a changeless space without a history. It collects familiar, forgotten, and previously unpublished texts from all corners of the world. Spanning antiquity to the present, the volume's selections cover myriad topics including the slave trade, explorers from China and the Middle East, shipwrecks and castaways, Caribbean and Somali pirates, battles and U-boats, narratives of the Ocean's origins, and the devastating effects of climate change. Containing gems of maritime writing ranging from myth, memoir, poetry, and scientific research to journalism, song lyrics, and scholarly writing, The Ocean Reader is the essential guide for all those wanting to understand the complex and long history of the Ocean that covers over 70 percent of the planet.