Fully updated and expanded, this new edition provides students with an accessible introduction to marine chemistry. It highlights geochemical interactions between the ocean, solid earth, atmosphere and climate, enabling students to appreciate the interconnectedness of Earth's processes and systems and elucidates the huge variations in the oceans' chemical environment, from surface waters to deep water. Written in a clear, engaging way, the book provides students in oceanography, marine chemistry and biogeochemistry with the fundamental tools they need for a strong understanding of ocean chemistry. Appendices present information on seawater properties, key equations and constants for calculating oceanographic processes. New to this edition are end-of-chapter problems for students to put theory into practice, summaries to allow easy review of material and a comprehensive glossary. Supporting online resources include solutions to problems and figures from the book.

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) - blooms that cause fish kills, contaminate seafood with toxins, or cause human or ecological health impacts and harm to local economies - are occurring more often, in more places and lasting longer than in past decades. This expansion is primarily the result of human activities, through increased nutrient inputs and various aspects of climate change. The Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) programme promoted international collaboration to understand HAB population dynamics in various oceanographic regimes and to improve the prediction of HABs. This volume introduces readers to the overarching framework of the GEOHAB programme, factors contributing to the global expansion of harmful algal blooms, the complexities of HABs in different habitats, and the forward-looking issues to be tackled by the next generation of GEOHAB, GlobalHAB. The programme brought together an international team of contributing scientists and ecosystem managers, and its outcomes will greatly benefit the international research community.

This edited book gives a general overview on current research, focusing on geoenvironmental issues and challenges in hydrogeosciences in model regions in Asia, Europe, and America, with a focus on the Middle East and Mediterranean region and surrounding areas. This proceedings book is based on the accepted papers for oral/poster presentations at the 2nd Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-2), Tunisia 2019. It offers a broad range of recent studies that discuss the latest advances in geoenvironmental and hydrogeosciences from diverse backgrounds including climate change, geoecology, biogeochemistry, water resources management, and environmental monitoring and assessment. It shares insights on how the understanding of ecological, climatological, oceanic and hydrological processes is the key for improving practices in environment management, including the eco-responsibility, scientific integrity, and social and ethical dimensions. It is of interest to scientists, engineers, practitioners, and policymakers in the field of environmental sciences including climatology, oceanography, ecology, biogeochemistry, environmental management, hydrology, hydrogeology, and geosciences in general. In particular, this book is of great value to students and environment-related professionals for further investigations on the state of Earth systems.

This open access book is based on the research outputs of China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED) in 2021. It covers major topics of Chinese and international attention regarding green development, such as climate, biodiversity, ocean, BRI, urbanization, sustainable production and consumption, technology, finance, value chain, and related topics. It also reviews the progress of China‘s environmental and development policies and the impacts from CCICED. This is a highly informative and carefully presented book, providing insight for policy makers in environmental issues.

In the history of humankind, the sea has always played a key role as a privileged medium for communication, commerce and contact among population centers. It constitutes an essential ecosystem, and an invaluable reservoir and source of food for all living beings. Therefore, its heath is a critical challenge for the survival of all humanity, particularly as one the most important environmental components targeted by global warming. Measuring and monitoring techniques are key tools for managing the marine environment and for supporting the Blue Economy. With this perspective, a series of annual international events, entitled Metrology for the Sea (MetroSea for short) was begun in 2017. Their increasing success inspired this book, which provides an anthology of tutorials dealing with a representative selection of topics of concern to a broad readership. The book covers two broad application areas, marine hydrography and meteorology, and then deals with instrumentation for measurement at sea. Typical metrological issues such as calibration and traceability, are considered, for both physical and chemical quantities. Key techniques, such as underwater acoustic investigation, remote sensing, measurement of waves and monitoring networks, are treated alongside marine geology and the monitoring of animal species. Economic and legal aspects of metrology for navigation are also discussed. Such an unparalleled wide vision of measurement for the sea will be of interest to a broad audience of scientists, engineers, economists, and their students.

This book is a sequel to 'Deep-Sea Mining: Resource Potential, Technical and Environmental Considerations' (2017) and 'Environmental Issues of Deep-Sea Mining: Impacts, Consequences and Policy Perspectives' (2019), and aims to provide a comprehensive volume on different perspectives of deep-sea mining from specialists around the world. The work is timely, as deep-sea minerals continue to enthuse researchers involved in activities such as ascertaining their potential as alternative sources for critical metals for green energy and other industrial applications, as well as technology development for their sustainable exploration and exploitation, while addressing environmental concerns. With a steady increase in the number of contractors having exclusive rights over large tracts of seafloor in the 'Area', i.e. area beyond national jurisdictions, the International Seabed Authority, mandated with the responsibility of regulating such activities, is in the process of developing a code for exploitation of deep-sea minerals. These, coupled with growing interest among private entrepreneurs, investment companies and policy makers, underscore the need for updated information to be made available in one place on the subject of deep-sea mining. The book evaluates the potential and sustainability of mining for deep-sea minerals compared to other land-based deposits, the technologies needed for mining and processing of ores, the approach towards environmental monitoring and management, as well as the regulatory frameworks and legal challenges to manage deep-sea mining activities. The book is expected to serve as an important reference for all stakeholders including researchers, contractors, mining companies, regulators and NGOs involved in deep-sea mining.

The benthic boundary layer is of considerable interest to geochemists, sedimentologists, biologists, and engineers. This book of original chapters edited by leading reseachers in the field provides an ideal reference on measurments, techniques, and models for transport and biochemical processes in the benthic boundary layer. Each chapter provides a comprehensive review of a selected field, with illustrated examples from the authors own work.

This auto-translation book overviews the fish population and its research methods, help readers in understanding the concept of fish population and population identification. It divides into seven chapters according to the characteristics of the subject and the development results. Based on a systematic introduction to the basic concepts and research contents of the biology of fishery resources, the book focuses on the introduction of fish populations and research methods, life history division and early development identification, age identification and growth research, the division of sexual maturity, the determination of reproductive habits and fecundity, feeding characteristics and research methods of fish, and the mechanism of fish colony and migration. Through the study of this course, we can master the basic theory and methods of fish biology research and lay a solid foundation for future researches on fishery resources. This book can be used as a reference book for undergraduates and postgraduates who study fishery resources, as well as for those who are engaged in fishery and marine research. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.

In this exciting and innovative textbook, two leading oceanographers bring together the fundamental physics and biology of the coastal ocean in a quantitative but accessible way for undergraduate and graduate students. Shelf sea processes are comprehensively explained from first principles using an integrated approach to oceanography that helps build a clear understanding of how shelf sea physics underpins key biological processes in these environmentally sensitive regions. Using many observational and model examples, worked problems and software tools, the authors explain the range of physical controls on primary biological production and shelf sea ecosystems. Boxes throughout the book present extra detail for each topic and non-mathematical summary points are provided for physics sections, allowing students to develop an intuitive understanding. The book is fully supported by extensive online materials, including worked solutions to end-of-chapter exercises, additional homework/exam problems with solutions and simple MATLAB and FORTRAN models for running simulations.

In this exciting and innovative textbook, two leading oceanographers bring together the fundamental physics and biology of the coastal ocean in a quantitative but accessible way for undergraduate and graduate students. Shelf sea processes are comprehensively explained from first principles using an integrated approach to oceanography that helps build a clear understanding of how shelf sea physics underpins key biological processes in these environmentally sensitive regions. Using many observational and model examples, worked problems and software tools, the authors explain the range of physical controls on primary biological production and shelf sea ecosystems. Boxes throughout the book present extra detail for each topic and non-mathematical summary points are provided for physics sections, allowing students to develop an intuitive understanding. The book is fully supported by extensive online materials, including worked solutions to end-of-chapter exercises, additional homework/exam problems with solutions and simple MATLAB and FORTRAN models for running simulations.

The oceans cover 71% of the planet, and pose a myriad of hazards to everyone from blue-water sailors to the casual beachcomber. From rip tides to rogue waves, the possibilities for some water-borne calamity seem endless, but in most cases a deadly outcome can be avoided or at least mitigated by having a better understanding of the risks involved. This book presents cautionary tales of the most dangerous aspects of oceans encounters, including hazardous sea life such as sharks and rays, the power of the tides, and high seas that can engulf an entire fleet of naval vessels. In each case the author provides actual examples of various ocean phenomena and the people who either survive or succumb to them, from competitive big-wave surfers to the passengers and crew of the ocean liner Queen Elizabeth 2, severely damaged by a 95-foot wave that seemed to come out of nowhere in the middle of the night. The author also addresses several well-known maritime disasters and their causes, as well as such phenomena as the so-called Bermuda Triangle. Above all, The Ominous Oceans seeks t provide a better understanding of the perilous seas, so that we will be better prepared before taking that swim or venturing off to places unknown.

It is now widely recognized that the climate system is governed by nonlinear, multi-scale processes, whereby memory effects and stochastic forcing by fast processes, such as weather and convective systems, can induce regime behavior. Motivated by present difficulties in understanding the climate system and to aid the improvement of numerical weather and climate models, this book gathers contributions from mathematics, physics and climate science to highlight the latest developments and current research questions in nonlinear and stochastic climate dynamics. Leading researchers discuss some of the most challenging and exciting areas of research in the mathematical geosciences, such as the theory of tipping points and of extreme events including spatial extremes, climate networks, data assimilation and dynamical systems. This book provides graduate students and researchers with a broad overview of the physical climate system and introduces powerful data analysis and modeling methods for climate scientists and applied mathematicians.

This book focuses on autonomous marine vessel systems and control approaches. In particular, it mainly contains modeling, analysis and control design methodologies for covert stabilization control, trajectory tracking control, and cooperative formation control of AMVs. The comprehensive and systematic treatment of practical issues in autonomous marine vessel systems is one of the book's significant features, particularly suited for readers interested in learning control problems in AMV and other related topic areas like mobile robots and vehicles. The book can benefit researchers, engineers, and graduate students in mathematical skills, methodologies, and algorithms needed in the analysis and control design for tracking and stabilization, cooperative control of surface vessels and underwater vehicles. Through the book, readers can have a deeper understanding of such fields.

One of the most familiar phenomena on the planet, water waves remain an elusive question for science. The way in which wind blows over water and causes waves is a very active area of research for applied mathematicians, as well as for oceanographers and engineers. The basic mechanisms are still a matter of controversy, although the use of modern techniques of asymptotic and non-linear analysis and large-scale computation, as well as experimental structures, are beginning to reveal the underlying mechanics. These studies are resulting in increasingly powerful methods of forecasting waves and of gauging and controlling their effects on such things as sediment, pollution, and offshore structures. This volume covers the wide range of current research on the relationship between wind and waves and includes contributions from many of the leading authorities in the field.

This volume provides researchers, students, practising engineers and managers access to knowledge, practical formulae and new hypotheses for the dynamics, mixing, sediment regimes and morphological evolution in estuaries. The objectives are to explain the underlying governing processes and synthesise these into descriptive formulae which can be used to guide the future development of any estuary. Each chapter focuses on different physical aspects of the estuarine system - identifying key research questions, outlining theoretical, modeling and observational approaches, and highlighting the essential quantitative results. This allows readers to compare and interpret different estuaries around the world, and develop monitoring and modeling strategies for short-term management issues and for longer-term problems, such as global climate change. The book is written for researchers and students in physical oceanography and estuarine engineering, and serves as a valuable reference and source of ideas for professional research, engineering and management communities concerned with estuaries.

This advanced textbook on modeling, data analysis and numerical techniques for marine science has been developed from a course taught by the authors for many years at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. The first part covers statistics: singular value decomposition, error propagation, least squares regression, principal component analysis, time series analysis and objective interpolation. The second part deals with modeling techniques: finite differences, stability analysis and optimization. The third part describes case studies of actual ocean models of ever increasing dimensionality and complexity, starting with zero-dimensional models and finishing with three-dimensional general circulation models. Throughout the book hands-on computational examples are introduced using the MATLAB programming language and the principles of scientific visualization are emphasised. Ideal as a textbook for advanced students of oceanography on courses in data analysis and numerical modeling, the book is also an invaluable resource for a broad range of scientists undertaking modeling in chemical, biological, geological and physical oceanography.

This book contains a collection of papers from the special issue on the global perspective on meteotsunami science, published in Vol. 106 (2) of the journal Natural Hazards. By topic, the contributions are covering overview studies, case studies of actual events, introduction of new insights into meteotsunami modelling, new techniques in meteotsunami monitoring and detection, and those describing meteotsunami operational and forecast systems. More than half of all papers describe specific meteotsunami events observed in most of the world ocean basins, some others at a rudimentary level recall previous extreme episodes, while several papers contain thorough analysis of either atmospheric conditions or oceanic sea-level response. The book is intended for specialists in oceanography and atmospheric sciences, tsunami and fluid dynamics scientists, climatologists, coastal hazard agencies and managers, ocean engineers and many others, including students and science policy-makers, in particular in the regions affected by this potentially destructive coastal hazard. The chapters "Proudman resonance with tides, bathymetry and variable atmospheric forcings", "Long wave generation and coastal amplification due to propagating atmospheric pressure disturbances", "On the potential of ensemble forecasting for the prediction of meteotsunamis in the Balearic Islands: sensitivity to atmospheric model parameterizations", and "Combined hazard of typhoon-generated meteorological tsunamis and storm surges along the coast of Japan" are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com. Previously published in Natural Hazards, Volume 106, Issue 2, 2021

This book corresponds to the fourth volume of the series focused on Processes in GeoMedia and their research on the dynamic of natural systems - geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and their interactions-, the human contribution to naturally occurring processes are among the most urgent and essential scientific problems. The widespread introduction of computer technology has allowed calculating complex phenomena, previously unavailable for analysis. The creation and improvement of a new generation of geophysical instruments, remote observing systems based on the ship, aircraft, and satellite allow obtaining a large amount of data to reflect the broad picture of the processes objectively. The articles included in this book also reflect a critical position in laboratory modeling of research in geo-environments and testing.

This textbook covers all related communication technologies of underwater wireless communication, such as acoustic communication, optical communication, and magneto-inductive communication. After describing each technology, the authors relay their pros and cons, as it is essential to learn the underlying mechanism, advancements, and limitations of these techniques. Therefore, this book provides basics fundamentals of the three technologies, their advantages and disadvantages, and their applications. The authors also introduce research trends, pointing readers in the direction of research in the field of underwater wireless communication. The book is an essential textbook for undergraduate and graduate students in the field of underwater communications. The book is also useful as a reference to undergraduate engineering students, science students, and practicing engineers. The book includes end-of-chapter questions and numerical problems.

This book demonstrates various types of deepwater risers with different motion equations and boundary conditions depending on their different structural configurations. It also discusses the hydrodynamic analysis methods of different deepwater risers. It provides new force and structure models in time and frequency domains of vortex induced force, including that for a downstream riser of the tandem riser, and the rigid oscillating model for steel catenary riser. The highlights of this book are the analysis methods of the rigid oscillating mode of steel catenary riser and the coupling iteration for top-tensioned riser with pipe-in-pipe configuration. This book is interesting and useful to a wide readership in the various fields of ocean engineering and offshore oil & gas development.

This book contains the most recent progress in data assimilation in meteorology, oceanography and hydrology including land surface. It spans both theoretical and applicative aspects with various methodologies such as variational, Kalman filter, ensemble, Monte Carlo and artificial intelligence methods. Besides data assimilation, other important topics are also covered including adaptive observations, sensitivity analysis, parameter estimation and AI applications. The book is useful to individual researchers as well as graduate students for a reference in the field of data assimilation.

The Discovery of the calcareous Ioffe Drift in the SW Atlantic in 2010 opens new perspectives in the contourite theory. Although demonstrating similar behavior relative to bottom water dynamics, rather rare and poorly studied calcareous contourites differ from their terrigenous analogs in origin, grain-size distribution, chemical and mineral composition of sedimentary particles. The detailed multidisciplinary study of the Ioffe Drift produces new knowledge on biogenic contourites deposited in pelagic realm, in conditions of low biological productivity and terrigenous material supply, under the influence of the Antarctic Bottom Water flow from the Vema Channel. The major intervals of prevailing erosion are inferred on the drift from 2.51/2.59 to 1.9 Ma and from 1.6 to 0.81 Ma thus indicating strong paleoceanographic changes most likely associated with the reorganization of deep-sea circulation and increased bottom water production in the Southern Ocean during the Early Pleistocene and, in particular, around the Mid-Pleistocene Transition.

Located between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and between the Asian and Australian continents, the seas of the Indonesian Archipelago have a significant role in global weather patterns and oceanic circulation. The dynamic interplay between geological, physical, chemical, and biological processes, past and present, has given rise to one of the most diverse marine regions on the planet. The exceptional marine and coastal ecosystem diversity of the Indonesian archipelago provides hundreds of habitats that support thousands of species. This treasure trove of marine biodiversity has sustained the people of the archipelago for thousands of years. Population growth and socio-economic development place many of these resources at increasing risk of overexploitation. Using maps and numerous illustrations, The Ecology of the Indonesian Seas describes the complex and ecologically vulnerable coastal and marine ecosystems of the region in rich detail. Discussion of development, resource use and ecologically sustainable management plans is also incorporated. The first step towards sustainable use of marine and coastal resources, this book will be a valuable tool for ecologists, marine biologists, resource managers, government planners, and all those with an interest in the ecology of the region. Bound in two parts, of which this is the first, this book is part of The Ecology of Indonesia series.

Located between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and between the Asian and Australian continents, the seas of the Indonesian Archipelago have a significant role in global weather patterns and oceanic circulation. The dynamic interplay between geological, physical, chemical, and biological processes, past and present, has given rise to one of the most diverse marine regions on the planet. The exceptional marine and coastal ecosystem diversity of the Indonesian archipelago provides hundreds of habitats that support thousands of species. This treasure-trove of marine biodiversity has sustained the people of the archipelago for thousands of years. Population growth and socio-economic development place many of these resources at increasing risk of overexploitation. Using maps and numerous illustrations, The Ecology of the Indonesian Seas describes the complex and ecologically vulnerable coastal and marine ecosystems of the region in rich detail. Discussion of development, resource use and ecologically sustainable management plans is also incorporated. The first step towards sustainable use of marine and coastal resources, this book will be a valuable tool for ecologists, marine biologists, resource managers, government planners, and all those with an interest in the ecology of the region. Bound in two parts, of which this is the second, The Ecology of the Indonesian Seas is part of The Ecology of Indonesia Series.

This book introduces a mathematical theory for the interaction of oceanic surface gravity waves and oceanic currents. This theory is formulated using the quasi-linear approximation for a uniform density fluid with a free surface and it provides wave-averaged expressions for the wave amplitudes and for the dynamical evolution of the currents. The surface gravity wave-current interaction theory is a more complete theory than previous with respect to an asymptotic expansion in the small parameter V/C, where V is a current speed and C is a wave speed. This book also illustrates the formal theory with several examples, and the path for its implementation in more realistic wave and circulation models is envisioned. This book is appealing to oceanic research scientists and mathematicians interested in geophysical fluid dynamics.