Retinopathy of prematurity is a disease caused by abnormal vessel regression of the retinal vasculature that affects premature infants with low birth weights. Despite significant improvements in screening guidelines and treatment modalties, ROP is still the leading cause of reversible paediatric blindness worldwide. The authors of this book explore the possibility of applying the concept of fractal analysis to images of retinal blood vessels for morphometric analysis and classification; the quality of life for children with retinopathy of prematurity; the differences in ethnicity and socioeconomic status that influence the prevalence, risks, outcome and management of ROP; the outcome and prognostic factors of the intravitreal administration of bevacizumab for ROP; the outcomes of transpupillary diode laser photocoagulation for ROP; new therapeutic strategies for treating ROP and late complications that can develop and persistent into later childhood and even adult life (for example, long-term refractive errors, amblyopia, strabismus and optic nerve abnormalities).

This book is for people with glaucoma and their families and friends. It provides information about open-angle glaucoma, the most common form of glaucoma. This book is also for individuals with cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. It answers questions about the causes and symptoms of these diseases and discusses diagnosis and types of treatments available.

Macular edema is a serious eye disorder that can be seen in many conditions. Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) are frequent causes of decreased central visual acuity (VA) related to the appearance of macular edema (ME) and ischemia. This book discusses the risk factors, treatment options and long-term outcomes of macular edema. Some of the topics discussed include the management of diabetic macular edema; management of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occulsion by intravitreal bevacizumab; and macular edema in important tropical infections.

Myopia is a common ocular condition affecting approximately 1.6 billion people worldwide. An increasing trend of myopia has been observed throughout the world and the prevalence of myopia is expected to increase to 2.5 billion by the year 2020. This book focuses on definition, mechanisms, optics, refraction, clinical presentation, complications and management of myopia in regards of recent advances. Myopia (nearsightedness) is a refractive error (ametropia) that occurs when parallel rays of light entering the non-accommodating eye are not focused on the retina. As a result, images of distant objects are focused in front of the retina and thus appear blurred. Myopia is the most common eyesight problem in the world and is often mild and there are no serious problems. However, it may sometimes lead to blindness. Myopia can be corrected with spherical lenses, contact lenses or with refractive surgery. The book gives an overview of myopia from definition, etiology to surgical treatment. Contents are based on recent findings published in the medical literature and reflect the most advanced achievements in current clinical and experimental research on myopia. This book presents relevant information that students, optometrists, orthoptists, ophthalmologists as well as scientists involved in clinical and basic research on myopia need to know about this important topic.

This book is a comprehensive account of the most recent developments in modern ophthalmic optics. It makes use of the powerful matrix formalism to describe curvature and power, providing a unified view of the optical and geometrical properties of lenses. This unified approach is applicable to the design and properties of not only spectacle lenses, but also contact and intraocular lenses (IOL). The newest developments in lens design, manufacturing and testing are discussed, with an emphasis on the description of free-form technology, which has surpassed traditional manufacturing methods and allows digital lenses to be specifically designed with the unique requirements of the user. Other important topics which are covered include modern lens materials, up-to-date lens measuring techniques, contact and intraocular lenses, progressive power lenses, low vision aids, ocular protection and coatings. Providing a broad overview of recent developments in the field, it is ideal for researchers, manufacturers and practitioners involved in ophthalmic optics.

This series presents original leading edge results in the field of eye research. The focus in this compilation is on the anatomy of the cornea as well as the causes, symptoms and treatments for uveitis. Topics discussed include conjunctival-limbal autografts; gene therapy for corneal diseases; uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis; retinal vasculitis in rheumatic disease; Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease and the clinical and immunopathological highlights of non-infectious uveitis.

This book presents important research advances in the study of eye research, as well as eye cancer research, retinal degeneration, macular degeneration, optics research, optic nerve disease and visual perception. Topics discussed herein include antioxidants in age-related macular degeneration; ocular coloboma; melatonin in retinal pathophysiology; ocular birth defects; advances in retinoblastoma; optical design techniques in current eye models; optical nerve injury and regeneration; progressive retinal dystrophies; molecular genetics of macular degeneration; and challenges in visual perception.

Dry eye syndrome is a common disease of tear film and ocular surface developed in numerous aetiologies. Tear film instability and ocular surface disturbances that subsequently influence the tear film are among the primarily causes of this disease, but many other factors are involved in tear film disorders. Although eye surface is easily reached by classical ocular dosage forms, novel drug delivery systems for ocular administration offer advantages in terms of increased residence time on eye surface and/or controlled release of the drug, with enhanced therapeutic effectiveness. This book provides an overview on the potential benefits and limitations in dry eye syndrome management and reported successful formulations.

Novel strategies for ocular anti-inflammatory therapies are extensively being investigated to increase drug bioavailability and decrease adverse side effects of common treatments. Colloidal carriers based on lipid materials are becoming a suitable alternative due to several advantages, including solubilisation of hydrophobic/lipophilic anti-inflammatory drugs followed by bioavailability enhancement, modification of pharmacokinetic parameters, and protection of sensitive drugs from physical, chemical or biological degradation. This book presents and discusses data on the improvements being made in regards to novel drug delivery systems.

This third edition of Visual Fields: Examination and Interpretation contains revisions and updates of earlier material as well as a discussion of newer techniques for assessing visual field disorders. The book begins with a short history of the field of perimetry and goes on to present basic clinical aspects of examination and diagnosis of visual field defects in the optic nerve, optic disc, chorioretina, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate field bodies, and the calcarine complex. Additional aspects of visual field examination are explored including those of monocular, binocular, and junctional field defects, congruity vs. incongruity, macular sparing vs. macular splitting, density, wedge-shaped homonymous field loss, and monocular temporal crescent. Various new techniques of automated perimetry are also considered including SITA, FASTPAC, and SWAP. In all, this volume provides a very useful overview of the techniques, both old and new, of visual field examination in a multiplicity of eye disorders and as such will be of interest to all ophthalmologists, neuro-opthalmologists, retina specialists, and optomestrist.

Thoroughly revised and updated, this popular book provides a comprehensive yet easy to read guide to modern contact lens practice. Beautifully re-designed in a clean, contemporary layout, this second edition presents relevant and up-to-date information in a systematic manner, with a logical flow of subject matter from front to back.

This book wonderfully captures the 'middle ground' in the contact lens field . somewhere between a dense research-based tome and a basic fitting guide. As such, it is ideally suited for both students and general eye care practitioners who require a practical, accessible and uncluttered account of the contact lens field.

Through eight outstanding editions, Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology has been the classic specialty textbook, providing the perfect ophthalmology foundation for trainees and a valuable reference source for experienced practitioners. Building on the previous edition by Dr. Brad Bowling, Dr. John Salmon from Oxford University has comprehensively revised the textbook. The 9th Edition retains Dr. Kanski's highly effective format of succinct text and visually dynamic presentation, providing authoritative, focused guidance on the diagnosis and management of ophthalmic disorders. Extremely well organized and comprehensive in scope, this visually stunning book reflects the latest advances in the field, facilitating quick comprehension to enhance learning, aid exam preparation and guide clinical practice. As a general ophthalmic textbook, this is the gold standard. Uses targeted text, bulleted lists, tables, and visual aids to highlight salient points across all ophthalmology subspecialties. Includes 2,600 illustrations, including more than 1,000 new images of common and rare conditions and arrows to show the exact pathology. Features detailed updates on new therapeutic interventions for neurological disease and ocular tumours; new imaging techniques such as OCT, OCT angiography, and MRI; and new topics such as circadian rhythms, graft vs host disease and the effects of Ebola virus infection on the eye. Presents examination techniques in a new, separate chapter and contains new "tips" on key issues in every chapter. Provides up-to-date information on hot topics such as intravitreal treatment with anti-VEGF agents for macular disease, genetic advances in hereditary retinal dystrophies, the use of biological agents in the treatment of uveitis and scleritis and new surgical advances such as MIGS for glaucoma and limbal stem cell grafting. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Totally updated and revised, and now containing a second colour throughout, this essential practical manual and CD-ROM continues to provide optometry students and practitioners with an accessible, clinical manual to all aspects of contact lens fitting and contact lens client care. All the features that have made this text such a popular bestselling book have been retained, including the bullet point format, clinical pearls, warning notices and its individual down-to-earth practical approach. Truly a compulsory purchase for all optometrists, dispensing opticians and contact lens practitioners. If you only every buy one contact lens book, make sure it is this one!

This fourth volume in the series Lectures in Optics provides comprehensive coverage of Visual Optics, which is the field of optics as applied to the function of the eye, a magnificent and highly complicated optical system. The optics part of vision in a 'well-performing' eye pertains to the effects responsible for formation and initial detection of the retinal image-the picture of the world as it is projected onto the photosensitive layer of the eye, the retina. The book presents the necessary concepts and definitions that explain retinal image properties, including aspects such as visual acuity and color perception. It discusses the optics of the eye in the presence of refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, certain limitations to vision such as accommodation and near vision, and effects of aging on vision such as presbyopia and low vision. Finally, chapters devoted to ophthalmic optics and prismatic effects provide in-depth coverage of the optics involved in the correction of refractive vision disorders.

In the last few years there have been many papers in vision science journals about visual factors in dyslexia, but these findings have not been widely disseminated to the professionals who care for people with dyslexia. Dyslexia and Vision aims to provide a straightforward summary of work in this field for teachers, educational psychologists, child psychologists, and paediatricians. The primary purpose of the book is to provide these professionals with the information they need in order to offer balanced, insightful advice for people in their care. Eyecare professionals themselves are often bewildered by the plethora of claims and anecdotes in this field. A secondary purpose of the book is to provide, in appendices, a balanced "evidence-based" review of the literature for eyecare professionals.

Selected as a Doody's Core Title for 2022! This second comprehensive edition of Visual Development, Diagnosis, and Treatment of the Pediatric Patient combines basic concepts of vision development with clinical diagnosis and treatment of vision disorders in infants, toddlers, children, and adolescents. Heavily updated, with new sections on timely issues and topics, the book is ideal for anyone who needs to know the practical aspects of evaluation and care of pediatric patients. Contains brand-new chapters on special needs patients, assessment and anomalies of neurological function, electrodiagnostics, and sports & environmental vision. Now with four-color procedural images and line drawings. Covers both normal visual development as well as diagnosis, treatment, and management of common pediatric disorders. Contributions from 25 highly experienced clinicians in active practice. Not just for practicing or future optometrists; content on ocular tracking and fixing and eye/hand coordination is perfect for occupational, physical, and speech therapists. Enrich Your Ebook Reading Experience Read directly on your preferred device(s), such as computer, tablet, or smartphone. Easily convert to audiobook, powering your content with natural language text-to-speech.

It is well-known that the most common and largely used assistive technology among the visually impaired community is the white cane. Many technologies have been proposed as alternative assistive devices to improve the autonomous mobility of people affected by visual diseases. Nevertheless, whatever is the physical quantity used by these active assistive technologies - mainly ultrasonic or optical sensors - they present many limitations and none of them adequately meets the international guidelines defined for the electronic travel aids and the specific requests coming from the visually impaired community. The first chapter of this book aims to provide an overview of the existing travel aids for people affected by visual diseases, discussing pros and cons of available technologies. The aim of the next chapter is to convince the reader that solutions based on mobile visual aid systems will answer a critical societal challenge. Chapter Three explores the use of electromagnetic technology in support of visually impaired athlete runners. Chapter Four describes the present state of mobile technologies development taking into consideration the point of view of visually impaired people. Finally, the goal of the concluding chapter is to relate how the audio-description has been produced as a communication accessibility resource.

Selected as a Doody's Core Title for 2022! The first new edition of Clinical Management of Binocular Vision in five years has been updated-across all chapters-with new guidelines and protocols based on the latest research in the field. You'll learn how to perform current, clinically accurate assessments, diagnoses, and therapies for a wide range of conditions. Each disorder is tackled in detail, touching on common symptoms, instrumentation, available treatment options, and more. New for this edition: 49 videos demonstrating proper diagnostic techniques and therapeutic procedures. Now with new information on concussion-related vision disorders. Enhanced guidelines for management of developing refractive error, including detailed description of preventative treatments for myopia. Formatted for easy reading, with succinct and bulleted text, numerous figures and illustrations, and step-by-step instructions. True-to-life case studies help you apply what you've read in a real-world clinical setting. Ideal for faculty, students who are new to the field, and veteran optometrists who need a refresh or easily accessible quick-reference. Enrich Your Ebook Reading Experience Read directly on your preferred device(s),such as computer, tablet, or smartphone. Easily convert to audiobook,powering your content with natural language text-to-speech.

Well organized and easy to read, Clinical Procedures in Primary Eye Care, 5th Edition, takes an accessible, step-by-step approach to describing the commonly used primary care procedures that facilitate accurate diagnosis and effective patient management. This practical, clinically-focused text offers succinct descriptions of today's most frequently encountered optometric techniques supported by research-based evidence. You'll find essential instructions for mastering the procedures you need to know, including recent technical advances in the field. Discusses technical advances that are dramatically altering optometry: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and ultra-wide field imaging (optomaps). Presents outstanding new digital images of OCT cases and optomaps for a wide variety of conditions of the central and peripheral retina. Focuses on evidence-based optometry; all procedures include a section that reviews when and how the procedure should be measured and uses clinical wisdom in addition to research-based evidence. Presents new digital images of normal variations of the eye - crucial visual support for understanding what is normal and what is disease. Helps you clearly visualize procedures and eye disorders through full-color photographs, diagrams, and video clips. Provides fully revised print on dry eye assessment based on the latest international Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) guidelines. Features coverage of changes in the eye due to high myopia, and expounds the need for myopia control techniques. Offers extensive material online to enhance learning: video clips, interactive testing sections, additional photographs, and more. Expert ConsultT eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

In this book, the authors present current research in the study of eye movement, with a focus on developmental perspectives, dysfunctions, and disorders in humans. Topics discussed in this compilation include the formation of spiralling or circulating patterns in eye movement trajectories; utilising dialectical behaviour therapy and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing as phase-based trauma treatment; eye movement problems and differential diagnosis of Parkinsonian syndromes; developmental dyslexia, visual crowding and eye movements; gaze behaviour during human adaptive locomotion; and poor binocular co-ordination of saccades during reading in children with visual deficits.

This book is a collection of relevant topics dealing with recent advances in ophthalmology research. The selected review studies present novel investigation and prospects in ophthalmology concerning ocular stem cells, neurodegeneration, immunology, angiogenesis treatment, and ocular blood flow. All the chapters are written by experts in the selected fields. Discussed topics include novel treatment strategies for major causes of blindness such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusions. In particular, the pharmacokinetic behaviours of the available anti-VEGF medications and their characteristics in conjunction with mathematical modelling used to explain the results seen in clinical trials and to predict the responses in still untested circumstances; and the specifics of the ocular vascular system and an overview of the currently used methods of ocular blood flow are reviewed. Novel applications and technology in ocular circulatory research are addressed; correlation of the pathogenetic mechanisms of two relevant neurodegenerative diseases glaucoma and Alzheimer's disease; the possible link in the context of the axon, dendrite, and synapse and the idea of compartmentalised degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma is discussed; the promoters of innate immunity of the ocular surface is presented in context of dry eye syndrome; and the different aspects of stem cell use in treating ocular diseases, including ongoing research efforts and future prospects. This collection is intended for ophthalmologists, as well as for medical doctors from other specialities and medical students who have interest in the field of ophthalmology. The information presented in this book has both scientific and clinical relevance for the reader. This book has been conceived and prepared with the expectation that it would add new insights and inspiration for clinicians and researchers who deal with patients suffering from ophthalmic diseases.

Subtitled Natural Medicine for Self-Healing, this book is an encyclopedic study guide, a download of the compiled research and experience of an eye doctor with thirty years experience on the front lines of holistic medicine. Dr. Swartwout has even included specific remedy and source suggestions in this heavily expanded third edition. In depth coverage has been added of multiple areas that will be of interest to the inquiring clinician and even clinical researchers will find new perspectives worthy of investigation. The book draws on an extremely wide range of effective therapies from around the world including European Biological Medicine. Detailed coverage is now included on reversing AGE (Advanced Glycation Endproducts) as well as an eye opening perspective on antioxidants, a section on Excitotoxins, and some discussion of Dr. Swartwout's 5 Phases of Health model based on Bioelectronics of Vincent that measures the parameters necessary to both quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate biological energy (in microwatts) in a fluid milieu. Those factors boil down to protons, electrons and photons in the author's penetrating insight into biophysics. Without oversimplifying anything, the discussion is aimed at supporting those patients and practitioners who are serious about discovering what may be possible in the realm of actually healing the pathophysiology of glaucoma. "This book is a great contribution to the emerging paradigm of 21st century vision care. It provides a thorough review of many healing modalities in order to help a person's eye, body and soul heal the condition of glaucoma... A must for any patient or professional working with this condition. Dr. Swartwout is a pioneer in helping to regenerate our precious gift of sight." - Marc Grossman, O.D., L.Ac., co-author of Greater Vision and co-author of Natural Eye Care

Glaucoma is an eye disorder in which the optic nerve suffers damage, permanently damaging vision in the affected eye(s) and progressing to complete blindness if untreated. It is often, but not always, associated with increased pressure of the fluid in the eye. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the aetiology, pathogenesis and treatments of glaucoma. Topics discussed in this compilation include medical treatment in chronic open-angle glaucoma; melatonin as a therapeutic resource for the management of glaucoma; ocular tissue changes and glaucoma treatment; secondary uveitic glaucoma; selective laser trabeculoplasty and parasurgical treatment of glaucoma.

This book presents topical research in the study of macular degeneration, including the correlation of phenotype and genotype in age-related macular degeneration; role of anti-VEGF therapies in neovascular AMD; the biochemical and genetic studies that support the treatment of the pathogenic retina and ocular blood flow in degenerative myopia.

Conjunctivitis (commonly called "pink eye" or "Madras eye" is an inflammation of the conjunctiva (the outermost layer of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids), most commonly due to an allergic reaction or an infection (usually viral, but sometimes bacterial). In this book, the authors discuss allergic disorders of the conjunctiva as well as novel drug delivery approaches in dry eye syndrome therapy. Allergic contact conjunctivitis caused by ophthalmic preparations is explored and examined also are the clinical signs of conjunctivitis.