Totally updated and revised, and now containing a second colour throughout, this essential practical manual and CD-ROM continues to provide optometry students and practitioners with an accessible, clinical manual to all aspects of contact lens fitting and contact lens client care. All the features that have made this text such a popular bestselling book have been retained, including the bullet point format, clinical pearls, warning notices and its individual down-to-earth practical approach. Truly a compulsory purchase for all optometrists, dispensing opticians and contact lens practitioners. If you only every buy one contact lens book, make sure it is this one!

From a renowned author team comes a clinically oriented approach to the introductor study of binocular vision. Essential reading for second-year optometry students, this vital core text covers testing procedures, diagnostic issues, and treatment modalities in preparation for more advanced clinical work. Key points to remember for national board exams are highlighted and discussions of clinical applications and procedures abound in every chapter.

Low Vision is organised for quick and easy reference with sections on definitions of the condition and its causes, magnification and other strategies for improving performance, and clinical procedures used in the assessment of vision and prescribing of aids. The theoretical background to aids and strategies employed is given in detail but there is also abundant practical advice and an indication of the way in which the optometrist's role is integrated with that of other professionals dealing with low-vision patients. It will be of interest to dispensing opticians, orthoptists and rehabilitation workers who also come into contact with this patient group.Details the theoretical background to aids used and strategies employed Contains a wealth of practical advice Explains how the optometrists works with other health care professionals to provide complete care

Vision therapy techniques can correct not only visual problems, but also cognitive, emotional and physical difficulties. Based on the pioneering work of Dr Melvin Kaplan, this research-based book explains the basis of vision therapy, who it can help, and the outcomes it can bring. Visual perceptual problems can cause an array of difficulties, from reading and writing, to issues with balance, clumsiness, and tunnel vision. Severe symptoms can lead to a diagnosis of anxiety, depression, learning disability or even autism. In this groundbreaking book, Dr Kaplan shows how these symptoms point to interventions that change the way that the eyes process information, permanently counteracting visual deficits and impacting on behaviour. Case studies demonstrate how to plan and implement visual management programs according to a patient's symptoms, illustrating the wide range of life-changing results that vision therapy can achieve for people of all ages, regardless of severity of symptoms. Dr Kaplan also shares his expert knowledge of ambient yoked prisms - a tool that transforms light to alter visual stimulation, dramatically transforming perception and cognition. This accessible book presents readers - including parents and families, clinicians, and other professionals working with individuals with visual perception problems - with a comprehensive introduction to the benefits and methods of vision therapy.

Dyslexia affects about 10% of all children and is a potent cause of loss of self-confidence, personal and family misery, and waste of potential. Although the dominant view is that it is caused by specifically linguistic/phonological weakness, recent research within the field of neuroscience has shown that it is associated wtih visual processing problems as well. These discoveries have led to a resurgence in visual methods of treatment, which have shown promising results. 'Visual aspects of dyslexia' brings together cutting edge research from a range of disciplines - including neurology, neuroscience, and the vision sciences, to present the first comprehensive review of this recent research. It includes chapters from leading specialists which, in addition to reporting on the latest research, show how this knowledge is being successfully applied in the development of effective visual treatments for this common problem. Sections within the book cover the role of eye movements in reading, visual attention and reading, the neural bases of reading, and the relationship between visual stress and dyslexia. Making a valuable contribution in helping us develop a deeper understanding of dyslexia, this is an important book for those in the fields of psychology, neuroscience, and education.

It is well-known that the most common and largely used assistive technology among the visually impaired community is the white cane. Many technologies have been proposed as alternative assistive devices to improve the autonomous mobility of people affected by visual diseases. Nevertheless, whatever is the physical quantity used by these active assistive technologies - mainly ultrasonic or optical sensors - they present many limitations and none of them adequately meets the international guidelines defined for the electronic travel aids and the specific requests coming from the visually impaired community. The first chapter of this book aims to provide an overview of the existing travel aids for people affected by visual diseases, discussing pros and cons of available technologies. The aim of the next chapter is to convince the reader that solutions based on mobile visual aid systems will answer a critical societal challenge. Chapter Three explores the use of electromagnetic technology in support of visually impaired athlete runners. Chapter Four describes the present state of mobile technologies development taking into consideration the point of view of visually impaired people. Finally, the goal of the concluding chapter is to relate how the audio-description has been produced as a communication accessibility resource.

In this book, the authors present current research in the study of eye movement, with a focus on developmental perspectives, dysfunctions, and disorders in humans. Topics discussed in this compilation include the formation of spiralling or circulating patterns in eye movement trajectories; utilising dialectical behaviour therapy and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing as phase-based trauma treatment; eye movement problems and differential diagnosis of Parkinsonian syndromes; developmental dyslexia, visual crowding and eye movements; gaze behaviour during human adaptive locomotion; and poor binocular co-ordination of saccades during reading in children with visual deficits.

This book is a collection of relevant topics dealing with recent advances in ophthalmology research. The selected review studies present novel investigation and prospects in ophthalmology concerning ocular stem cells, neurodegeneration, immunology, angiogenesis treatment, and ocular blood flow. All the chapters are written by experts in the selected fields. Discussed topics include novel treatment strategies for major causes of blindness such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusions. In particular, the pharmacokinetic behaviours of the available anti-VEGF medications and their characteristics in conjunction with mathematical modelling used to explain the results seen in clinical trials and to predict the responses in still untested circumstances; and the specifics of the ocular vascular system and an overview of the currently used methods of ocular blood flow are reviewed. Novel applications and technology in ocular circulatory research are addressed; correlation of the pathogenetic mechanisms of two relevant neurodegenerative diseases glaucoma and Alzheimer's disease; the possible link in the context of the axon, dendrite, and synapse and the idea of compartmentalised degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma is discussed; the promoters of innate immunity of the ocular surface is presented in context of dry eye syndrome; and the different aspects of stem cell use in treating ocular diseases, including ongoing research efforts and future prospects. This collection is intended for ophthalmologists, as well as for medical doctors from other specialities and medical students who have interest in the field of ophthalmology. The information presented in this book has both scientific and clinical relevance for the reader. This book has been conceived and prepared with the expectation that it would add new insights and inspiration for clinicians and researchers who deal with patients suffering from ophthalmic diseases.

This book presents topical research in the study of macular degeneration, including the correlation of phenotype and genotype in age-related macular degeneration; role of anti-VEGF therapies in neovascular AMD; the biochemical and genetic studies that support the treatment of the pathogenic retina and ocular blood flow in degenerative myopia.

Conjunctivitis (commonly called "pink eye" or "Madras eye" is an inflammation of the conjunctiva (the outermost layer of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids), most commonly due to an allergic reaction or an infection (usually viral, but sometimes bacterial). In this book, the authors discuss allergic disorders of the conjunctiva as well as novel drug delivery approaches in dry eye syndrome therapy. Allergic contact conjunctivitis caused by ophthalmic preparations is explored and examined also are the clinical signs of conjunctivitis.

A cataract is a clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its envelope, varying in degree from slight to complete opacity and obstructing the passage of light. This book reviews research in the field of cataracts inclusive of the application of virtual reality in cataract surgery simulation for ophthalmology training and an analysis of the surface properties of four different intraolcuar lens materials currently used in cataract surgery. Also discussed, herein, is the future of cataract surgeries; disability glare effects and cataracts as a problem of road safety in driving; the pharmacological treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases; among others.

The Ocular Biomechanics Group was established in 2002 with one clear target; to develop a virtual reality model of the human eye that can be used effectively and reliably to predict ocular response to surgery, injury and disease. This ambitious, and seemingly illusive, target helped plan our activities over the last 6 years and will still be focusing our efforts as we strive to create the necessary knowledge using experimental methods, build the predictive tools using programming and analysis means, and validate the findings in both the laboratory and the clinic. This book presents an overview of our biomechanical studies from laboratory material characterisation to finite element numerical simulation. The chapter describes what has been achieved and points at the remaining gaps in our knowledge. It explains that while much remains unknown in ocular behaviour, we are now in a good position to use available knowledge to progress predictive modelling and use it in actual applications such as improving the accuracy of tonometry techniques, planning of refractive surgeries and design of contact lenses. The discussion focuses on the cornea, although scleral biomechanics receive some mention. The chapter also refers to microstructural, biomechanical and topographic studies conducted by other research groups. Coverage of these studies has been necessary to provide a more complete image of current understanding of corneal biomechanics.

The consequences of aging populations combined with the strain to the human eye caused by computers and widespread poor nutritional practices has resulted in an upsurge of research dealing with vision. This new book presents leading-edge research in this field focusing on glaucoma, corneal transplantation and bacterial eye infections.

Retinal tissue may degenerate for a number of reasons. Among them are: artery or vein occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, R.L.F./R.O.P. or disease (usually hereditary). Retinitis pigmentosa, retinoschisis, lattic degeneration, and macular degeneration are characterised by progressive types of retinal degeneration. This book presents the latest research in the field.

The consequences of ageing populations combined with the strain to the human eye caused by computers and widespread poor nutritional practices has resulted in an upsurge of research dealing with vision. This book presents the latest research from around the world in this dynamic field.

Astigmatism is an optical aberration characterized by rays propagating into two perpendicular planes focusing at different distances, thus providing two different foci delimiting an intermediate area of focus called the Conoid of Sturm. This book discusses the types, diagnosis and treatment options of astigmatism. The topics include management of astigmatism in patients after a corneal transplant; power vectors; toric intraocular lenses for the correction of astigmatism during cataract surgery; irregular astigmatism management; and a comprehensive overview of preexisting astigmatism during phacoemulsification.

This book discusses the types, risk factors, treatment options and potential complications of cataracts and cataract surgery. Topics include the clinical techniques used to assess the visual and optical performance of intraocular lenses; the epidemiology and morphology of cataracts; a practical guide to the management of intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS); a comparison of safety and visual improvement of phacoemulsification with sutureless single-port 25-gauge vitrectomy versus phacoemulsification alone for eyes with extremely shallow anterior chamber; teaching and learning cataract surgery; and phacolytic glaucoma.

This is a textbook for students and practitioners involved in the management of patients with ocular allergy. Allergic disorders of the ocular surface affect more than 20% of the general population and they are ocular diseases in which IgE- and/or T-lymphocyte mediated mechanisms are involved. They can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life. This book addresses the important aspects of allergic disorders of the ocular surface with particular emphasis on the pathomechanism and pharmacotherapy of the different types of ocular allergy. The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathomechanism of allergic eye diseases, as well as the lymphocytic activation process are also discussed. The book will provide the reader with considerable insight into the pharmacotherapy of allergic eye diseases with emphasis on the clinical pharmacology of anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical agents.

Eye movements are a key factor in human vision. During steady state fixation where the visual attention is voluntarily centred on a fixation estimulous, the eye shows involuntary small movements that exhibit an erratic trajectory. This book describes fixational eye movements, their mathematical models, and the factors that affect fixation. Also explored, herein, is Congential Nystagmus, which is one of the diseases that affect binocular vision, reducing the visual quality of a subject, saccadic eye movements, eye movement patterns in hemispatial neglect and eye-gaze input systems used by people with severe disabilities.

The modern physiology of vision has saved up many facts which contradict the accepted approach to mechanisms of primary visual perception. It had always been considered that an image of some object primarily constructed by the eye cornea and lens first unequivocally is projected to the matrix of photoreceptors (rod and cone cells), and then is exposed to processing in several layers of the nervous cells arranged behind them. However, the optical image is actually projected to photoreceptors through the layers of nervous cells, i.e. our retina is inverted. This book offers a new model of primary visual perception which is well co-ordinated with morphological and experimental data and eliminates the arisen contradictions.

Geomorphology is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them whereas plate tectonics specifically describes the large scale motions of Earth's lithosphere. This book presents theory, methodology and applications, as well as studies of specific geographic regions. A model to evaluate the effect of groundwater fluctuations on the development of gullies and hence, on landscape evolution is analysed. The use of cosmogenic nuclides in geomorphology and earth-surface processes is also reviewed and uncertainties and limitations related to current understanding of the physical properties of cosmogenic nuclides are summarised. In addition, this book studies plate tectonics in several regions of the world, including Siberia, Western North America, North Africa, India, and Northwest Australia.

Retinis Pigmentosa (RP) includes a group of progressive hereditary retinal diseases involving degeneration of rod and cone photoreceptors, predominantly the former, and is one of the leading causes of hereditary blindness in the developed world. Clinical symptoms include nyctalopia, progressive visual field loss, and deterioration in visual acuity in adolescence. It affects one in 3000-5000 individuals and can be caused by mutations in more than 40 genes. In addition, Retinitis Pigmentosa may exist either alone (nonsyndromic) or as part of a neurological or systemic disorder, such as Usher's syndrome and Infantile Refsum's disease. There are few effective clinical treatments for retinitis pigmentosa which affects an estimated 1.5 million individuals world-wide. However, understanding the histopathologic changes occurring in RP is critical to understanding the rationale for current therapies, as well as to develop future therapies. This book highlights the most recent research done in the field.

Bacterial eye infections are among the leading causes of vision loss and ocular morbidity, yet the widespread use of antibiotics, particularly in combating systemic infections, has led to increased resistance. This book describes studies that have reported resistance to fourth-generation fluoroquinolones used for treating ocular infections. Achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes, which will require new antimicrobial agents with less potential for promoting resistance is also discussed. This book explores endophthalmitis as an intraocular inflammation mainly involving the ocular fluids. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is also reviewed, which is a major opportunistic pathogen and a common cause of bacterial keratitis, especially in contact lens wearers. The new classes of antibiotics have offered alternatives to treat this otherwise antibiotic-resistant bacteria but reports of continued resistance indicate the need for novel areas such as the use of immunisations with attenuated strains of bacteria and treatment with non-antibiotic compounds. Myopia is the most common eyesight problem in the world and is often mild and there are no serious problems. However, it may sometimes lead to blindness. This book explores laser as a way to correct myopia as well as a study of myopia.Finally, this book includes two approaches to resolve myopic macular retinoschisis; one is an approach from inside the eye and the other is from outside the eye. An investigation of eyes for corneal, refractional, and biometric changes, which resulted in the conclusion that there is a statistically significant myopic shift after scleral buckling surgery, is evaluated.