Eye movements are a key factor in human vision. During steady state fixation where the visual attention is voluntarily centred on a fixation estimulous, the eye shows involuntary small movements that exhibit an erratic trajectory. This book describes fixational eye movements, their mathematical models, and the factors that affect fixation. Also explored, herein, is Congential Nystagmus, which is one of the diseases that affect binocular vision, reducing the visual quality of a subject, saccadic eye movements, eye movement patterns in hemispatial neglect and eye-gaze input systems used by people with severe disabilities.

The modern physiology of vision has saved up many facts which contradict the accepted approach to mechanisms of primary visual perception. It had always been considered that an image of some object primarily constructed by the eye cornea and lens first unequivocally is projected to the matrix of photoreceptors (rod and cone cells), and then is exposed to processing in several layers of the nervous cells arranged behind them. However, the optical image is actually projected to photoreceptors through the layers of nervous cells, i.e. our retina is inverted. This book offers a new model of primary visual perception which is well co-ordinated with morphological and experimental data and eliminates the arisen contradictions.

Updated to include new material for beginners in ophthalmology and optometry," Ocular Anatomy and Physiology, Second Edition "is an essential text that covers a range of fundamental information for students and clinicians.
With collaborations from Al Lens, Sheila Coyne Nemeth, and Janice K. Ledford, "Ocular Anatomy and Physiology, Second Edition "now begins with a jump-start chapter to overview the topic for those new to the field of eye care. Chapter two delves into embryology--a topic rarely covered--and addresses each structure of the eye, including the bony orbit, eyebrows, eye lids, lacrimal system, extraocular muscles, and the globe.
While the text continues to emphasize normal anatomy, each chapter contains a glossary of common disorders. Also included is a description of diagnostic methods for examining various tissues. The physiology of various structures and systems is explained, including the visual pathway, the inflammatory response, immunology, binocular vision, refractive errors, and accommodation. To enhance the reader's understanding of each topic, illustrations are provided.
Features of the Second Edition:
- New jump-start chapter for beginners
- Details on diagnostic methods for each structure or segment, including optical coherence tomography and retinal thickness analysis
- Glossary of common disorders at the end of each chapter
With new features and information, "Ocular Anatomy and Physiology, Second Edition" is a valuable text for ophthalmic and optometric assistants, training facilities, and practices, as well as beginners in the field of eye care, including sales representatives and pre-med students.

Visual dysfunctions can limit children's concentration, self esteem and school success as they struggle to understand fundamentals such as colors, letters and how to judge distance. With the right help, these obstacles can be overcome, allowing children to reach their full potential and see the world clearly. This accessible book explores how visual problems develop and how they can be reversed through effective and efficient visual therapy. It breaks down myths surrounding visual dysfunction and explains in straightforward terms the various conditions that could be impacting a child's perception, even if they have perfect sight. The visual therapy used in behavioral optometry retrains the brain to perform visual skills more effectively. In these pages there is clear guidance on the array of therapies, techniques and aids available, all of which can make a profound difference to a child's life. This introductory guide to behavioral optometry will be a welcome resource for parents and professionals in search of options to help a child who is experiencing visual problems.

The number of the millions of blind in the world continues to grow, causing needless social and economic deprivation. Most of these blind can be cured, and much of the remainder prevented if all people had access to the simple and effective interventions that already exist. In this newly revised fourth edition of 'Eye Care in Developing Nations', the author describes in practical detail, what these interventions consist of and how they can be readily implemented. This is the handyman's guide to delivering eye services to low-resource populations, whether they are pockets of poverty in otherwise affluent countries or broadly deprived populations living in the developing world. Demand for the first three editions from around the world has proved this book's value. In this expanded and updated edition all chapters have been revised to reflect developments in public health and in medical and surgical treatments and techniques. The book's value is further enhanced in the fourth edition by the greater emphasis given to clinical ophthalmology and the provision for the first time of colour photos and diagrams throughout.

Covering the core clinical specialties, the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties contains a comprehensive chapter on each of the clinical areas you will encounter through your medical school and Foundation Programme rotations. Now updated with the latest guidelines, and developed by a new and trusted author team who have contemporary experience of life on the wards, this unique resource presents the content in a concise and logical way, giving clear advice on clinical management and offering insight into holistic care. Packed full of high-quality illustrations, boxes, tables, and classifications, this handbook is ideal for use at direct point of care, whether on the ward or in the community, and for study and revision. Each chapter is easy to read and filled with digestible information, with features including ribbons to mark your most-used pages and mnemonics to help you memorize and retain key facts, while quotes from patients help the reader understand each problem better, enhancing the doctor/patient relationship. With reassuring and friendly advice throughout, this is the ultimate guide for every medical student and junior doctor for each clinical placement, and as a revision tool. This tenth edition of the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties remains the perfect companion to the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine, together encompassing the entire spectrum of clinical medicine and helping you to become the doctor you want to be.