Essentials of Autopsy Practice: Innovations, Updates and Advances in Practice is the fifth volume in the Essentials in Autopsy Practice series, covering topics of current and future interest. Designed to keep all involved in the investigation of death abreast of changes within the field, this volume covers a wide range of topical areas which can be encountered around the world. Essentials of Autopsy Practice: Innovations, Updates and Advances in Practice covers death by drowning; deaths from extreme temperature; the radioactive autopsy; chemical contamination and the autopsy; blast injuries; forensic odontology identification; and determination of the force used to cause an injury. Useful to both trainees and consultants in all specialty areas within pathology, including forensic pathology, Essentials of Autopsy Practice: Innovations, Updates and Advances in Practice also serves as a guide to all those involved in death investigation, i.e. nurses, lawyers, paramedics and police officers.

Cardiac Markers is a comprehensive, up-to-date summary of clinical information on serum cardiac markers for coronary artery disease. This book reviews in detail the biochemistry, clinical significance, and analytical measurements for each marker, as well as the advantages and limitations of existing and proposed markers. Comprehensive descriptions of therapeutic approaches to manage patients are presented. Also included are up-to-date listings of primary references and commercial methodologies, the latest data on the pathophysiology of unstable angina, and a discussion of the new emergency-room chest pain centers. Anyone who needs to know how to examine, diagnose, treat, and manage patients with acute chest pain and heart attacks will find this book indispensable.

Achieving good clinical outcomes with implanted biomaterials depends upon achieving optimal function, both mechanical and biological, which in turn depends upon integrating advances realized in biological science, material science, and tissue engineering. As these advances push back the frontiers of biomaterial medicine , the control and patterning of bio-implant interface reactions will have a tremendous impact on future design and prospects of implant treatments.

Bio-Implant Interface: Improving Biomaterials and Tissue Reactions brings together a remarkable panel of scientists to present the state of the art in our understanding of interactions at the interface between biomaterials and living tissue. Much of the focus is on the importance of the implant surface's topography and chemistry to its interaction with the biological environment. Biomineralization along with the biological content of the interface and its role in directing cellular response along desired pathways also receive particular attention.

The pursuit of new and better designs for improved biocompatibility and patient response to implants continues to challenge clinicians and scientists alike. This book offers a unique opportunity to bring yourself up to date on recent advances in the field and new strategies for controlling the bio-implant interface.

This book focuses on the envelope of Gram-positive bacteria including its composition, the latest discoveries in the mechanisms behind its assembly, and its role in pathogenesis. Furthermore, new applications in biotechnology and vaccine development involving these bacteria are discussed in detail. This concise volume consists of eleven chapters by prominent experts in the field, which review the latest findings and current state of knowledge on a range of diverse yet interlinked aspects. This book is written for all researchers, clinicians and technicians engaged in basic or applied science projects on Gram-positive bacteria.

This book achieves an invaluable, contemporary picture of the phylum as a whole - Derek Wakelin - Parasitology

This detailed volume presents timely and authoritative content offering a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in fungal diagnostics. Moreover, it addresses on-going developments expected to provide a basis for targeted treatment strategies resulting in improved outcome of invasive mycoses. The knowledge of host-related predisposing factors and stratified treatment options facilitating timely onset of adequate antifungal therapy are critical for successful clinical management and outcome of invasive fungal disease (IFD), requiring not only rapid diagnosis of a fungal infection and identification of the causative species, but also assessment of pathogen/host factors related to pathogenicity, susceptibility, and response to treatment. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Human Fungal Pathogen Identification: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal reference for researchers investigating the ever-growing worldwide healthcare problems involving fungal infections.

The successful prophylaxis and treatment of ubiquitous respiratory infections is essential for the enhancement of public health. The chapters provide new insights into the biology of causative pathogens, tackle the epidemiological aspects, and present an update on diagnostics, prevention and therapy of infections. The emerging new pathogens and antibiotic resistance of the old ones are discussed. Novel markers of the severity of community acquired pneumonia, which bears high morbidity and mortality, also are presented.

Connectionist accounts of language acquisition, processing, and dissolution proliferate despite attacks from some linguists, cognitive scientists, and engineers. Although the networks of exquisitely interconnected perceptrons postulated by PDP theorists may not be anatomically homologous with actual brain anatomy, a growing body of research suggests that the posited network functions can support many human behaviors. This volume brings together contributors with a variety of backgrounds and perspectives to explore, for the first time, the "clinical implications" of whole-language connectionist models. Demonstrating that these models are powerful and have explained many phenomena of language acquisition, language therapy, and speech processing, especially at the engineering level, they focus specifically on applications of connectionist theory to delayed language, aphasia, phonological acquisition, and speech perception. Connectionist models, they conclude, offer a new interpretive framework for the discussion of information processing in humans and other animals that will be of great utility to all those who study language and seek to intervene in language disorders.

Moire fringe techniques have expanded considerably over the past decade and are now established as important metrological tools. The main reason for this flourishing expansion is the use of the moire fringe method in the common availability of the laser light. This book covers the major theoretical aspects and applications of the moire technique. A concise description of the formation of moire fringes and their interpretation is presented. A comprehensive review of the most important applications of the moire phenomenon is given. Although some of them are still being refined there are already well established applications to moire displacement and alignment sensors, grating interferometry, moire processing of interferograms, moire topography and strain analysis. There is also a discussion on the influence of the types of superimposition on structures and of the type of illumination used on the intensity distribution in moire patterns.

An understanding of moire fringes and of the characteristics of moire patterns, which depend on various optical configurations, is essential for the proper use and control of moire methods. The physical and practical attributes of each technique are clarified throughout. The book will prove most appropriate in meeting the needs of newcomers to the field, as well as those of researchers and technicians who want to acquire a broader view and assessment of particular techniques.

This expert volume in the Diagnostic Pathology series is an excellent point-of-care resource for practitioners at all levels of experience and training. Covering all areas of neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases of the digestive tract and accessory organs such as the pancreas and liver, it incorporates the most recent clinical, pathological, and molecular knowledge in the field to provide a comprehensive overview of all key issues relevant to today's practice. Richly illustrated and easy to use, Diagnostic Pathology: Hepatobiliary and Pancreas is a one-stop reference for accurate, complete pathology reports, ideal as a day-to-day reference or as a reliable training resource. Analyzes hundreds of diagnoses, each of which include critical diagnostic information such as definitions, epidemiology, clinical presentation, macro- and microscopic features, differential diagnoses, and pathologic interpretation pearls. Features thorough updates throughout, including novel immunohistochemical markers and other ancillary techniques (such as BAP1, INSM1, Rb, albumin in situ hybridization) that play an increasingly critical role in improving diagnoses Addresses recent advances in molecular pathology-new diagnostic, immunohistochemical, molecular, and genetic techniques used for diagnosis, as well as new details about the genesis and activity of tumors in the liver, pancreas, and biliary systems Includes details from the 2019 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Digestive System regarding important changes to diagnostic techniques, identification of new variants of cancers, and immunohistochemical markers and ancillary techniques that improve diagnosis and treatment options Reflects recent WHO updates and updates from the AJCC's 8th Edition Cancer Staging Manual such as new terminology, new grading of neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine carcinomas, and characteristic molecular alterations in hepatocellular adenoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and other tumors Uses a templated page layout, bulleted text, and a generous number of high-quality images to help practicing and in-training pathologists reach a confident diagnosis Includes the enhanced eBook version, which allows you to search all text, figures, and references on a variety of devices

Research on antiviral drugs and their mode of action in infected cells. in animals and in man. has led to a better understanding of the molecular pro cesses involved in virus replication. Screeninq of large numbers of natural and semisynthetic compounds resulted in the characterization of certain sub stances that had a limited efficiency as antiviral druqs. A few chemically synthesized compounds were also found to be effective as antiviral agents in the chemotherapy of human virus diseases. A major difficulty in the develop ment of effective antiviral agents has been the lack of selectivity. and toxicity for uninfected cells. of drugs that effectively inhibited virus replication in vitro. Further understanding of the molecular processes of virus replication in infected cells has resulted in the development of new antivirals directed at virus-coded enzymes or proteins. Recent studies on antivirals that are activated by the herpes simplex virus type l-coded thy midine kinase from a prod rug to an antiviral drug have opened new directions in the development of effective antiviral drugs. The present book deals with a number of antiviral drugs effective against herpes simplex viruses and provides some insight into the molecular aspects of virus replication. It also throws light on the new approaches to the development of antiviral drugs. The molecular basis of the antiviral activity of new and known drugs and their possible use in chemotherapy of viral disease are presented in this book."

The International Commission on Radiological Protection and the Euratom Council directive have specified that workers exposed to ionizing radiation shall be subjected to individual dose monitoring. In the past, individual doses have almost always been monitored by film badge dosimeters, but thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are now coming into widespread use, principally due to the availability of automated readout systems. Techniques and Management of Personnel Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Services gives details of the operation of and experience gained with a number of large-scale TL personnel dosimetry services, with particular attention being paid to the management aspects of such services. For technical and administrative personnel in TLD services, TLD system designers, staff of licensing authorities concerned with dosimetric licensing, students of radiation protection, especially in the area of protection from ionizing radiation. A basic knowledge of atomic and nuclear physics is assumed, and a training in radiation protection or health physics would be an advantage.

This volume focuses on apoptotic and non-apoptotic programmed cell death, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, and presents recent findings in the field. It discusses the crucial role that apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death play in various pathological conditions, such as skin diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, and virus infections. Further, it highlights the mechanisms underlying the recognition and clearance of dead cells, and the subsequent biological responses triggered by phagocytosed macrophages and factors released from dying cells. Offering insights into cell death, it is a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians developing novel strategies to treat various diseases that are closely associated with cell death.

Advances in Molecular Pathology is an annual review publication that covers the current practices and latest developments in the field of Molecular Pathology. Each issue is divided into sections for comprehensive coverage of all subspecialty areas within molecular pathology, including, Genetics, Hematopathology, Infectious Disease, Pharmacogenomics, Informatics, Solid Tumors, and special topics on COVID-19. The Editor-in-Chief of the publication is Dr. Gregory Tsongalis, a leading expert in the field. Topics covered this year include but are not limited to: Phenotype Association and Variant Pathogenicity Prediction Tools in Genomic Analysis; The application of noninvasive prenatal screening to detect copy number variations; Next generation cytogenomics using optical mapping; Review of molecular in APL; NGS for MRD in acute leukemia; Review of emerging technologies as they pertain to infectious disease testing; Germline genetic variants that predict drug response; Nutrigenomics; PGx of hypertension; Genomic data for blood typing, specifically both through NGS and arrays; Preanalytic Variables and Tissue Stewardship for Reliable Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Clinical Analysis; and Cell-free nucleic acids in cancer: Current approaches, challenges, and future directions.

"...a worthwhile investment for... pathologists-in-training, dematologists-in-training, or medical students..." --Arch Dermatology Intended for use as a practical manual, the information in this book has been presented so as to yield a differential diagnosis for each histological finding. With some 500 entities described, the contents of this handbook are quite inclusive. It serves not only as a primer in dermatopathology directed at residents of pathology and dermatology, but also as a useful reference for practicing dermatologists, general pathologists and primary care physicians who routinely evaluate skin lesions and biopsies in their practice.

Septic shock remains a serious medical condition with high mortality. Despite many advances in intensive care medicine and antibiotic devel- ment, this has not changed appreciably in the last 20 years. Frustratingly, over the same period of time, enormous advances have been made in understa- ing the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of this condition. This has resulted in the development of several novel therapies for septic shock, which, despite excellent theoretical grounds for their efficacy, have failed in altering mort- ity attributable to sepsis. The reasons for these failures are multiple, but it is clear that further research is required aimed at increasing our understanding of the basic pat- physiological processes that occur following infection. Research into septic shock draws upon a number of different disciplines, ranging from molecular and cellular biology to physiological measurements on whole animals. Septic Shock Methods and Protocols is an attempt to draw together into one volume a number of protocols that are of use in the investigation of the mechanisms of septic shock. I have divided the book into five sections. The first deals with endotoxin, the lipopolysaccharide component of the Gram-negative cell m- brane that can mimic many of the features of septic shock. Gram-positive organisms are found increasingly as causes of septic shock, and several - pects of toxins produced from these bacteria are considered in the second s- tion.

This volume brings together contributions from experts in the field of Pasteurella research. Its covers areas such as comparative genomics, pathogenic mechanisms, bacterial proteomics, as well as a detailed description and analysis of PMT and its interaction with host tissues, cells, immune system, and signalling pathways.

This book comprehensively reviews the disease dynamics, distribution, surveillance, epidemiology, diagnosis, control strategies, and management of the desert malaria. It highlights the potential risks of unstable but often exacerbated malaria conflagration as epidemics in the middle of duned desert, a desert oasis, and desert-fringe regions. Further, it reveals the factors inveigled into desert environments due to extensive anthropogenic activities such as canalized irrigation projects, high-yielding new agriculture practices, human concentration, and increased trade. It addresses the impact of irrigation on the malarial dynamics and its coupling to the climate forcing. The book also offers a model for desert transformation into malaria heaven under the changed climatic conditions including high rainfall, humidity, and depletion in temperature. Lastly, it offers insight into malaria epidemiology and disease control in the desert's arid environments. This book is an essential resource for medical entomologists, parasitologists, epidemiologists, and public health researchers.

This expert volume in the Diagnostic Pathology series is an excellent point-of-care resource for practitioners at all levels of experience and training. Covering all areas of nonneoplastic dermatopathology, it incorporates the most recent clinical, pathological, and molecular knowledge in the field to provide a comprehensive overview of all key issues relevant to today's practice. Richly illustrated and easy to use, Diagnostic Pathology: Nonneoplastic Dermatopathology is a one-stop reference for accurate, complete pathology reports, ideal as a day-to-day reference or as a reliable training resource. Provides a clear framework for a better understanding of the clinical and histopathologic appearances of more than 250 nonneoplastic entities, presenting major histological and clinical differential diagnosis in order of decreasing frequency found in the general population Breaks down the complex subject of inflammatory dermatopathology into digestible chapters, organized into major histological reaction patterns and/or disease categories Features thorough updates throughout, including new chapters on COVID-related rashes, measles, and hair-shaft disorders; new details on infectious process for diseases; new information on drug rashes; new information on rare infections and clinical identification of rare diseases; and updates for unknown and previously unknown side effects regarding long-term immunosuppressed patients Includes approximately 1,500 high-quality clinical and histological images, gross pathology images, radiologic images, and full-color drawings to help practicing and in-training pathologists reach a confident diagnosis Provides practical and accessible clinical references for many lesions not often seen or taught outside of a specific clinical rotation in dermatology or dermatopathology Includes the enhanced eBook version, which allows you to search all text, figures, and references on a variety of devices

Preface:

To understand Alzheimera (TM)s disease (AD) is one of the major thrusts of present-day clinical research, strongly supported by more fundamental cellular, biochemical, immunological and structural studies. It is these latter that receive attention within this book. This compilation of 20 chapters indicates the diversity of work currently in progress and summarizes the current state of knowledge. Experienced authors who are scientifically active in their fields of study have been selected as contributors to this book, in an attempt to present a reasonably complete survey of the field. Inevitably, some exciting topics for one reason or another have not been included, for which we can only apologize.

Standardization of terminology is often a problem in science, not least in the Alzheimer field; editorial effort has been made to achieve standardazation between the Chapters, but some minor yet acceptable personal / author variation is still present, i.e. A-amyloid/amyloid-A; AA42/AA1-42/AA1-42!

The book commences with a broad survey of the contribution that the range of available microscopical techniques has made to the study of Alzheimera (TM)s amyloid plaques and amyloid fibrillogenesis. This chapter also serves as an Introduction to the book, since several of the topics introduced here are expanded upon in later chapters. Also, it is significant to the presence of this chapter that the initial discovery of brain plaques, by Alois Alzheimer, utilized light microscopy, a technique that continues to be extremely valuable in present-day AD research. Then follow 19 further chapters dealing with interesting areas of research that have a bearing upon Alzheimera (TM)sdisease. The authors present their own data within the context of a review of related work from others in their field of study.

Transgenic mouse models for AD are increasingly important and widely used, as is the understanding of the enzymology and biochemistry of amyloid A production from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the A- and g -secretases, and the non-amyloidogenic APP cleavage products due to a -secreatases. Similarly, discussion of the enzymes responsible for the natural degradation of amyloid-A is included. Oxidative stress in AD and the possible protective role of vitamin E have emerged as highly significant topics. Likewise, the role of the metals, aluminium copper and zinc in AD is thoroughly addressed, along with the possible value of metal chelation. Current concepts as to the fundamental importance of amyloid-A oligomers versus AA fibrillar deposits (diffuse and senile plaques) in the pathogenesis of AD is presented, along with the likely role of tissue and cellular cholesterol in the promotion of AA fibrillogenesis, and Congo red binding to AA fibrils.

Several naturally occurring human proteins have the ability to bind to AA and are found in AD diffuse and senile plaques. Apolipoprotein E4, clusterin (ApoJ) and acetylcholinesterase are considered in depth. The direct effects of AA on neuronal membranes, in terms of neuronal membrane fluidity changes and calcium ion transport are dealt with, then the role of amyloid inhibitors and A-sheet breaking drugs is included. The likely important beneficial effects of the cholesterol-lowering drugs, the statins, in lowering brain AA and consequently the therapeutic prevention of AD by reducing AA deposition in plaquesis discussed thoroughly. Finally, an exciting new concept is advanced, namely the possible significance of phosphorylated AA in Alzheimera (TM)s disease. From in vitro experiments AA phosphorylation appears to increase the proportion of AA oligomeric forms, an observation which correlates with a the higher cytotoxicity of this species, compared to non-phosphorylated AA.

The editors hope that this book will be of interest and value to both medical and scientific research communities working on AD, and to others with a more general interest in the understanding of this devastating neurodegenerative disorder of the elderly.

Prof. J. Robin Harris

Prof. Falk Fahrenholz

University of Mainz

August, 2004

Capsaicin is a principal pungent ingredient of red chili peppers, first isolated in the early nineteenth century by Christian Friedrich Bucholz. Widely consumed as a spice in South Asia and Latin America, Capsaicin has been used to treat pain and inflammation associated with a variety of diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic neuropathy, post-masectomy pain, cluster headaches, and herpes zoster. Although recent studies have evaluated capsaicin as a novel anti-cancer agent, and mechanisms of capsaicin in preventing cancer have been described sporadically, the literature lacks a comprehensive review of capsaicin as a chemo-preventive agent. Role of Capsaicin in Oxidative Stress and Cancer offers a thorough exploration of the preventive and therapeutic effects of capsaicin in cancer models such as melanoma, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, skin cancer, lung cancer, multiple myeloma and glioma. The contributors, all internationally recognized researchers, identify various molecular and cellular targets of capsaicin, and show the critical role of mitochondria in capsaicin-mediated therapeutic effects. Readers will learn how capsaicin prevents or may treat cancer, how different cells respond to capsaicin, how environmental carcinogen-induced carcinogenesis can be prevented by capsaicin and the mechanism of oxidative stress caused by capsaicin. This book will benefit medical students, oncologists and cancer researchers everywhere.

Through the use of molecular and cellular biological techniques, numerous advances have been made in understanding the molecular basis of virulence mechanisms and toxin biosynthesis in organisms that contaminate food and feed. Microbial Foodborne Diseases: Mechanisms of Pathogenesis and Toxin Synthesis serves as an advanced text on these techniques, providing useful, up-to-date information by recognized authorities on the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis and toxin production of some of the most important foodborne pathogens. This book focuses on the molecular and cellular processes that govern pathogenicity and toxin production in foodborne and waterborne pathogens - viral, bacterial, fungal, and protozoan. It also includes current information related to the association of each pathogen with particular foods and water, epidemiology, methods of early detection, toxicology, and economic impact of the pathogen. It not only serves as an excellent reference, it is also a valuable tool in the rational design of preventative controls and therapeutic approaches to the disease process.

Offering a basis for further research into the interactions of hosts and pathogens, this work gathers up-to-date findings, and details basic structures, functions and immunology. It provides descriptions of a variety of experimental endotoxin neutralizing agents, as well as a guide to clinical research initiatives and the latest treatments.

In this issue, guest editors bring their considerable expertise to this important topic. Provides in-depth reviews on the latest updates in the field, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.