This book provides recent developments and future perspectives of pulp and paper processing based on biotechnology to replace conventional environmental unfriendly chemical processes. The use of microorganism and microbial enzymes in various processes such as bleaching, deinking, refining, dissolving pulp, debarking & pitch removal, slime control, wastewater treatment and waste material valorisation are discussed.

This book covers both basic and applied sciences in a rather specified area of pulp and paper manufacture. The basic science of lignocellulose enzymology and plant genetics is covered also in many other contexts, whereas the application of biotechnology in process and product development is thoroughly reviewed. All the latest advances as well as new ideas of the research field are covered. This book will serve as an updated and compact information package of biotechnical aspects and the most recent advances of the pulp and paper industry sector.

Contained in this dictionary is a selection of the most frequently used terms in pulp and papermaking. It is intended to provide scientists, R & D workers, students, technologists and international trade experts with a vocabulary of terms relating to pulping and papermaking technologies, cellulose and paper chemistry, properties of pulp and paper mills. It also includes terms related to pulpwood and other raw materials for pulping and to operations for converting paper and board.

This contributed volume provides 11 illustrative case studies of technological transformation in the global pulp and paper industry from the inception of mechanical papermaking in early nineteenth century Europe until its recent developments in today's business environment with rapidly changing market dynamics and consumer behaviour. It deals with the relationships between technology transfer, technology leadership, raw material dependence, and product variety on a global scale. The study itemises the main drivers in technology transfer that affected this process, including the availability of technology, knowledge, investments and raw materials on the one hand, and demand characteristics on the other hand, within regional, national and transnational organisational frameworks. The volume is intended as a basic introduction to the history of papermaking technology, and it is aimed at students and teachers as course material and as a handbook for professionals working in either industry, research centres or universities. It caters to graduate audiences in forestry, business, technical sciences, and history.

Pulp and paper mill industries are always associated with the disposal problem of highly contaminated sludge or bio-solids. The development of innovative systems to maximize recovery of useful materials and/or energy in a sustainable way has become necessary. The management of wastes, in particular of industrial waste, in an economically and environmentally acceptable manner is one of the most critical issues facing modern industry, mainly due to the increased difficulties in properly locating disposal works and complying with even more stringent environmental quality requirements imposed by legislation. This book presents a general Introduction on waste management in the pulp and paper industry and contains topics on the generation of waste in pulp and paper mills, waste composition, methods of sludge pre-treatment, processes and technologies for conversion of pulp and paper mill waste into valuable products, waste reduction techniques employed in the pulp and paper Industry worldwide and future trends.

The book provides the most up-to-date information available on various biotechnological processes useful in the pulp and paper industry. The first edition was published in 2011, covering a specific biotechnological process or technique, discussing the advantages, limitations, and prospects of the most important and popular processes used in the industry. Many new developments have taken place in the last five years, warranting a second edition on this topic. The new edition contains about 35% new material covering topics in Laccase application in fibreboard; biotechnology in forestry; pectinases in papermaking; stickies control with pectinase; products from hemicelluloses; value added products from biorefinery lignin; use of enzymes in mechanical pulping.

The objectives of this book are twofold: 1. To provide a thorough examination of the materials science of cellulosic fibers with emphasis on the characterization of structure-property relations, and 2. To advance knowledge of how to best analyze cellulosic fibrous networks and composites, and, ultimately, engineer "novel" cellulose-based systems of superior performance and functionality. The design of new materials through the study of living systems, or bio-imitation, is burgeoning to become an established field, generally referred to as biomimetics. The latter, as with materials science, in general, prominently features multi-disciplinarity where new developments in mathematics, physics, chemistry and engineering continue to inspire novel areas of research and development. The book is structured in five chapters which provide a sequential treatment of the running theme: deformation mechanics and the physical, morphological and mechanical characterization of native cellulose fibers networks and composites. The heart of the book is Chapter 3, Damage Accumulation in Fibers, which treats the experimental methodology for fatigue testing of single fibers and the engendered results. In-depth examinations of the morphology, structure and chemical composition of native cellulose fibers, and the mechanics of deformation in these natural composite fibers are proffered in Chapters 1 and 2, respectively. The fourth chapter, Fractal Simulation of Crack Propagation, presents a fractal-based approach to modeling damage accumulation in materials. Fractals lend themselves well to modeling such randomly-oriented phenomena as crack propagation and fracture. The last chapter, Fibrous Structures: Networks and Composites, comprises analytical approaches for handling networks and composites.

This book features in-depth and thorough coverage of Minimum Impact Mill Technologies which can meet the environmental challenges of the pulp and paper industry and also discusses Mills and Fiberlines that encompass "State-of-the-Art" technology and management practices. The minimum impact mill does not mean "zero effluent", nor is it exclusive to one bleaching concept. It is a much bigger concept which means that significant progress must be made in the following areas: Water Management, Internal Chemical Management, Energy Management, Control and Discharge of Non-Process Elements and Removal of Hazardous Pollutants. At the moment, there is no bleached kraft pulp mill operating with zero effluent. With the rise in environmental awareness due to the lobbying by environmental organizations and with increased government regulation there is now a trend towards sustainability in the pulp and paper industry. Sustainable pulp and paper manufacturing requires a holistic view of the manufacturing process. During the last decade, there have been revolutionary technical developments in pulping, bleaching and chemical recovery technology. These developments have made it possible to further reduce loads in effluents and airborne emissions. Thus, there has been a strong progress towards minimum impact mills in the pulp and paper industry. The minimum-impact mill is a holistic manufacturing concept that encompasses environmental management systems, compliance with environmental laws and regulations and manufacturing technologies.

Applications of Soft Computing have recently increased and methodological development has been strong. The book is a collection of new interesting industrial applications introduced by several research groups and industrial partners. It describes the principles and results of industrial applications of Soft Computing methods and introduces new possibilities to gain technical and economic benefits by using this methodology. The book shows how fuzzy logic and neural networks have been used in the Finnish paper and metallurgical industries putting emphasis on processes, applications and technical and economic results.

This four volume set covers the entire spectrum of pulp and paper chemistry and technology from starting material to processes and products including market demands. This work is essential for all students of wood science and a useful reference for those working in the pulp and paper industry or on the chemistry of renewable resources. This volume examines the physical properties of paper and modern demands on this versatile material. The book presents fundamental definitions of fibre networks and their structure, physical properties of the paper and their development during pressing and drying, interactions with moisture and its affect on mechanical properties, interactions between light and fibrous materials and the determination of optical properties of the paper, physical action of dry-strength and wet-strength chemicals, physical properties of the paper surface with special emphasis on printing and print quality, overview of packaging materials and the demands on paper from a packaging materials perspective, laminate theories for papermakers and theoretical models of paper for converting and end-uses.

This four volume set covers the entire spectrum of pulp and paper chemistry and technology from starting material to processes and products including market demands. This work is essential for all students of wood science and a useful reference for those working in the pulp and paper industry or on the chemistry of renewable resources. Volume 3 provides an overview of paper production and the ways in which the chemistry of starting materials and processes influence its quality and properties. The work treats fundamental properties of the fibre wall and the consolidation of fibres during pressing and drying, surface chemistry of fibres and their influence on the interaction between fibres/paper and other materials, mechanisms behind the adsorption of polyelectrolytes to fibres and fillers, acid and alkaline sizing of paper, basic fluid mechanical behavior of fibre suspensions, web forming, web pressing and web drying in a modern paper machine, calandering and coating of paper.

This four volume set covers the entire spectrum of pulp and paper chemistry and technology from starting material to processes and products including market demands. This work is essential for all students of wood science and a useful reference for those working in the pulp and paper industry or on the chemistry of renewable resources. Volume 2 focuses on creating an understanding of the chemical and technical processes involved in the production of pulp. The work treats wood handling, i.e. barking, chipping , storage and screening processes, chemistry and technology during mechanical and chemical pulp production, including pulping and bleaching chemistry and technology, production of bleaching chemicals at the mill, recovery processes, including the treatment and burning of black liquor and the white liquor preparation plant, paper recycling processes, changes in structure and properties of wood polymers and pulps in the pulping process line, description of the equipment and processes involved in the manufacturing of pulp, pulp characterization, including methods available to evaluate pulp properties, end-product requirements.

This four volume set covers the entire spectrum of pulp and paper chemistry and technology from starting material to processes and products including market demands. This work is essential for all students of wood science and a useful reference for those working in the pulp and paper industry or on the chemistry of renewable resources. Volume 1 provides a survey of the biological and chemical structure of wood as well as an introduction to the chemical reactions used during pulp production processes. The work presents the different raw materials used for pulp production, the macroscopic and morphological construction of wood and related characterization methods, the chemical structure and arrangement of the wood polymers and extractives, biosynthesis of wood polymers, carbohydrate and lignin analysis, reactions of wood polymers in mechanical and chemical pulping and bleaching processes, biotechnical processes of relevance for the pulp and paper industry, different types of microorganisms and their modes of interaction with wood, the impact of chemical and microbiological processes on the hierarchical structure of wood and pulp.

This book describes the most effective application of chemicals in bleaching. It starts with a brief overview of the history of bleaching and then focuses on recent developments. The ban of chlorine from bleaching pulp has shifted bleaching to environmentally sound procedures. Elementary Chlorine Free bleaching (ECF bleaching) and Totally Chlorine Free bleaching (TCF bleaching) are explained. The potential of different bleaching chemicals is exemplified in detail with a special focus on what to do and what to avoid. Very recent knowledge about the sources of yellowing is utilized to explain the ideal strategy for the removal of chromophores and their precursors. Emphasis is placed on applicable bleaching, in clear contrast to sophisticated, complicated or simply expensive pseudo modern bleaching. The target of this book is to explain the potential and the limitations of different chemicals and to demonstrate the necessity of comprehensive solutions for an environmentally sound use of the raw material wood, of chemicals, and of water in the production of pulp with top quality and yield. This book should educate students in the art of bleaching, assist mill personal in their continuous effort for process optimization, help research and technology managers to successfully select their targets, and be on hand as reference of the most recent bleaching technology.

"Applications of Wet-end Paper Chemistry" bridges the gap between the theory and practice of wet-end paper chemistry by explaining how particular chemicals are chosen and put to use in real situations. A number of international experts in the field present recent contributions on the optimum use of chemicals in papermaking.

Major inroads have taken place since the first edition of this title was published in 1995. This new edition of "Applications of Wet-end Paper Chemistry" will reflect the changing type and use of chemicals used in papermaking in the 21st century.

Chemists and chemical engineers across the paper and pulp making industry, as well as in research and academic institutes will find this book of enormous practical value.

Although the title of this book is Paper Chemistry, it should be considered as a text about the chemistry of the formation of paper from aqueous suspensions of fibre and other additives, rather than as a book about the chemistry of the raw material itself. It is the subject of what papermakers call wet-end chemistry. There are many other excellent texts on the chemistry of cellulose and apart from one chapter on the accessibility of cellulose, the subject is not addressed here. Neither does the book deal with the chemistry of pulp preparation (from wood, from other plant sources or from recycled fibres), for there are also many excellent texts on this subject. The first edition of this book was a great success and soon became established as one of the Bibles of the industry. Its achievement then was to collect the considerable advances in understanding which had been made in the chemistry of papermaking in previous years, and provide, for the first time, a sound physico chemical basis of the subject. This new edition has been thoroughly updated with much new material added. The formation of paper is a continuous filtration process in which cellulosic fibres are formed into a network which is then pressed and dried. The important chemistry involved in this process is firstly the retention of col loidal material during filtration and secondly the modification of fibre and sheet properties so as to widen the scope for the use of paper and board products."

This handbook focuses on physical paper testing in the laboratory and online. Divided into five parts, it highlights assays for paper interactions with light, moisture, electricity, and heat. Topics expanded upon include laboratory testing procedures; microscopy analysis and paper surface properties; liquid and gas penetration; electrical and thermal interactions; and methods of surface characterization.

Everyone involved in paper making knows Asten as a world class manufacturer of paper machine clothing. Perhaps less well known is that Asten started in this industry more than 120 years ago. Since then the company has taken advantage of modern manufacturing techniques to produce innovative products needed by the growing paper making industry. That is why Asten commissioned Dr. Sabit Adanur to write this book - to continue spreading sophisticated papermaking knowledge throughout the global paper industry. This book discusses how the latest technological innovations help produce quality paper products. It also covers the use of TQM and computers in the papermaking process as basic paper structure and properties.

This book covers the technology of the recovery of secondary fibre for its use in paper and board manufacture. The editor, who has had substantial practical experience of designing and commissioning paper recycling plants all over the world, leads a team of experts who discuss subjects including sourcing, characterisation, mechanical handling and preparation and de-inking.

Based on the proceedings of the 10th international Cellucon Conference held in Turku/Abo, Finland, this book offers a comprehensive overview of research undertaken in all aspects of cellulosic pulps, fibes and materials including the production and processing of pulp and paper fibre.

First published in 1995, Surface Analysis of Paper examines surface analysis techniques from a paper industry perspective and places heavy emphasis on applications. Modern techniques, including ion mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and optical profilometry are reviewed in a straightforward manner. This new book provides details on widely used methods and instruments, and discusses how they can be used to attain, for example, contour maps of the microscopic constituents on paper surfaces and accurate analyses of the physical properties of paper. Organized into three sections, Surface Analysis of Paper provides thorough coverage of the physical characteristics of paper, and a clear picture of new and emerging analytical methods. Carefully chosen background material on fundamental concepts is included wherever such material assists in understanding the uses of analysis methods. Each chapter contains: An introduction A description of the technique A discussion of the type of information that can be obtained with the particular technique Practical examples to demonstrate the advantages of the technique

Usually firms introduce new technology in an incremental way, wisely seeking to minimise the adverse effects which business and employees might face. However, this is not always the case. Sometimes technological discontinuities occur when radically different technological systems and working practices are implemented, with the possibility of widespread disruption and conflict. This book looks at this topical issue through the experiences of the international giants of the Finnish paper industry - an industry at the cutting edge of fundamental technological innovation.

Chemistry of Modern Papermaking presents a chemist's perspective on the papermaking process. With roughly 3% of the mass of a paper product invested in water-soluble chemicals, paper makers can adjust the speed and efficiency of the process, minimize and reuse surplus materials, and differentiate a paper product as required by specific customers. With research and development scattered across academic journals or the proprietary information of a variety of companies, the modern paper maker requires a one-stop resource for the general picture of the paper chemicals organic chemistry. The remarkable effectiveness of chemicals at very low concentrations is a fascinating topic in paper chemistry. Chemistry of Modern Papermaking is an extensive collection of data combining the organic chemistry of paper with its potential applications. Within each chapter, paper chemicals are organized based on their chemical structure. After an introduction and brief history, the book explores the papermaking process, retention aids, temporary wet strength resins, wet strength resins, dry strength resins, internal sizing agents, creping adhesives and softeners, and chemicals for paper surface treatment. Uniquely, patents and scientific articles are included in almost equal number among the 3400 references. Chemistry of Modern Papermaking focuses on the chemistry behind each application, on what has been done, and on what can be done. Never before has a book analytically arranged and lucidly explained such an expansive collection of details from both the patent and scientific literature. This synthesis is achieved not only through diligent work, but also through years of industrial experience.

Chemistry of Modern Papermaking presents a chemist's perspective on the papermaking process. With roughly 3% of the mass of a paper product invested in water-soluble chemicals, paper makers can adjust the speed and efficiency of the process, minimize and reuse surplus materials, and differentiate a paper product as required by specific customers. With research and development scattered across academic journals or the proprietary information of a variety of companies, the modern paper maker requires a one-stop resource for the general picture of the paper chemicals organic chemistry.

The remarkable effectiveness of chemicals at very low concentrations is a fascinating topic in paper chemistry. Chemistry of Modern Papermaking is an extensive collection of data combining the organic chemistry of paper with its potential applications. Within each chapter, paper chemicals are organized based on their chemical structure. After an introduction and brief history, the book explores the papermaking process, retention aids, temporary wet strength resins, wet strength resins, dry strength resins, internal sizing agents, creping adhesives and softeners, and chemicals for paper surface treatment. Uniquely, patents and scientific articles are included in almost equal number among the 3400 references.

Chemistry of Modern Papermaking focuses on the chemistry behind each application, on what has been done, and on what can be done. Never before has a book analytically arranged and lucidly explained such an expansive collection of details from both the patent and scientific literature. This synthesis is achieved not only through diligent work, but also through years of industrial experience.

First published in 1995, Surface Analysis of Paper examines surface analysis techniques from a paper industry perspective and places heavy emphasis on applications. Modern techniques, including ion mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and optical profilometry are reviewed in a straightforward manner. This new book provides details on widely used methods and instruments, and discusses how they can be used to attain, for example, contour maps of the microscopic constituents on paper surfaces and accurate analyses of the physical properties of paper. Organized into three sections, Surface Analysis of Paper provides thorough coverage of the physical characteristics of paper, and a clear picture of new and emerging analytical methods. Carefully chosen background material on fundamental concepts is included wherever such material assists in understanding the uses of analysis methods. Each chapter contains: An introduction A description of the technique A discussion of the type of information that can be obtained with the particular technique Practical examples to demonstrate the advantages of the technique