This book covers the technology of the recovery of secondary fibre for its use in paper and board manufacture. The editor, who has had substantial practical experience of designing and commissioning paper recycling plants all over the world, leads a team of experts who discuss subjects including sourcing, characterisation, mechanical handling and preparation and de-inking.

Solving the pulp and paper industries' environmental problems is essential to maintaining the forest industry and accommodating the changing economic needs of forest communities. This book explores the construction of new mills--operating on new technology that does not produce pollutants--which are vital to the pulp and paper industry.

Biermann's Handbook of Pulp and Paper: Paper and Board Making, Third Edition provides a thorough introduction to paper and board making, providing paper technologists recent information. The book emphasizes principles and concepts behind papermaking, detailing both the physical and chemical processes. It has been updated, revised and extended. Several new chapters have been added. Papermaking chemistry has found an adequate scope covering this important area by basics and practical application. Scientific and technical advances in refining, including the latest developments have been presented. The process of stock preparation describes the unit processes. An exhaustive overview of Chemical additives in Pulp and Paper Industry is included. Paper and pulp processing and additive chemicals are an integral part of the total papermaking process from pulp slurry, through sheet formation, to effluent disposal. Water circuits with loop designs and circuit closure are presented. The chapter on paper and board manufacture covers the different sections in the paper machine and also fabrics, rolls and roll covers, and describes the different types of machines producing the various paper and board grades. Coating is dealt with in a separate chapter covering color formulation and preparation and also coating application. Paper finishing gives an insight into what happens at roll slitting and handling. The chapter on environmental impact includes waste water treatment and handling, air emissions, utilization and solid residue generation and mitigation . The major paper and board grades and their properties, are described. Biotechnological methods for paper processing are also presented. This handbook is essential reading for Applied Chemists, Foresters, Chemical Engineers, Wood Scientists, and Pulp and Paper technologist/ Engineers, and anyone else interested or involved in the pulp and paper industry.

Pulp and Paper Industry: Emerging Waste Water Treatment Technologies is the first book which comprehensively reviews this topic. Over the past decade, pulp and paper companies have continued to focus on minimizing fresh water use and effluent discharges as part of their move towards sustainable operating practices. Three stages-basic conservation, water reuse and water recycling-provide a systematic approach to water resource management. Implementing these stages requires increased financial investment and better utilization of water resources. The ultimate goal for pulp and paper companies is to have effluent-free factories with no negative environmental impact. The traditional water treatment technologies that are used in paper mills are not able to remove recalcitrant contaminants. Therefore, advanced water treatment technologies are being included in industrial wastewater treatment chains aiming to either improve water biodegradability or its final quality. This book discusses various measures being adopted by the pulp and paper industry to reduce water consumption and treatment techniques to treat wastewater to recover it for reuse. The book also examines the emerging technologies for treatment of effluents and presents examples of full-scale installations.

First published in 1995, Surface Analysis of Paper examines surface analysis techniques from a paper industry perspective and places heavy emphasis on applications. Modern techniques, including ion mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and optical profilometry are reviewed in a straightforward manner. This new book provides details on widely used methods and instruments, and discusses how they can be used to attain, for example, contour maps of the microscopic constituents on paper surfaces and accurate analyses of the physical properties of paper. Organized into three sections, Surface Analysis of Paper provides thorough coverage of the physical characteristics of paper, and a clear picture of new and emerging analytical methods. Carefully chosen background material on fundamental concepts is included wherever such material assists in understanding the uses of analysis methods. Each chapter contains: An introduction A description of the technique A discussion of the type of information that can be obtained with the particular technique Practical examples to demonstrate the advantages of the technique

First published in 1995, Surface Analysis of Paper examines surface analysis techniques from a paper industry perspective and places heavy emphasis on applications. Modern techniques, including ion mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and optical profilometry are reviewed in a straightforward manner. This new book provides details on widely used methods and instruments, and discusses how they can be used to attain, for example, contour maps of the microscopic constituents on paper surfaces and accurate analyses of the physical properties of paper. Organized into three sections, Surface Analysis of Paper provides thorough coverage of the physical characteristics of paper, and a clear picture of new and emerging analytical methods. Carefully chosen background material on fundamental concepts is included wherever such material assists in understanding the uses of analysis methods. Each chapter contains: An introduction A description of the technique A discussion of the type of information that can be obtained with the particular technique Practical examples to demonstrate the advantages of the technique

For the past two millennia, the ability to produce paper in ever more efficient ways has supported the proliferation of literacy, media, religion, education, commerce and art. It has created civilisations, fostering the fomenting of revolutions and the stabilising of regimes. Now, on the cusp of "going paperless", Mark Kurlansky challenges common assumptions about technology's influence, affirming that paper is here to stay.

This four volume set covers the entire spectrum of pulp and paper chemistry and technology from starting material to processes and products including market demands. This work is essential for all students of wood science and a useful reference for those working in the pulp and paper industry or on the chemistry of renewable resources. This volume examines the physical properties of paper and modern demands on this versatile material. The book presents fundamental definitions of fibre networks and their structure, physical properties of the paper and their development during pressing and drying, interactions with moisture and its affect on mechanical properties, interactions between light and fibrous materials and the determination of optical properties of the paper, physical action of dry-strength and wet-strength chemicals, physical properties of the paper surface with special emphasis on printing and print quality, overview of packaging materials and the demands on paper from a packaging materials perspective, laminate theories for papermakers and theoretical models of paper for converting and end-uses.

This four volume set covers the entire spectrum of pulp and paper chemistry and technology from starting material to processes and products including market demands. This work is essential for all students of wood science and a useful reference for those working in the pulp and paper industry or on the chemistry of renewable resources. Volume 3 provides an overview of paper production and the ways in which the chemistry of starting materials and processes influence its quality and properties. The work treats fundamental properties of the fibre wall and the consolidation of fibres during pressing and drying, surface chemistry of fibres and their influence on the interaction between fibres/paper and other materials, mechanisms behind the adsorption of polyelectrolytes to fibres and fillers, acid and alkaline sizing of paper, basic fluid mechanical behavior of fibre suspensions, web forming, web pressing and web drying in a modern paper machine, calandering and coating of paper.

This four volume set covers the entire spectrum of pulp and paper chemistry and technology from starting material to processes and products including market demands. This work is essential for all students of wood science and a useful reference for those working in the pulp and paper industry or on the chemistry of renewable resources. Volume 2 focuses on creating an understanding of the chemical and technical processes involved in the production of pulp. The work treats wood handling, i.e. barking, chipping , storage and screening processes, chemistry and technology during mechanical and chemical pulp production, including pulping and bleaching chemistry and technology, production of bleaching chemicals at the mill, recovery processes, including the treatment and burning of black liquor and the white liquor preparation plant, paper recycling processes, changes in structure and properties of wood polymers and pulps in the pulping process line, description of the equipment and processes involved in the manufacturing of pulp, pulp characterization, including methods available to evaluate pulp properties, end-product requirements.

This four volume set covers the entire spectrum of pulp and paper chemistry and technology from starting material to processes and products including market demands. This work is essential for all students of wood science and a useful reference for those working in the pulp and paper industry or on the chemistry of renewable resources. Volume 1 provides a survey of the biological and chemical structure of wood as well as an introduction to the chemical reactions used during pulp production processes. The work presents the different raw materials used for pulp production, the macroscopic and morphological construction of wood and related characterization methods, the chemical structure and arrangement of the wood polymers and extractives, biosynthesis of wood polymers, carbohydrate and lignin analysis, reactions of wood polymers in mechanical and chemical pulping and bleaching processes, biotechnical processes of relevance for the pulp and paper industry, different types of microorganisms and their modes of interaction with wood, the impact of chemical and microbiological processes on the hierarchical structure of wood and pulp.

Usually firms introduce new technology in an incremental way, wisely seeking to minimise the adverse effects which business and employees might face. However, this is not always the case. Sometimes technological discontinuities occur when radically different technological systems and working practices are implemented, with the possibility of widespread disruption and conflict. This book looks at this topical issue through the experiences of the international giants of the Finnish paper industry - an industry at the cutting edge of fundamental technological innovation.

This book describes the most effective application of chemicals in bleaching. It starts with a brief overview of the history of bleaching and then focuses on recent developments. The ban of chlorine from bleaching pulp has shifted bleaching to environmentally sound procedures. Elementary Chlorine Free bleaching (ECF bleaching) and Totally Chlorine Free bleaching (TCF bleaching) are explained. The potential of different bleaching chemicals is exemplified in detail with a special focus on what to do and what to avoid. Very recent knowledge about the sources of yellowing is utilized to explain the ideal strategy for the removal of chromophores and their precursors. Emphasis is placed on applicable bleaching, in clear contrast to sophisticated, complicated or simply expensive pseudo modern bleaching. The target of this book is to explain the potential and the limitations of different chemicals and to demonstrate the necessity of comprehensive solutions for an environmentally sound use of the raw material wood, of chemicals, and of water in the production of pulp with top quality and yield. This book should educate students in the art of bleaching, assist mill personal in their continuous effort for process optimization, help research and technology managers to successfully select their targets, and be on hand as reference of the most recent bleaching technology.

Chemistry of Modern Papermaking presents a chemist's perspective on the papermaking process. With roughly 3% of the mass of a paper product invested in water-soluble chemicals, paper makers can adjust the speed and efficiency of the process, minimize and reuse surplus materials, and differentiate a paper product as required by specific customers. With research and development scattered across academic journals or the proprietary information of a variety of companies, the modern paper maker requires a one-stop resource for the general picture of the paper chemicals organic chemistry.

The remarkable effectiveness of chemicals at very low concentrations is a fascinating topic in paper chemistry. Chemistry of Modern Papermaking is an extensive collection of data combining the organic chemistry of paper with its potential applications. Within each chapter, paper chemicals are organized based on their chemical structure. After an introduction and brief history, the book explores the papermaking process, retention aids, temporary wet strength resins, wet strength resins, dry strength resins, internal sizing agents, creping adhesives and softeners, and chemicals for paper surface treatment. Uniquely, patents and scientific articles are included in almost equal number among the 3400 references.

Chemistry of Modern Papermaking focuses on the chemistry behind each application, on what has been done, and on what can be done. Never before has a book analytically arranged and lucidly explained such an expansive collection of details from both the patent and scientific literature. This synthesis is achieved not only through diligent work, but also through years of industrial experience.

Chemistry of Modern Papermaking presents a chemist's perspective on the papermaking process. With roughly 3% of the mass of a paper product invested in water-soluble chemicals, paper makers can adjust the speed and efficiency of the process, minimize and reuse surplus materials, and differentiate a paper product as required by specific customers. With research and development scattered across academic journals or the proprietary information of a variety of companies, the modern paper maker requires a one-stop resource for the general picture of the paper chemicals organic chemistry. The remarkable effectiveness of chemicals at very low concentrations is a fascinating topic in paper chemistry. Chemistry of Modern Papermaking is an extensive collection of data combining the organic chemistry of paper with its potential applications. Within each chapter, paper chemicals are organized based on their chemical structure. After an introduction and brief history, the book explores the papermaking process, retention aids, temporary wet strength resins, wet strength resins, dry strength resins, internal sizing agents, creping adhesives and softeners, and chemicals for paper surface treatment. Uniquely, patents and scientific articles are included in almost equal number among the 3400 references. Chemistry of Modern Papermaking focuses on the chemistry behind each application, on what has been done, and on what can be done. Never before has a book analytically arranged and lucidly explained such an expansive collection of details from both the patent and scientific literature. This synthesis is achieved not only through diligent work, but also through years of industrial experience.

This volume describes how conflicting managerial factors become mobilized to co-operate in situations of discontinuous technological change. The author develops a conceptual framework to analyze how technological discontinuities are managed within firms. The mobilization of management is shown to emerge, in part, from the resources in the sectoral and national context. These ideas are explored through an in-depth case study of the Finnish paper industry, in which the Finnish firms are major players at the cutting edge of technological innovation. The national perspective is particularly productive here, because it reveals the processes through which even limited resources can lead to industrial prosperity and success.

For what is thought of as an essentially mechanical process, paper manufacture involves a large amount of chemistry. The Chemistry of Paper provides an overview of the process of making paper from a chemical perspective. It deals with both the chemistry of paper as a material and the chemistry of its production, setting out the main principles involved at every stage of the process. Early chapters provide a chemical definition of paper in the light of the many uses to which it is put. Subsequent chapters deal with the chemical processes involved in the production of paper: the delignification of the wood fibres performed at elevated temperature and pressure, the bleaching of the cellulose-rich pulp using environmentally-friendly systems, the formation of the pulp into sheets of fibres strengthened by extensive inter-fibre hydrogen bonding, and finally the coating of the sheets in a manner appropriate to their end use. Chemistry is involved at every stage of the process, including carbohydrate chemistry, the chemistry of inorganic pigments and organic resins, colloid and surface chemistry, as well as elements of environmental and analytical chemistry. The Chemistry of Paper provides an informative and entertaining overview of the chemical principles involved. It will be especially suitable for students and others who require an introduction to the chemistry of paper manufacture.

The late A.H. Shorter is widely acknowledged for his pioneering work on the history of the British paper-making industry, and his books continue to provide the basis for further research. The present volume brings together all his many articles, hitherto scattered across a variety of specialist publications and often virtually inaccessible. In these studies Dr Shorter tackled the subject with a broader scope than was possible in his books; in particular, they cover the period after 1800, tracing the changing geographical pattern of the industry. They also contain a wealth of detailed information on papermaking across Britain, notably in the counties of southwest England, that is impossible to find elsewhere, and is now made accessible through the comprehensive indexes to the volume. Le regrette A. H. Shorter est largement reconnu pour ses travaux originaux sur l'histoire de l'industrie papetiere britannique et ses ouvrages continuent d'Atre A la base de toutes recherches supplementaires. Le present volume rassemble la totalite de ses nombreux articles, jusqu'A present disperses sur tout un eventail de publications specialisees et bien trop souvent inaccessibles. Au travers de ces etudes, l'auteur s'attaque au sujet sur un rayon plus large que cela n'avait ete possible dans ses livres; couvrant en particulier la periode apres 1800 et traAant la structure geographique de l'industrie. Le recueil contient aussi abondance d'informations detaillees sur la fabrication du papier partout en Grande-Bretagne, notamment dans les contes du sud-ouest de l'Angleterre, et qu'il est impossible de trouver ailleurs.

Orietta Da Rold provides a detailed analysis of the coming of paper to medieval England, and its influence on the literary and non-literary culture of the period. Looking beyond book production, Da Rold maps out the uses of paper and explains the success of this technology in medieval culture, considering how people interacted with it and how it affected their lives. Offering a nuanced understanding of how affordance influenced societal choices, Paper in Medieval England draws on a multilingual array of sources to investigate how paper circulated, was written upon, and was deployed by people across medieval society, from kings to merchants, to bishops, to clerks and to poets, contributing to an understanding of how medieval paper changed communication and shaped modernity.

Volume 1 NEW topics included in Volume 1: moisture-accelerated creep ultrasonic determination of stiffness fracture residual stresses This newly revised and expanded reference contains basic principles and the latest techniques in paper and paperboard testing, fostering an understanding of theory and mechanical testing parameters to evaluate results and make improvements. Emphasizes new procedures that utilize advanced microscopy equipment Featuring over 1400 references and 1000 equations, drawings, tables, photographs, and micrographs, the Second Edition of the Handbook of Physical Testing of Paper: Volume 1 covers mechanical properties of fibers fiber-fiber bond properties the measurement of viscoelastic behavior for the characterization of time-, temperature-, and humidity-dependent properties failure phenomena bending stiffness edgewise compression strength tissue and corrugated board and more Volume 2 This newly revised and expanded reference focuses on physical paper testing in the laboratory and online, highlighting assays for paper interactions with light, moisture, electricity, and heat; liquid and gas penetration; microscopy analysis; and paper surface properties. Describes laboratory testing devices and details step-by-step procedures Featuring over 1300 references, drawings, equations, tables, photographs, and micrographs that facilitate in-depth investigation of the field, the Second Edition of the Handbook of Physical Testing of Paper: Volume 2 discusses roughness and friction abrasivity and tactile properties conditioned test atmospheres optical and appearance properties porosity and gas permeability electrical and thermal interactions equipping the paper and board testing laboratory interlaboratory reference systems and more

This book focuses on the mechanical properties and performance of products made of fiber-based materials. It helps students to develop skills for solving problems of product performance and engineering challenges in product development. Organized with a problem-based approach - practical examples of product performance are presented and the relevant mechanics are analyzed to deduce which material properties control the performance. The new edition covers state-of-the-art and green technologies as modeling of fiber networks and applications of nanocellulose.

Pulp and paper mill industries are always associated with the disposal problem of highly contaminated sludge or bio-solids. The development of innovative systems to maximize recovery of useful materials and/or energy in a sustainable way has become necessary. The management of wastes, in particular of industrial waste, in an economically and environmentally acceptable manner is one of the most critical issues facing modern industry, mainly due to the increased difficulties in properly locating disposal works and complying with even more stringent environmental quality requirements imposed by legislation. This book presents a general Introduction on waste management in the pulp and paper industry and contains topics on the generation of waste in pulp and paper mills, waste composition, methods of sludge pre-treatment, processes and technologies for conversion of pulp and paper mill waste into valuable products, waste reduction techniques employed in the pulp and paper Industry worldwide and future trends.

This book provides the most up-to-date information available on various biotechnological processes useful in the pulp and paper industry. Each of the twenty chapters covers a specific biotechnological process or technique, discussing the advantages, limitations, and future prospects of the most important and popular processes used in the industry. Topics covered include tree improvement, pulping, bleaching, deinking, fiber modification, biosolids management, and biorefining.

This book covers bleach plant effluents, that most polluting effluent from the pulp and paper industry. Disappearance of benthic invertebrates, a high incidence of fish diseases, and mutagenic effects on the aquatic fauna are some of the consequences of the disposal of bleach effluents into surface waters. This book describes environmental impact of bleach plant effluents, environmental regulations, and measures to reduce the pollution load by internal process modification and external treatment of bleach plant effluents.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Digital Watermarking Secure Data Management, IWDW 2006, held in Jeju Island, Korea in November 2006. The 34 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited lectures cover both theoretical and practical issues in digital watermarking.