The Manual of Biocorrosion explains the microbiology, electrochemistry, and surface phenomena involved in biocorrosion and biofouling processes. Written primarily for non-specialists, the information in this manual is practical and offers a comprehensive look at the three components of biocorrosion: the microorganisms, the metal, and the aqueous environment. It also addresses methods for the monitoring, prevention, and control of biocorrosion. The first part of the book covers the fundamental aspects of microbiology, electrochemistry, and biofouling of metal surfaces. The second half describes biocorrosion assessment in the laboratory and the field, the main control and mitigation procedures used, practical case studies, and laboratory methods and formulations.
The Manual of Biocorrosion is the book the industrial sector (water treatment plants, oil refineries, etc.) has been waiting for, providing the basics for implementing prevention, control, and mitigation procedures. In addition, it covers the latest industry trends with discussions of biocide selection, strategies for treating biocorrosion without harming the environment, and the latest monitoring programs. The academic sector will benefit as well from the up-to-date information on mechanisms and recent advances in all biocorrosion aspects and technology. Research trends such as the application of surface analysis techniques and modern electron microscopy, the use of conventional and innovative electrochemical techniques for assessment, and microbial inhibition of corrosion are all considered.
Features
100 illustrations provide you with a visual understanding of the problems and techniques discussed
30 tables give you quick access to data
46 suggested readings provide references on books, conference and workshop proceedings, and special issues of scientific journals and technical publications specifically devoted to biocorrosion and biofouling
454 references offer a wide selection of up-to-date sources on specific subjects
Laboratory methods and formulations provide practical information for research and field work
Combination of information from a number of specialized fields presents a comprehensive view of biocorrosion
Chapters contain a "Key Features" section that summarizes conclusions and highlights key points
A glossary of terms presents easy-to-understand explanations of terms used in biocorrosion for the non-specialist

Contents:
Part 1 Theory: Green engineering and environmentally conscious manufacturing; infrastructure; regulations and the waste stream; new theories for environmental regulation; design for the environment; recycling issues; plastics for environmentally conscious engineering. Part 2 Design examples: design for assembly and disassembly; design for environmentally friendly vehicles; design for manufacturing process improvement; design for quality application in machining; life cycle analysis and maintainability; multiattribute utility analysis of municipal recycling.

This, the first of two volumes, gives a comprehensive treatment of the civil engineering work relating to sewers and emphasises the practical aspects of repair and renovation. A considerable amount of theoretical work already exists on this subject. However this book is unique in meeting the engineer's need for up-to-date information on the application of theory and incorporates some important recent developments in the field.
The technical aspects of survey and access are dealt with in some detail and the book also provides fundamental data on hydraulics, structural assessment and the use of the Wallingford Storm Sewer Package.

The fourth entry in the Basic Guide series, Basic Guide to Industrial Hygiene is an essential reference for anyone needing an elemental understanding of the growing industrial hygiene field. Written in a highly readable, easy-to-understand style, Basic Guide to Industrial Hygiene explains what industrial hygiene is, how it developed to its present professional level, and how to establish an industrial hygiene program. It also contains related information on such subjects of interest as human anatomy and industrial hazards. If you are a safety professional with limited experience in industrial hygiene, or if you are just beginning a career in industrial hygiene, this book will provide you with a thorough introduction to the fundamentals of this important discipline. This is what the reviewers are saying about Basic Guide to Industrial Hygiene: .,."will help someone to understand what industrial hygiene is, what it is about, the nature of the problems that industrial hygiene addresses and the general nature of controls." Roger Brauer, PhD, CSP, PE Technical Director, Board of Certified Safety Professionals "Mr. Vincoli is an excellent writer. His writing style holds your interest." Wesley R. VanPelt, PhD, CHP, CIH President, Wesley VanPett Associates "There is nothing like it in the field. It is needed by both higher education and practicing safety professionals who are being thrown into industrial hygiene things for which they have little preparation. This book lays it out for them."Keith E. Barenklau, PhD, PE, CSP Associate Professor and Program Director, Marshall University About the VNR Basic Guide Series The Van Nostrand Reinhold Basic Guide Series focuses on topics of interest totoday's safety, health, and environmental professionals. These manuals promote a quick and easy familiarity with certain subject areas that may be outside the professional's main field but are required knowledge on the job.

This time-saving book provides extensive coverage of all important aspects of nitrates in groundwater, ranging from prevention to problem assessment to remediation. It begins by highlighting the nitrogen cycle and related health concerns, providing both background information and a unique perspective on health issues. It then analyzes subsurface processes and the factors and practices that affect them. It thoroughly reviews aquifer vulnerability mapping, an emerging new management tool, and contains a nitrate pollution index that can be used in evaluating actual or potential nitrate pollution from agricultural areas. Best Management Practices are described and evaluated, and possible treatment measures are also explored. Thoroughly researched and well-organized, Nitrates in Groundwater provides a vivid snapshot of the status of nitrates in groundwater today.

Interest in solid waste disposal has been growing since the early 1960s, when researchers emphasized the potential for solid waste to harbor pathogenic microorganisms. Since then, society has become more interested in the environmental impacts of solid waste treatment and disposal, and how biological processes are used to minimize these impacts. This new text provides a basic understanding of the unique microbial ecosystems associated with the decomposition of municipal solid waste (MSW). It addresses the challenges of sampling and assaying microbial activities in MSW and describes preferred methods. The decomposition of MSW under anaerobic conditions in landfills and digestors is described, as well as under aerobioconditions during composting. The Microbiology of Solid Wastes discusses the need to consider MSW as an integrated system of collection, recycling, treatment, and disposal. A better understanding of solid waste microbiology will contribute to safe and economical solid waste management. Microbiologists, environmental engineers, and solid waste managers will all find this a useful reference.

This second edition features new and expanded coverage of contaminant hydrogeologic investigations. It presents a practical approach to completing investigations for environmental compliance, emphasizing the use of geologic principles in assessment to move sites toward cleanup. Stressing the basics of collecting data that can withstand regulatory scrutiny and achieve remediation, Principles of Contaminant Hydrogeology, Second Edition demonstrates how to solve a client's site contamination problem while maximizing cost effectiveness. It focuses on small- and medium-sized firms, for which speed, accuracy, and cost are all crucial factors in the site assessment and closure process.
Based on "real world" problems, the book takes you step-by-step through the investigation and includes client-consultant-regulator interaction, budgets, ethics, and data extrapolation for solving problems. It introduces concepts such as field logistics, drilling techniques, sampling protocols, contaminant movement, and remediation. Regulatory personnel, hydrogeological consultants, drilling contractors, remediation contractors, university instructors, and students will benefit from the wealth of information provided in this new edition.

Cryptosporidium, in its various forms, is a widely recognised cause of outbreaks of waterborne disease. Regulatory bodies worldwide are increasingly requiring the development of "fit-for-purpose" detection methods for this protozoan parasite, but analysis is often problematic. Bringing together international academic and industry-based experts, this book provides a comprehensive review of the current state of analytical techniques for the detection of Cryptosporidium, as well as looking at likely future developments. In particular, the issues of species identification and oocyst viability are addressed. Quality assurance issues and potential problems associated with the new Cryptosporidium regulations are also highlighted. The extent of the perceived problems and the regulatory backdrop against which the analysis must be carried out are also discussed. Scientists in the water industry, environmental testing laboratories, researchers, consultants, environmental health professionals, food manufacturers and regulatory or environmental bodies are amongst the many who should read this book. In addition, anyone with an interest in microbiological challenges and problem-solving will welcome the coverage.

Freshwater is a finite resource and is being deteriorated directly and indirectly by anthropogenic pressures. Preserving the quality and availability of freshwater resources is becoming one of the most pressing environmental challenges on the international horizon. To ensure the preservation as well as availability of freshwater resources, there is a need to understand the ecology of the freshwater systems, pollution problems, their impacts, restoration techniques to be opted and the conservation measures. In this backdrop the present book on 'Freshwater Pollution Dynamics and Remediation' has been compiled. The book provides an understanding about the present state of art, pollution impacts including the changes in the environmental quality as well as the shift in the aquatic biological communities of the fragile freshwater ecosystems. Besides, the impact of deteriorating quality of the freshwater ecosystems on the animal and human health is also discussed in detail. This book provides a comprehensive account of the techniques based on updated research in biotechnology, bio-remediation, phyto-remediation and nano-bioremediation. The role of biosorpers and biofilms as a remediation tool has also been detailed. The book is a ready reference for researchers, scientists and educators who are involved in the freshwater pollution, remediation and management studies. The book editors with an expertise in diverse research fields in freshwater ecosystems have congregated the most inclusive research accounts on the freshwater pollution and remediation and thus developed a repository of diverse knowledge on the subject

Hidden problems, buried deep in the pipe networks of water distribution systems, are very serious potential threats to water quality. Microbial Quality of Water Supply in Distribution Systems outlines the processes and issues related to the degradation of water quality upon passage through networks of pipes, storage reservoirs, and standpipes on its way to the consumer. The risks associated with biofilm accumulation, bacteria, and other contaminants are discussed in great detail. In addition to its excellent microbiological coverage of organisms in drinking water and biofilms in distribution systems, Microbial Quality of Water Supply in Distribution Systems provides clear treatments of the technical and public communication issues most commonly affecting the quality of water and water supply systems. The inclusion of numerous case histories in this new book makes it a complete reference source for anyone concerned with water quality and water distribution systems.

This study presents a multi-disciplinary approach for investigating the interactions between groundwater and surface water in the semi-arid Hailiutu catchment in the Erdos Plateau, Northwest China. The study consists of statistical detection of river flow regime shifts at the basin level; multiple in-situ measurements for quantifying groundwater discharges using hydraulic, hydrochemical and temperature methods at a local scale; analysis and simulation of impacts of different land use scenarios on groundwater and surface water interactions at the sub-catchment scale; and the quantification of temporal and spatial groundwater and surface water interactions with hydrochemical tracers and modelling methods at the basin scale. The study found that the river flow consists of mainly groundwater discharges at all scales. The river flow regime has been intensively altered by human activities, such as the construction of reservoirs, water diversion, groundwater exploitation, and reforestation. Water use by plants and crops consumes majority of the precipitation. Groundwater sustains vegetation growth and feeds river discharges. The water resources and ecosystem management priority should reduce evaporative water uses by promoting dry resistant plant species for vegetating sand dunes and lower irrigation demand crops for socio-economic development. Furthermore, the Hailiutu River catchment must manage the groundwater recharge for water resource conservation and the maintenance of healthy ecosystems.

Based on new primary and secondary drinking water standards, this detailed manual presents water treatment methods that are considered the "best available technology" by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It examines the design of water supplies for membrane water treatment plants, including reverse osmosis, membrane filtration, and electrodialysis methods, and it explains process design and the water quality problems associated with each process. It also considers significant aspects of membrane process and groundwater and surface water supply development. Information necessary to operate water supplies and evaluate problems in the system are provided, in addition to specific well construction details necessary for the water wells used to supply membrane plants.

Disinfection By-Products in Water Treatment describes new government regulations related to disinfection by-products. It explains the formation of microorganism by-products during water treatment and the methods employed to control them.
The book includes several chapters on chlorine by-products and discusses techniques for the removal of chloroform from drinking water. It also describes gamma radiation techniques for removing microorganic by-product precursors from natural waters and the removal of bromate from drinking water.

Photodegradation of Water Pollutants, the only complete survey available of current photocatalytic methods for treating water pollutants, covers all aspects of light-stimulated detoxification. Ideal for researchers and students, this new book explains methods for pollution treatment that have proven more effective than conventional biodegradation.
Photodegradation of Water Pollutants examines advanced oxidation processes that have been successful in treating the chemical substances produced by industrial effluents and intensive agriculture. These oxidation processes include irradiation with ultraviolet or visible light, the use of homogenous sensitizers, such as dyes, and the use of heterogeneous photocatalysts, such as dispersed semiconductors.
In addition, Photodegradation of Water Pollutants addresses the naturally occurring self-cleaning of some pollutants in sunlit surface waters, as well as several alternative non-photochemical approaches to water treatment. Available treatment options are discussed for the main groups of water pollutants, including toxic inorganic ions (cyanides, heavy metals), hydrocarbon derivatives (oil spills, surfactants, pulp and paper wastes), halocarbons, organo-N, organo-P, and organo-S compounds. The text also contains a unique section on the economics of advanced oxidation pollution treatments.

There have been very few, if any, books of a practical nature covering the 'art' of drilling holes in the ground especially for water. Some rather lengthy tomes are and have been available over the years which have been pretty well incomprehensible to the average field man, or indeed, those responsible for the administration of field operations. Most of those books have been written by people with peripheral disciplines to the industry thus haven't had the field experience to really get hold of the heart of the matter. Drilling for Water - 2 has been written to be understandable to field personnel and in their own terms. Everything in it is based on considerable field experience. Following the publication of Drilling for Water, many accolades were forthcoming such as ...packed with information... ...my bible... ...most welcome... ...a breath of fresh air... ...couldn't put it down... etc.

This book presents a comprehensive method by which to determine the proportionate share of the costs and revenues generated by the development of new water, wastewater, and stormwater facilities. It presents a rational, legally defensible approach to assessing charges based on the use of new and existing facilities to support new system development. Written by a consultant who has helped hundreds of communities deal with how to pay for growth, the book is designed for all communities presently engaged in calculating and administering charges for new development, as well as those planning for future growth.

In order to properly plan, design, and operate groundwater resources projects, it is necessary to measure - over time or distance - pertinent groundwater variables such as drawdown and discharge in the field. Applied Hydrogeology for Scientists and Engineers shows how to assess and interpret these data by subsurface geological setup and processing. The book helps readers estimate relevant groundwater parameters such as storativity, transmissivity, and leakage coefficient.
The text addresses many interrelated disciplines such as geology, hydrology, hydrogeology, engineering, petroleum geology, and water engineering. Traditional and current models for application are presented. One of the unique features of the book is the inclusion of new and previously unpublished ideas, concepts, techniques, approaches, and procedures developed by the author. Among these are hydrogeophysical concepts, slope matching techniques, volumetric approach solution for complicated groundwater flows, non-Darcian flow law applications, aquifer sample functions, dimensionless-type straight line methods, non-linear flow-type curves, discharge calculations from early time-drawdown data, storage coefficient estimation procedure for quasi-steady state flow, and much more. The pitfalls in aquifer test analysis are also detailed. Fractured medium flow adds yet another dimension to the book. Each method is supplemented by actual field data applications from worldwide case studies.
Applied Hydrogeology for Scientists and Engineers covers the topics of groundwater reservoirs, the evaluation of aquifer parameters, aquifer and flow properties, flow properties and bore hole tests, aquifer tests in porous and fractured media, well hydraulics, groundwater flow and aquifer tests, and field measurements and their interpretations.
This new reference also works well as a post-graduate textbook on the subject. Applied Hydrogeology for Scientists and Engineers expands the reader's knowledge by providing valuable information not found in any other publication.

This work offers an accessible discussion of current and emerging separation processes used for waste minimization, showing how the processes work on a day-to-day basis and providing troubleshooting tips for equipment that doesn't function according to design specifications. It describes the fundamentals of over 30 processes, types of equipment available, vendors, and common problems encountered in operations with hazardous waste.

There is a growing problem of performance degradation of wells and associated systems on sites where groundwater quality is monitored or remediation performed. This book acts as a valuable guide in keeping monitoring and pumping well systems operating to their best capacity. It addresses the need for and methods of environmental well maintenance and restoration. This guidebook to the causes of well deterioration, methods of well maintenance, and well restoration or well rehabilitation methods offers methods for prevention and control of deterioration.
If you are a consumer of professional services in well rehabilitation, this book will help you get the most from your professional help. It you are a provider, it is an important source of information intended to help you do your job better and more safely.

Although several monographs and reviews have appeared on individual polymers of this type, and their applications and other technical aspects have also been discussed, this is apparently the first book to deal with the physical chemistry of water-soluble synthetic polymers as a group. This collective survey enables their properties and behaviour to be compared, and to be correlated with their molecular structures for predictive purposes. However, this has made it necessary to critically re-appraise much of the earlier fundamental work, so that current discussion of more recent work can be put on ta proper basis. Thus, of the 1800 or so references cited, the middle two-thirds related to the twenty-year period centred on about 1968. Nevertheless, sufficient key recent references have also been included so that the existing 'state of the art is delineated.

Written by renowned experts in the field, this book assesses the status of groundwater models and defines models and modeling needs in the 21st century. It reviews the state of the art in model development and application in regional groundwater management, unsaturated flow/multiphase flow and transport, island modeling, biological and virus transport, and fracture flow. Both deterministic and stochastic aspects of unsaturated flow and transport are covered. The book also introduces a unique assessment of models as analysis and management tools for groundwater resources. Topics covered include model vs. data uncertainty, accuracy of the dispersion/convection equation, protocols for model testing and validation, post-audit studies, and applying models to karst aquifers.

Understanding the issues that have been encountered at other sites, and the steps that have led to successful resolution of these issues, can provide great help to those considering, planning, or implementing new groundwater recharge projects. Recent technical advances and operational experience have demonstrated that well recharge is a feasible and cost effective method of artificially recharging natural aquifers. This practical guide reviews the technical constraints and issues that have been addressed and resolved through research and experience at many sites. The book presents aquifer storage recovery (ASR) technology and traces its evolution over the past 25 years in the United States. Procedures for groundwater recharge are presented, and selected case studies are examined. Drinking water quality standards and conversion factors are provided in the appendix for easy reference.

Discharge of nutrient rich wastewater causes eutrophication of surface water; therefore wastewater treatment before discharge is required. Wastewater stabilization ponds are low cost technology used by developing countries but not effective in nitrogen removal due to low nitrifier biomass in the water column. Introduction of surface area for attachment of nitrifiers has therefore been proposed. This thesis reports the performance of pilot scale wastewater stabilization ponds fitted with baffles. The effect of baffles on nitrogen removal under tropical and two operational conditions was investigated. Under TKN/BOD ratio of 0.67, the baffled ponds performed better in nitrogen removal than the control pond. Total nitrogen mass balances showed that nitrification-denitrification, algal uptake and sedimentation were principle nitrogen removal mechanisms in biofilm waste stabilization ponds This study shows the potential of biofilms in improving nitrogen removal in wastewater stabilization ponds. The BOD and TSS concentrations were sufficiently low to permit for reuse in irrigation. If the objective is reuse and optimization of resources, the effluents from the ponds had sufficient nitrogen content for use in agriculture.

This study investigates the patterns that describe reliability of water distribution networks focusing to the node connectivity, energy balance, and economics of construction, operation and maintenance. A number of measures to evaluate the network resilience has been developed and assessed to arrive at more accurate diagnostics of regular and irregular demand scenarios. These measures have been proposed as a part of the methodology for snap-shot assessment of network reliability based on its configuration and hydraulic performance. Practical outcome of the research is the decision support tool for reliability-based design of water distribution networks. This computer package named NEDRA (Network Design and Reliability Assessment) consists of the modules for network generation, filtering, initialisation, optimisation, diagnostics and cost calculation, which can be used for sensitivity analyses of single network layout or assessments of multiple layouts. The study concludes that none of the analysed aspects develops clear singular patterns. Nevertheless, the proposed network buffer index (NBI) and the hydraulic reliability diagram (HRD) as visual representation of the network resilience give sufficient snap-shot pointing the composition of the index value, and displaying possible weak points in the network that can be hidden behind the averaged values of various reliability measures.

Prediction of microbial transport distances are usually based on the sticking efficiency, a parameter in the classical colloid filtration theory. This parameter represents the interaction between colloid and collector surfaces resulting in deposition. According to the theory, the sticking efficiency is invariable when physico-chemical characteristics of aquifer media are homogeneous. However, many research results have indicated variations within bacterial strains. In this research, the transport of Escherichia Coli in saturated quartz columns were conducted in the laboratory. The objectives were to characterise the distribution of sticking efficiency, measure low sticking efficiency values of cells, and to develop a methodology to measure minimum values of sticking efficiencies within bacterial sub-populations. Also, the work assesses the contribution of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Escherichia coli on their attachment to quartz grains.