Electroporation is an efficient method to introduce macromolecules such as DNA into a wide variety of cells. Electrofusion results in the fusion of cells and can be used to produce genetic hybrids or hybridoma cells.
Guide to Electroporation and Electrofusion is designed to serve the needs of students, experienced researchers, and newcomers to the field. It is a comprehensive manual that presents, in one source, up-to-date, easy-to-follow protocols necessary for efficient electroporation and electrofusion of bacteria, yeast, and plant and animal cells, as well as background information to help users optimize their results through comprehension of the principles behind these techniques.
Key Features
* Covers fundamentals of electroporation and electrofusion in detail
* Molecular events
* Mechanisms
* Kinetics
* Gives extensive practical information
* The latest applications
* Controlling parameters to maximize efficiency
* Available instrumentation
* Presents applications of electroporation and electrofusion in current research situations
* State-of-the-art modifications to electrical pulses and generators
* Application of electroporation and electrofusion to unique, alternative cell and tissue types
* Gives straightforward, detailed, easy-to-follow protocols for
* Formation of human hybridomas
* Introduction of genetic material into plant cells and pollen
* Transfection of mammalian cells
* Transformation of bacteria, plants, and yeast
* Production of altered embryos
* Optimization of electroporation by using reporter genes
* Comprehensive and up-to-date
* Convenient bench-top format
* Approximately 125 illustrations complement the text
* Complete references with article titles
* Written by leading authorities in electroporation and electrofusion

Offers a comprehensive nonmathematical treatment regarding the design and analysis of experiments, focusing on basic concepts rather than calculation of technical details. Much of the discussion is in terms of examples drawn from numerous fields of applications. Subjects include the justification and practical difficulties of randomization, various factors occurring in factorial experiments, selecting the size of an experiments, different purposes for which observations may be made and much more.

Free radical species are generally short-lived due to their high reactivity and thus direct measurement and identification are often impossible. ESR is the only technique which has the potential for direct detection of radicals but in biological systems even these must be trapped by a spin-trapping agent. Thus most investigations involve recognition of indicators of the presence of radicals in vivo or "FOOTPRINTS" of radical-mediated damage.

"Techniques in Free Radical Research" assembles and critically assesses the most relevant and reliable experimental approaches used towards the measurement of radicals and radical-mediated damage in chemical systems, in cells and in tissues under the following six headings: a) Footprints of DNA damage, b) Footprints of protein damage, c) Footprints of lipid peroxidation, d) Footprints of antioxidant consumption, e) Footprints via indirect radical assays, and f) Footprints via the availability of transition metal complexes.

BONE OF SPACE is in the remarkable collection of tradition Zen poetry begun in China in the T'ang dynasty, and today alive as ever through the poems of Zen Master Seung Sahn.

Multivariate Calibration Harald Martens, Chemist, Norwegian Food Research Institute, Aas, Norway and Norwegian Computing Center, Oslo, Norway Tormod NA]s, Statistician, Norwegian Food Research Institute, Aas, Norway The aim of this inter-disciplinary book is to present an up-to-date view of multivariate calibration of analytical instruments, for use in research, development and routine laboratory and process operation. The book is intended to show practitioners in chemistry and technology how to extract the quantitative and understandable information embedded in non-selective, overwhelming and apparently useless measurements by multivariate data analysis. Multivariate calibration is the process of learning how to combine data from several channels, in order to overcome selectivity problems, gain new insight and allow automatic outlier detection. Multivariate calibration is the basis for the present success of high-speed Near-Infrared (NIR) diffuse spectroscopy of intact samples. But the technique is very general: it has shown similar advantages in, for instance, UV, Vis, and IR spectrophotometry, (transmittance, reflectance and fluorescence), for x-ray diffraction, NMR, MS, thermal analysis, chromatography (GC, HPLC) and for electrophoresis and image analysis (tomography, microscopy), as well as other techniques. The book is written at two levels: the main level is structured as a tutorial on the practical use of multivariate calibration techniques. It is intended for university courses and self-study for chemists and technologists, giving one complete and versatile approach, based mainly on data compression methodology in self-modelling PLS regression, with considerations ofexperimental design, data pre-processing and model validation. A second, more methodological, level is intended for statisticians and specialists in chemometrics. It compares several alternative calibration methods, validation approaches and ways to optimize the models. The book also outlines some cognitive changes needed in analytical chemistry, and suggests ways to overcome some communication problems between statistics and chemistry and technology.

Fills the need for an experimental physics text. There are three main sections of the text. The first is an introduction that offers valuable insights into the importance of the human element in physics and traces the course of its historical development. This section also explains the objectives of the physics laboratory and the skills you must master to maintain a ``Notebook'' and analyze data, and presents a general discussion of spectroscopy experiments. The second section discusses the unique and valuable role of the computer in the laboratory and explains how to use it; software is included with the text. The final section contains over twenty experiments, providing students with a broad introduction into the use of a variety of instruments for carrying out many different measurements.

This text is intended to provide students with instruction and valuable laboratory experience in the often neglected area of inorganic chemistry. Divided into four main parts, the book covers chemistry of the main group elements, chemistry of the transition metals, organometallic chemistry, and bioinorganic chemistry. Recognizing the high cost of materials, difficulties in waste disposal, and dangers of toxicity, the authors have adopted a ``microscale'' approach to experiments in the book, thereby also reducing the time students spend in preparation. With over 45 experiments, Microscale Inorganic Chemistry incorporates the use of a broad sampling of elements and also covers such topics as laboratory safety, equipment, report writing, and literature searching.

The temperature on earth varies over a wide range whereas man can only work comfortably in a quite narrow temperature range that has to be artificially maintained. In addition, many industries have extensive requirements for temperature control. Thus control engineers are called upon very frequently to design temperature control loops. A general knowledge of control engineering is of course useful in designing temperature control loops.However, temperature control has some special features: (i) asymmetries caused by the usually differing mechanisms of heating and cooling (ii) complex nonlinear heat-transfer effects (iii) highly application-dependent measurement problems. The intention of this book is to treat the theory and practice of temperature measurement and control, and important related topics such as energy management and air pollution, at a level suitable for engineering and science undergraduate and postgraduate students, and in a manner designed to make the book valuable to practising engineers. There are no specific prerequisites for the book although a knowledge of elementary control theory could be useful. The philosophy of the book is a compromise between fundamentals and practical guidelines. It is the author's firm belief that it is highly desirable to obtain a good insight into theoretical fundamentals (deeper than can be justified on grounds of immediate utility) before embarking on practical applications. The aim has been to produce a practically oriented text within a firm theoretical outline. The first half of the book is an application oriented survey of temperature measurement techniques and devices. The second half is concerned mainly with temperature control in both simple and complex situations. There are chapters on heat sources, commercially available controllers, temperature control in buildings and energy conservation. The book ends with an appendix that rapidly surveys the underpinning thermodynamic theory.

From one of the most popular project channels on YouTube comes a how-to book on building things that go boom. Grant Thompson, The King of Random, has created one of the most popular project channels on YouTube, featuring awesome videos such as How to Make a Laser Assisted Blowgun and Assassin's Micro Crossbow. He currently has almost 10 million subscribers, posts 5 times a week, and averages over 40 million views a month. Partnering with Grant is Ted Slampyak, the artist behind the #1 New York Times bestseller 100 Deadly Skills. 52 Random Weekend Projects: For Budding Inventors and Backyard Builders is a guide that enables ordinary folks to build an impressive arsenal of projects. These crafts combine some of Grant's most popular projects--Matchbox Rockets, Pocket Slingshot Super Shooters, Proto-Putty, Ninja Balls, Mini Matchstick Guns, The Clothespin Pocket Pistol--with many new ones, providing clear instructions on how to build them step-by-step. Broken down into Beginner, Intermediate, and Advanced sections, 52 Random Weekend Projects is loaded with truly amazing projects, including: - Mousetrap Handgun - Mini Solar Scorcher - Air Vortex Canon - Air Mounted Skewer Shooter - Paracord Bullwhip - Bottle Cap Party Whistle - Ninja Stress Balls - Tablecloth Parachute - Skyblaster Slingshot And many more!

How is existing knowledge reconciled with new information in the mind of a young child, as compared to that of a more sophisticated thinker?
Development of Scientific Thinking Skills explores a new framework for the conceptualization of changes in the strategies of inductive reasoning from middle childhood to adulthood.
Key Features
* Cognitive development
* Thinking skills
* Scientific thinking
* Evidence evaluation
* Theory Revision

"Testing Scientific Theories " was first published in 1984. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions.

Since much of a scientist's work consists of constructing arguments to show how experiments and observation bear on a particular theory, the methodologies of theory testing and their philosophical underpinnings are of vital concern to philosophers of science. Confirmation of scientific theories is the topic of Clark Glymour's important book "Theory and Evidence," published in 1980. His negative thesis is that the two most widely discussed accounts of the methodology of theory testing - hypothetico-deductivism and Bayesianism - are flawed. The issues Glymour raises and his alternative "bootstrapping" method provided the focus for a conference sponsored by the Minnesota Center for Philosophy of Science and for this book. As editor John Earman says in his preface, the papers presented in "Testing Scientific Theories " germinate so many new ideas that philosophers of science will reap the harvest for years to come.

Topics covered include a discussion of Glymour's bootstrapping theory of confirmation, the Bayesian perspective and the problems of old evidence, evidence and explanation, historical case studies, alternative views on testing theories, and testing particular theories, including psychoanalytic hypotheses and hypotheses about the completeness of the fossil record.

Allgemeine Informationen, - Datenverwaltung mit Excel und SAS Studio.- Datenmanagement mit Excel und SAS Studio.- Vorbemerkungen und Informationen zur statistischen Analyse medizinischer Daten.- Deskriptive Statistik.- Zusammenhang von Variablen.- Statistische Tests fur unabhangige Beobachtungen.- Statistische Tests fur abhangige Beobachtungen.- Einstichprobentests und Konfidenzintervalle.- UEberlebenszeitanalyse.- Fallzahlberechnungen.- Anhang.

Since the Second World War the use of electronics has become essential in many forms of surveying. Equipment grows more and more sophisticated, and although there are users' manuals and scientific texts available which cover the basic theory, this is the first book which explains the workings of such equipment already and easily to the average user. Suddenly the "magic boxes" are made comprehensible. Calling upon a decade of experience, the authors have also described the practical use of equipment in the field, and have included in their chapters many hints and "tricks of the trade: which made be invaluable to the new surveyor.

The experiments in this book are designed for students beginning the study of organic chemistry. The purposes of the book are to teach the student some of the techniques of organic chemistry and to familiarize him with the methods of preparation and chemical properties of representative members of the important classes of organic compounds. Each section contains a brief introduction to that part of the work and should help the student to understand the subsequent experiments.

This volume contains a variety of basic chemistry experiments including a general introduction which details safety procedures, rules on the use of the balance, rules on the use of pipettes and burettes, and nomenclature.

The book is a guide to the practical application of statistics in data analysis typically encountered in the physical sciences. Students and researchers who work with experimental data will find this a valuable text. The topics include probability, random variables, Monte Carlo techniques, statistical tests, parameter estimation, and unfolding methods.

The Oxford Handbook of the History of Physics brings together cutting-edge writing by more than twenty leading authorities on the history of physics from the seventeenth century to the present day. By presenting a wide diversity of studies in a single volume, it provides authoritative introductions to scholarly contributions that have tended to be dispersed in journals and books not easily accessible to the general reader. While the core thread remains the theories and experimental practices of physics, the Handbook contains chapters on other dimensions that have their place in any rounded history. These include the role of lecturing and textbooks in the communication of knowledge, the contribution of instrument-makers and instrument-making companies in providing for the needs of both research and lecture demonstrations, and the growing importance of the many interfaces between academic physics, industry, and the military.

Praise for the "First Edition"

"If you . . . want an up-to-date, definitive reference written by authors who have contributed much to this field, then this book is an essential addition to your library."
--"Journal of the American Statistical Association"

Fully updated to reflect the major progress in the use of statistically designed experiments for product and process improvement, "Experiments," Second Edition introduces some of the newest discoveries--and sheds further light on existing ones--on the design and analysis of experiments and their applications in system optimization, robustness, and treatment comparison. Maintaining the same easy-to-follow style as the previous edition while also including modern updates, this book continues to present a new and integrated system of experimental design and analysis that can be applied across various fields of research including engineering, medicine, and the physical sciences.

The authors modernize accepted methodologies while refining many cutting-edge topics including robust parameter design, reliability improvement, analysis of non-normal data, analysis of experiments with complex aliasing, multilevel designs, minimum aberration designs, and orthogonal arrays. Along with a new chapter that focuses on regression analysis, the Second Edition features expanded and new coverage of additional topics, including:

Expected mean squares and sample size determination

One-way and two-way ANOVA with random effects

Split-plot designs

ANOVA treatment of factorial effects

Response surface modeling for related factors

Drawing on examples from their combined years of working with industrial clients, the authors present many cutting-edge topics in a single, easily accessible source. Extensive case studies, including goals, data, and experimental designs, are also included, and the book's data sets can be found on a related FTP site, along with additional supplemental material. Chapter summaries provide a succinct outline of discussed methods, and extensive appendices direct readers to resources for further study.

"Experiments," Second Edition is an excellent book for design of experiments courses at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable resource for practicing engineers and statisticians.

From building a bridge and crafting an automaton to making a guitar and creating a crane, Science Lab is packed with activities that young readers can do at home to explore, discover, and understand the way the world works.

How do boats stay afloat? How can seals stay warm in very cold temperatures? How can you make a ball levitate? With fun, hands-on projects and experiments, this book reveals how science, technology, engineering, and maths are woven through the world around us.

Simple steps guide readers through the stages of each project, with spotlights on the key science, technology, engineering, and maths learning involved in each project along the way. "Test and tweak" panels encourage young readers to experiment and take their projects to the next level, developing their independence, initiative, and creative thinking skills.

With a focus on STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering, and maths) across school curricula to prepare children for the modern world, Science Lab will inspire and engage inquisitive young readers. It's perfect for school projects, homework help, and firing up imaginations.

Providing the knowledge and practical experience to begin analysing scientific data, this book is ideal for physical sciences students wishing to improve their data handling skills. The book focuses on explaining and developing the practice and understanding of basic statistical analysis, concentrating on a few core ideas, such as the visual display of information, modelling using the likelihood function, and simulating random data. Key concepts are developed through a combination of graphical explanations, worked examples, example computer code and case studies using real data. Students will develop an understanding of the ideas behind statistical methods and gain experience in applying them in practice. Further resources are available at www.cambridge.org/9781107607590, including data files for the case studies so students can practise analysing data, and exercises to test students' understanding.