A step-by-step text on the basic tests performed in soil mechanics, Introduction to Soil Mechanics Laboratory Testing provides procedural aids and elucidates industry standards. It also covers how to properly present data and document results. Containing numerical examples and figures, the information presented is based on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards, and US Army Corps of Engineers engineering manuals.

The authors discuss the different methods of "in situ" field methods and "ex situ" laboratory methods of soil description and identification. They present equations for the physical properties of soil and laboratory methods of soil classification. They also discuss tests for the interaction of soil and water, and hydraulic conductivity and consolidation. These tests produce information useful in the identification and characterization of soil samples and their engineering behaviors.

A comprehensive resource, the book describesthe evaluation of physical properties of soils, including mass, weight, unit weight, and mass density of the soil mass and its component phases. These properties are then expanded to define a number of weight and volumetric relationships. The book also discusses tests used in the evaluation of the density-water content relationships in soils and in the evaluation of the quality of compaction operations. These features and more make this book an excellent guide for testing soils.

Ideal for undergraduates of geotechnical engineering for civil engineers, this established textbook sets out the basic theories of soil mechanics in a clear and straightforward way; combining both classical and critical state theories and giving students a good grounding in the subject which will last right through into a career as a geotechnical engineer. The subject is broken down into discrete topics which are presented in a series of short, focused chapters with clear and accessible text that develops from the purely theoretical to discussing practical applications. Soil behaviour is described by relatively simple equations with clear parameters while a number of worked examples and simple experimental demonstrations are included to illustrate the principles involved and aid reader understanding.

Geotechnique Symposium in Print 2011: The theme of this symposium blends together two areas of research which relate to the effects of suction and partial saturation on soil behaviour and the study of compaction as a method of soil improvement. The recurring interest in these areas of research, together with the recent increase in the number of international conferences dedicated to unsaturated soils, is a clear indication of the continued relevance of this theme to the geotechnical profession. Contributions to this symposium show that recent developments of experimental techniques and modelling tools have enhanced our understanding of unsaturated soil mechanics and have resulted in the formulation of conceptual material frameworks that are applicable to different categories of soils. Nevertheless, the impact of such advances on engineering practice is yet to be seen. The research included in this book can definitely contribute to closing the gap between research and practice by facilitating dissemination of our current knowledge of unsaturated soil mechanics. This knowledge has the potential to enhance the sustainability of current building practices by extending the use of locally sourced soils and, in general, to improve design of earth structures with consequent gains in safety and cost.

The concept of effective stress and the effective stress equation is fundamental for establishing the theory of strength and the relationship of stress and strain in soil mechanics and poromechanics. However, up till now, the physical meaning of effective stress has not been explained clearly, and the theoretical basis of the effective stress equation has not been proposed. Researchers have not yet reached a common understanding of the feasibility of the concept of effective stress and effective stress equation for unsaturated soils. Effective Stress and Equilibrium Equation for Soil Mechanics discusses the definition of the soil skeleton at first and clarifies that the soil skeleton should include a fraction of pore water. When a free body of soil skeleton is taken to conduct internal force analysis, the stress on the surface of the free body has two parts: one is induced by pore fluid pressure that only includes normal stress; the other is produced by all the other external forces excluding pore fluid pressure. If the effective stress is defined as the soil skeleton stress due to all the external forces excluding pore fluid pressure, the effective stress equation can be easily obtained by the internal force equilibrium analysis. This equation reflects the relationship between the effective stress, total stress and pore fluid pressure, which does not change with the soil property. The effective stress equation of saturated soils and unsaturated soils is unified, i.e., o~=o~t -Seuw-(1-Se)ua. For multiphase porous medium, o~=o~t -u*,u*=Seiui(i=1,2,...,M). In this book, a theoretical formula of the coefficient of permeability for unsaturated soils is derived. The formula of the seepage force is modified based on the equilibrium differential equation of the pore water. The relationship between the effective stress and the shear strength and deformation of unsaturated soils is preliminarily verified. Finally, some possibly controversial problems are discussed to provide a better understanding of the role of the equilibrium equation and the concept of effective stress.

Soilbags, Donow in Japanese, have been commonly used as temporary structures, rather than as real earth reinforcement construction parts, because of their rapid deterioration on prolonged exposure to sunlight. The amazing bearing capacity of soilbags has, however, initiated the development of a novel and effective earth reinforcement method in which the bearing capacity of soft foundations can be greatly improved. The bearing load of quality-controlled soilbags can reach 10% of that of concrete, and their durability as a semi-permanent material can exceed 50 years, provided that direct exposure to sunlight and ultra-violet rays is avoided. A New Earth Reinforcement Method Using Soilbags covers the development, properties and characteristics of soilbags, as well as design features of structures built with soilbags. The geotechnical applications of this method in railway ballast foundation reinforcement, soft building foundation reinforcement and retaining wall and embankment constructions are extensively described and richly illustrated by reference to case studies from Japan. the method in earth reinforcement and civil engineering construction in other countries. Developing countries may have particular interest in the soilbag method as an effective and economical alternative for conventional earth reinforcement techniques. This volume is intended for geotechnical and foundation engineers and other professionals working on earth reinforcement. It may serve as a supplementary information source on earth reinforcement for graduate students in soil mechanics and foundation engineering.

"Sex and the Second-Best City" deals with the topics of sex and society in the Laws of Plato with recourse to historical context and modern critical theory. It examines reconstructions of ancient "sexuality" with a view to increased clarification. The text of the Laws is considered, along with many of its literary qualities, its influences and the utopian plan that it proposes. Plato's narrator has outlined a theory by which sexuality can be controlled through the manipulation of people's thoughts. A significant portion of this inquiry deals with education in the hypothetical polis (Magnesia) and the part that this is designed to play specifically in terms of sex-role stereotyping. The Laws spins manliness as the ideal model for citizens to imitate in their mandatory pursuit of virtue. The reformulation of the Magnesian oikos entails a "brave new femininity" in which women must become more like (idealised) men in terms of "manly" enkrateia. Men must become less like women are perceived to be. A law is drafted to ban same-sex activities, considered "womanish," but there is uncertainty over whether or not it will be enforced. Psychology and propaganda, religion, education, the family and government all work together to shape the moral hygiene of Magnesia.

The field of experimental unsaturated soil mechanics has grown considerably over the last decade. In the laboratory and in the field, innovative techniques have been introduced into mechanical, hydraulic, and geo-environmental testing. Normally, this information is widely dispersed throughout journals and conference proceedings and it is often difficult to identify suitable equipment and instrumentation for research or professional purposes. In this volume, however, the authors bring together the latest research in laboratory and field testing techniques, and the equipment employed, and examine the current state-of-the-art in a forum devoted solely to experimental unsaturated soil mechanics. The papers published in the proceedings were peer-reviewed by internationally-recognized researchers. The topics tackled by the papers include suction measurement, suction control, mechanical and hydraulic laboratory testing, geo-environmental testing, and field-testing.

Many countries are increasingly threatened by major landslide disasters and fatalities due to extreme weather events which have major implications for public safety and the sustainability of infrastructure and the built environment. A further increase in such a trend could come from climate change. This book helps to fill in the gap due to the fact that landslide hazards are commonly not covered under the policy debate on climate change. The book highlights the importance of raising awareness to the challenges of landslide hazards due to climate impact. It provides a holistic frame for understanding the key issues and new tools that could be used to assess and manage the landslide risks. The book gathers contributions from 21 countries and regions in the form of national reports or summaries with respect to four key aspects: a) the methods used for evaluating changing weather and changing landslide patterns; b) the changing weather patterns; c) the changing landslide patterns and hazard scenarios; d) the applications to risk management and the formulation of adaptation measures. Recommendations are made for enhanced preparedness and resilience. Improved crisis management and areas for future work are suggested.

Covers development of trenchless technology; pipejacking and microtunnelling methods equipment: shields and tunnel boring machines; pipejacking: line, drive pit, top side; equipment: microtunnelling; design concepts.

Soilbags are usually incorporated into temporary structures, rather than being used in conventional construction, as they have a tendency to deteriorate rapidly on prolonged exposure to sunlight. The amazing bearing capacity of soilbags has, however, inspired the development of an earth reinforcement method in which the bearing capacity of soft foundations is enhanced, reaching ten per cent of that of concrete. New methods have seen their projected durability as a semi-permanent material extend to in excess of fifty years, provided that direct exposure to sunlight and ultra-violet rays is avoided. This book covers the development, properties and characteristics of soilbags, as well as design features of structures built by this method. The geotechnical applications in, for example, railway ballast foundation reinforcement, retaining walls and embankment constructions are extensively described and richly illustrated by reference to case studies from Japan. The intention is to stimulate a wider, international adoption of the method in earth reinforcement and civil engineering construction, with particular reference to developing countries. Geotechnical and foundation engineers and other professionals working on earth reinforcement will find this a valuable work, while it will provide supplementary information to graduate students in soil mechanics and foundation engineering.

J. Carlos Santamarina, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA in collaboration with Katherine A. Klein, University of Toronto, Canada; Moheb A. Fam, Cairo University, Egypt

Soils are unique materials. Analogous to all other particulate materials, their properties depend on environmental parameters, such as confinement and fluid characteristics. While their behavior is complex, simple micromechanical analyses at the particle level provide unparalleled insight. Furthermore, elastic and electromagnetic waves can be effectively used to gain complementary information about the particulate medium, leading to unique possibilities for studies in engineering and science, including field applications for site assessment and process monitoring.

This book is divided into five parts. The first part dwells on the problem of scale and includes a general introduction to materials. In the second part, the behavior of particulate materials is reviewed, with emphasis on the microscale interpretation of macroscale behavior. Fundamental differences between fine and coarse particulate materials are highlighted. The third and fourth parts center on the propagation of mechanical and electromagnetic waves in particulate materials, addressing phenomena such as stiffness, polarization and losses. These two units include laboratory techniques to measure the elastic and electromagnetic spectral response of particulate materials, and an extensive compilation of experimental data. Finally, the fifth part applies elastic and electromagnetic waves to monitoring process in soils.

Emphasis is placed on clear, simple analyses and explanations of complex physical phenomena, making this book ideal for self-study. Furthermore, no other book provides such an in-depth description of soils and their behavior and the interaction of elastic and electromagnetic waves and particulate materials (including material data and experimental methods). Thus, this is an invaluable reference for postgraduates, research scientists and practitioners in geotechnical, civil and environmental engineering, as well as scientists in related areas such as physics, geophysics and materials science.

Loess is a product of aeolian deposition during the Quaternary glaciation cycles and covers approximately 6% of the Earth's land. The Loess Plateau of China, which is home to a population of nearly three hundred million, has the thickest and most complete loess strata, where loess geohazards occur most frequently due to the weak geoenvironment and dense human activities. In recent years, the engineering geological characteristics of loess and geohazards in loess areas have gradually received increasing attention from academic researchers. This book reviews an informative collection of up-to-date literature in this field. It presents the unique features of loess and loess geohazards, and provides a strong foundation for future study via eight systematically structured chapters, e.g., origin and spatial distribution, loess landforms, microstructure, physical properties, permeability, shear strength, tensile strength, and loess geohazard. It can serve as a principal reference for researchers, practical engineers and technicians who are engaged in loess geology and surface processes, and is suitable especially for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the field of loess engineering geology.

Beaches in Japan have been eroding since the 1970s because of artificial land alterations and unsustainable coastal development. Almost all causes of the beach erosion in Japan are due to anthropogenic factors - as a result of human activity. This book presents the state of the beaches throughout Japan, looking at the current reality and the classification of causes of beach erosion using real-life, illustrated examples. It then goes on to look at practical models which can be used to predict changes to different types of beaches, and concludes with investigation of beach erosion as a wider structural problem. Lessons learnt show the manner in which excessive coastal development without clearly identified measures for beach protection can have widespread global ramifications.This second edition presents new findings from field studies carried out on Japanese beaches, along with the development and improvement of the numerical model presented previously. In addition to the first edition, six new examples of the beach erosion in Japan are included, as is new analysis of the BG model (a model for predicting based on Bagnold's concept), which can be applicable to various field problems.Originally published in Japanese (2004), this updated version gives clear practical guidance to coastal engineers working to prevent irreversible beach erosion and sustainable coastal development policy.

Rock dynamics has become one of the most important topics in the field of rock mechanics and rock engineering, and involves a wide variety of topics, from earthquake engineering, blasting, impacts, failure of rock engineering structures as well as the occurrence and prediction of earthquakes, induced seismicity, rock bursts to non-destructive testing and explorations. Rock dynamics has wide applications in civil and infrastructural, resources and energy, geological and environmental engineering, geothermal energy, and earthquake hazard management, and has become one of the most topical areas. 2019 Rock Dynamics Summit contains 8 keynote addresses and 128 regular full papers that were presented at the 2019 Rock Dynamics Summit (2019 RDS, Okinawa, Japan, 7-11 May 2019), a specialized conference jointly organized by the Rock Dynamics Committee of the Japanese Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE-RDC), the Japanese Society for Rock Mechanics (JSRM), and which was supported by the International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering (ISRM) and the Turkish National Society for Rock Mechanics (TNSRM). The contributions cover a wide range of topics on the dynamic behavior of rock and rock masses and scientific and engineering applications, and include: - Laboratory tests on Dynamic Responses of Rocks and Rock Masses / Fracturing of Rocks and Associated Strong Motions - Estimation Procedures and Numerical Techniques of Strong Motions Associated with the Rupture of Earth's Crust and Some Strong Motion - Dynamic Response and Stability of Rock Foundations, Underground Excavations in Rock, Rock Slopes Dynamic Responses and Stability of Stone Masonry Historical Structures and Monuments - Induced Seismicity - Dynamic Simulation of Loading and Excavation - Blasting and machinery induced vibrations - Rockburst, Outburst, Impacts - Nondestructive Testing Using Shock Waves - Case Histories of Failure Phenomenon in Rock Engineering 2019 Rock Dynamics Summit contains the state-of-the-art in rock dynamics, and will be invaluable to professionals and academics interested in the latest advances in new techniques for experiments, analytical and numerical modelling as well as monitoring in dynamics of rocks and rock engineering structures.

Following shifting trends from remedial to preventive uses of grouting practices, this third edition covers all aspects of chemical grouting methods and applications. This reference highlights new ground improvement techniques as well as recent innovations in soil modification and stabilization procedures. It considers commercial alternatives to ground improvement, their relative advantages and disadvantages, and the engineering applications to which these methods are suited. Revised and expanded, this new edition assesses the role of new grouting techniques in the containment of hazardous waste and introduces numerous problems to illustrate concepts and facilitate instruction.

The premixing method involves adding a small amount of cement to the soil used in reclamation. The cement reacts with the water in the soil to produce a stronger, non-liquifying material for construction. The premixing method can therefore reduce construction time, as the counter-measure work is carried out simultaneously with the reclamation process. In addition, the resultant material has enhanced bearing capacity, and there is a reduction in earth pressure due to the increase in cohesion. This book examines the premixing method in detail and is essential reading for coastal engineers, hydrologists, or construction engineers working in soft soil areas.

Detailing the proceedings of the Wave 2002 workshop at Okayama University in Japan, this collection of eighteen peer-reviewed papers concerns the issue of the ground vibration and noise caused by construction activities, explosions in the ground, or high-speed trains.
Providing key information for engineers, researchers, scientists, practitioners, teachers and students working in the field of structural dynamics or soil dynamics, this text also includes a useful address list in the appendix to enable readers to gather further information if required.

The thirty papers published in this book represent the latest developments in Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA). The Numerical Manifold Method (NMM) and other numerical methods and their applications are also covered, as are the theoretical contributions of 3D DDA, modelling and visualization of 3D joint systems, and high-order NMM. Applications of these advances include the stability of underground works, rock slopes and boreholes.

This volume provides an overview of the results of an extended test campaign performed on soil displacement screw piles at Limelett in Belgium in the period 2000-2002, where test piles have been installed to a very dense sand layer.

Attempting to extend the boundaries of land reclamation, this publication is a collection of conference papers addressing a range of topics from the practical challenges of cleaning up the most conaminated sites to the creation of new landscapes and the ethical issues surrounding land restoration.

This volume contains the papers contributed to the Nakase Memorial Symposium with the theme: Soft Ground Engineering in Coastal Areas, held in Yokusuka, Japan in November 2002. The meeting was organized as a tribute to Professor Ako Nakase, and was attended by 125 participants including his Japanese colleagues and friends from overseas. The topics covered included: fundamental Characteristics of Clay Soils; Estimation of consolidation settlement in large-scale reclamation; Soil improvement methods in coastal areas; Reuse of dredged soils and behaviour of coastal structures under earthquake; and Evaluation for the stability of coastal structures.

A must have reference for any engineer involved with foundations, piers, and retaining walls, this remarkably comprehensive volume illustrates soil characteristic concepts with examples that detail a wealth of practical considerations, It covers the latest developments in the design of drilled pier foundations and mechanically stabilized earth retaining wall and explores a pioneering approach for predicting the nonlinear behavior of laterally loaded long vertical and batter piles. As complete and authoritative as any volume on the subject, it discusses soil formation, index properties, and classification; soil permeability, seepage, and the effect of water on stress conditions; stresses due to surface loads; soil compressibility and consolidation; and shear strength characteristics of soils. While this book is a valuable teaching text for advanced students, it is one that the practicing engineer will continually be taking off the shelf long after school lets out. Just the quick reference it affords to a huge range of tests and the appendices filled with essential data, makes it an essential addition to an civil engineering library.

The extremes of constitutive and centrifuge modelling are explored here, with a range of lectures addressing specific areas of these two types of modelling as well as on specific design problems and the themes of failure, deformations and interfaces.

Clay behaviour is affected by coupled mechanical and chemical processes occurring in them at various scales. The peculiar chemical and electro-chemical properties of clays are the source of many undesired effects. These papers provide insight into the variables controlling clay behaviour.