This is a compehensive text covering the fundamentals of the theory of plasticity in the context of geomechanics, including the mathematical formulation of various constitutive theories as well as aspects of numerical integration.

This introductory 2004 textbook describes the nature of the Earth's environment and its physical processes so as to highlight environmental concerns arising from human use and misuse of soil and water resources. The author provides a thorough introduction to the basic issues regarding the sustainable, productive use of land resources that is vital in maintaining healthy rivers and good groundwater qualities. He develops a quantitative approach to studying these growing environmental concerns in a way that does not require prior knowledge of the physical sciences or calculus. The straightforward writing style, lack of prerequisite knowledge and copious illustrations make this textbook suitable for introductory university courses, as well as being a useful primer for research and management staff in environmental and resources management organisations. Each chapter ends with a set of student exercises for which solutions are available from [email protected].

The identification of meso-scale phenomena - occurring between microscopic and continuum length scales - has been one of the most exciting developments in rock mechanics in the last decade. Meso-scale phenomena are considered as the bridge between the two length scales in understanding shear between material interfaces as well as particulate systems and in studying material response. Examples are the initiation of seismic slip along fault planes at great depths at rates nearing shock conditions, and the initiation and rapid runout of landslides near the earth's surface. Additionally, the basic physics of thermo-poro-mechanical coupling can be elucidated through a meso-scale mechanics approach as a means of understanding the loss of shearing resistance when water and heat are trapped inside almost impervious clay layers under great pressure. This book presents a collection of 21 current, peer-reviewed articles on shear physics at the meso-scale in earthquake and landslide mechanics, authored by leading international experts in the field. Contributions are grouped in 5 chapters, discussing (1) the dynamics of frictional slip, (2) fault gauge mechanics, (3) experimental fault zone mechanics, (4) granular shear and liquefaction, and (5) landslides' dynamics. This research area has broad applications to the fields of earth sciences and geoengineering, with immediate bearing on our understanding of both earthquake and landslide mechanics, two geological processes that pose great risk to man kind worldwide.

Fracture and flow of rocks under stress and their geophysical and seismological implications raise fundamental questions in rock mechanics, particularly in the areas of tectonophysics and seismology. This text exclusively addresses the deformation and fracture of rock specimens under general triaxial compression, in which all three principal stresses are different; which significantly affects the ultimate strength of rocks. It moreover deals with deformation and failure following intermediate principal stress in graphic and numerical form. The effect of the intrinsic features of rock masses of inhomogeneous or anisotropic structure are taken into account, as are acoustic emission phenomena in rocks under various stress states. Friction in rocks, measured by a newly-designed shear-testing machine, is discussed in relation to earthquake phenomena.

This book is the first of a series of volumes on Built Heritage and Geotechnics, intended to reach a wide audience: professionals and academics in the fields of civil engineering, architecture, restoration and cultural heritage management, and even the wider public. The present volume provides essential information on the history of the construction of the Ghirlandina Tower in Modena, the techniques involved and the restoration works, and proves how the interaction with the supporting soil may explain the reasons behind the corrections that masons implemented during construction, the pattern of settlements suffered by the tower and the Cathedral and their mutual interaction. In addition to the above, there is one particular aspect that should capture the interest of a wide readership: in 1997 the Cathedral and the Ghirlandina Tower were included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, and it was recognized that the creation process shared by Lanfranco and Wiligelmo is a masterpiece of human creativity, in which a new dialectical relationship between architecture and sculpture was created in Romanesque art. The Modena complex bears exceptional witness to the cultural traditions of the 12th century in northern Italy's urban society, its organization, religious character, beliefs, and values all being reflected in the history of the buildings.

Craig's Soil Mechanics continues to evolve and remain the definitive text for civil engineering students worldwide. It covers fundamental soil mechanics and its application in applied geotechnical engineering from A to Z and at the right depth for an undergraduate civil engineer, with sufficient extension material for supporting MSc level courses, and with practical examples and digital tools to make it a useful reference work for practising engineers. This new edition now includes: Restructured chapters on foundations and earthworks, the latter including new material on working platforms and collapse of underground cavities (sinkhole formation). New mobilised-stress-based deformation methods that can straightforwardly be used with both linear and non-linear soil stiffness models and field measurements of shear wave velocity, for serviceability limit state design. Extended sets of correlations for making sensible first estimates of soil parameters, adding deformation-based parameters for broader coverage than the Eighth Edition. Extended section on robust statistical selection of characteristic soil parameters. Greater use of consolidation theory throughout in determining whether actions, processes and laboratory/in-situ tests are drained or undrained. Extended chapter on in-situ testing, adding the Flat Dilatometer Test (DMT), and interpretation of consolidation parameters from CPTU and DMT testing. An updated section on pile load testing. Additional worked examples and end-of-chapter problems covering new material, with fully worked solutions for lecturers. The electronic resources on the book's companion website are developed further, with the addition of two new spreadsheet numerical analysis tools and improvement of existing tools from the Eighth Edition. Using these, readers can take real soil test data, interpret its mechanical properties and apply these to a range of common geotechnical design problems at ultimate and serviceability limiting states.

Introduction to Soil Mechanics, Bela Bodo & Colin Jones

"Introduction to Soil Mechanics" covers the basic principles of soil mechanics, illustrating why the properties of soil are important, the techniques used to understand and characterise soil behaviour and how that knowledge is then applied in construction. The authors have endeavoured to define and discuss the principles and concepts concisely, providing clear, detailed explanations, and a well-illustrated text with diagrams, charts, graphs and tables. With many practical, worked examples and end-of-chapter and coverage of Eurocode 7, "Introduction to Soil Mechanics" will be an ideal starting point for the study of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering.

About the Authors

Bela Bodo B.Sc., B.A., C.Eng., M.I.C.E, was born in Hungary and studied at Budapest Technical University, the University of London and the Open University. He developed his expertise in Soil Mechanics during his employment with British Rail and British Coal.

Colin Jones B.Sc, C. Eng., M.I.C.E, P.G.C.E, studied at the University of Dundee, and worked at British Coal where he and Bela were colleagues. He has recently retired from the University of Wales, Newport where he was Programme Director for the Civil Engineering provision, specializing in Soil Mechanics and Geotechnics.

Also Available

"Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics"4th EditionJ C Jaeger, N G W Cook and R ZimmermanHardcover: 9780632057597

"Smith's Elements of Soil Mechanics"8th EditionIan SmithPaperback: 9781405133708

This book focuses on the seismic design of building structures and their foundations to Eurocode 8. It covers the principles of seismic design in a clear but brief manner and then links these concepts to the provisions of Eurocode 8. It addresses the fundamental concepts related to seismic hazard, ground motion models, basic dynamics, seismic analysis, siting considerations, structural layout, and design philosophies, then leads to the specifics of Eurocode 8. Code procedures are applied with the aid of walk-through design examples which, where possible, deal with a common case study in most chapters. As well as an update throughout, this second edition incorporates three new and topical chapters dedicated to specific seismic design aspects of timber buildings and masonry structures, as well as base-isolation and supplemental damping. There is renewed interest in the use of sustainable timber buildings, and masonry structures still represent a popular choice in many areas. Moreover, seismic isolation and supplemental damping can offer low-damage solutions which are being increasingly considered in practice. The book stems primarily from practical short courses on seismic design which have been run over a number of years and through the development Eurocode 8. The contributors to this book are either specialist academics with significant consulting experience in seismic design, or leading practitioners who are actively engaged in large projects in seismic areas. This experience has provided significant insight into important areas in which guidance is required.

Contents:
1. Stresses, Strains and Mohr Circles. 2. Failure States in Soil. 3. Failure in Rock. 4. Applied Laboratory Stress Paths. 5. Elastic Stress Paths and Small Strains. 6. The Use of Stress Discontinuities in Undrained Plasticity Calculations. 7. The Use of Stress Discontinuities in Drained Plasticity Calculations. 8. Stress Characteristics and Slip Lines.

Aa logical, integrated and comprehensive coverage of both introductory and advanced topics in soil mechanics in an easy-to-understand style. Emphasis is placed on presenting fundamental behaviour before more advanced topics are introduced. The use of S.I. units throughout, and frequent references to current international codes of practice and refereed research papers, make the contents universally applicable.

Written with the university student in mind and packed full of pedagogical features, this book provides an integrated and comprehensive coverage of both introductory and advanced topics in soil mechanics. It includes:

• worked examples to elucidate the technical content and facilitate self-learning
• a convenient structure (the book is divided into sections), enabling it to be used throughout two, three and four year undergraduate courses
• univerally applicable contents through the use of SI units throughout, frequent references to current international codes of practice and refereed research papers
• new and advanced topics that extend beyond those in standard undergraduate courses.

The perfect textbook for a range of courses on soils mechanics and also a very valuable resource for practising professional engineers.

At some time 30% of the world's land mass was covered by glaciers leaving substantial deposits of glacial soils under major conurbations in Europe, North and South America, New Zealand, Europe and Russia. For instance, 60% of the UK has been affected, leaving significant glacial deposits under major conurbations where two thirds of the population live. Glacial soils are composite soils with significant variations in composition and properties and are recognised as challenging soils to deal with. Understanding the environment in which they were formed and how this affects their behaviour are critical because they do not always conform to classic theories of soil mechanics. This book is aimed at designers and contractors working in the construction and extractive industries to help them mitigate construction hazards on, with or in glacial deposits. These soils increase risks to critical infrastructure which, in the UK includes the majority of the road and rail network, coastal defences such as the fastest eroding coastline in Europe and most of the water supply reservoirs. It brings together many years of experience of research into the behaviour of glacial deposits drawing upon published and unpublished case studies from industry. It draws on recent developments in understanding of the geological processes and the impact they have upon the engineering properties, construction processes and performance of geotechnical structures. Unlike other books on glaciation it brings together all the relevant disciplines in earth sciences and engineering to make it directly relevant to the construction industry.

Chalk has proved to be one of the more difficult rocks to core-log as it breaks up readily during the drilling process leading to core-loss and destructuring, particularly where flints, nodular chalks and/or fractures are present. One of the greatest difficulties is the identification of chalk engineering grade which relies heavily on fracture aperture. Obtaining the correct grade to define the depth of weathering and the depth at which fractures become closed is essential whether for tunnels in London or for wind turbine piled foundations in the offshore chalks. Very few geologists and engineers have had the opportunity to study field sections in the Chalk so there is little visual appreciation of the grades or the variation to expect or even what flint bands look like. To partly overcome this difficulty, both field and core sections are illustrated in this book. Equally important to recognising Chalk grade is the building of conceptual ground models for construction projects. This can only be achieved if the various Chalk formations, beds and marker beds can be identified from cores and then boreholes correlated using the marker beds.The Chalk stratigraphy is accordingly covered with key formations and marker beds illustrated, and the best field sections for viewing them identified. This book is based on the standard lithostratigraphy and method of engineering description of Chalk developed over many years. Also important are over 3000 onshore and offshore chalk-cored boreholes undertaken by the author over more than 30 years. In addition, typical lithologies and weathering profiles representing the Chalk formations likely to be encountered in the various onshore and offshore construction projects are illustrated using field exposures, rotary core samples and geophysical borehole wire-line logs. There will be geological settings where information on the Chalk is poor and unexpected lithologies and stratigraphies may be found. This book will enable geologists to work from first principles to construct a lithostratigraphy and define weathering boundaries.

This book covers the field of applied geotechnology related to all aspects of construction in ground, including compacted fill, excavations, ground improvement, foundations, earth retaining systems and geotechnical site characterization. It suits the first year of a graduate course on ground improvement and geoconstruction and will suit practicing engineers, both consultants and contractors. Distinctively it covers the identification of problematic soils and appropriate mitigation measures, and the inspection of ground construction work. It combines the technical and the practical in applied geotechnology.

Rock Slope Engineering covers the investigation, design, excavation and remediation of man-made rock cuts and natural slopes, primarily for civil engineering applications. It presents design information on structural geology, shear strength of rock and ground water, including weathered rock. Slope design methods are discussed for planar, wedge, circular and toppling failures, including seismic design and numerical analysis. Information is also provided on blasting, slope stabilization, movement monitoring and civil engineering applications. This fifth edition has been extensively up-dated, with new chapters on weathered rock, including shear strength in relation to weathering grades, and seismic design of rock slopes for pseudo-static stability and Newmark displacement. It now includes the use of remote sensing techniques such as LiDAR to monitor slope movement and collect structural geology data. The chapter on numerical analysis has been revised with emphasis on civil applications. The book is written for practitioners working in the fields of transportation, energy and industrial development, and undergraduate and graduate level courses in geological engineering.

This Practical Guide to Rock Tunneling fills an important void in the literature for a practical guide to the design and construction of tunnels in rock. Practical Guide to Rock Tunneling takes the reader through all the critical steps of the design and construction for rock tunnels starting from geotechnical site investigations through to construction supervision. The guide provides suggestions and recommendations for practitioners on special topics of laboratory testing, durability of rock and acceptance for unlined water conveyance tunnels, overstressing or deep and long tunnels, risk-based evaluation of excavation methods, contract strategies, and post-construction inspections. Key considerations and lessons learned from selected case projects are presented based on the author's extensive international experience of over 30 years and 1000 km of tunneling for civil, hydropower, and mining infrastructure, including some of the most recognized projects in the world to date. Instead of revisiting all theory and concepts that can be found in other sources, this book contains the hard learned lessons from the author's experience in the field of Rock Tunneling, gathered over 30 years of service.

In geomechanics, existing design methods are very much dependent upon sophisticated on-site techniques to assess ground conditions. This book describes numerical analysis, computer simulation and modelling that can be used to answer some highly complex questions associated with geomechanics. The contributors, who are all international experts in the field, also give insights into the future directions of these methods. Numerical Analysis and Modelling in Geomechanics will appeal to professional engineers involved in designing and building both onshore and offshore structures, where geomechanical considerations may well be outside the usual codes of practice, and therefore specialist advice is required. Postgraduate researchers, degree students carrying out project work in this area will also find the book an invaluable resource.

This book reviews the techniques used to improve the engineering behaviour of soils, either in situ or when they are used as a construction material. It is a straightforward, well illustrated and readable account of the techniques and includes numerous up-to-date references.

This book presents methods and results that cover and extend beyond the state-of-the-art in structural dynamics and earthquake engineering. Most of the chapters are based on the keynote lectures at the International Conference in Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics (ICESD), held in Reykjavik, Iceland, on June 12-14, 2017. The conference is being organised in memory of late Professor Ragnar Sigbjoernsson, who was an influential teacher and one of the leading researchers in the fields of structural mechanics, random fields, engineering seismology and earthquake engineering. Professor Sigbjoernsson had a close research collaboration with the Norwegian Institute of Science and Technology (NTNU), where his research was mainly focused in dynamics of marine and offshore structures. His research in Iceland was mainly focused on engineering seismology and earthquake engineering. The keynote-lecture based chapters are contributed by leading experts in these fields of research and showcase not only the historical perspective but also the most recent developments as well as a glimpse into the future. These chapters showcase a synergy of the fields of structural dynamics, engineering seismology, and earthquake engineering. In addition, some chapters in the book are based on works carried out under the leadership and initiative of Professor Sigbjoernsson and showcase his contribution to the understanding of seismic hazard and risk in Iceland. As such, the book is useful for both researchers and practicing engineers who are interested in recent research advances in structural dynamics and earthquake engineering, and in particular to those interested in seismic hazard and risk in Iceland.

This seasoned textbook introduces geology for civil engineering students. It covers minerals and rocks, superficial deposits and the distribution of rocks at or below the surface. It then looks at groundwater and gives guidance on the exploration of a site before looking at the civil engineering implications of rocks and the main geological factors which affect typical engineering projects.

The geosynthetic encased column (GEC) is a relatively recent method developed for soft soil improvement. The method was firstly introduced as a concept in the 1980s and first practical applications started in the 1990s. GECs have been widely used in some parts of the world for the last three decades. However, there is no book in the literature summarizing the knowledge accumulated during this period in relation to this soft ground improvement technique. The purpose of this book is to provide readers with the GEC fundamentals and practical applications. Chapter 1 presents the general principles of this ground improvement technique including the methods used for GEC installation and how the material properties may be selected. Chapter 2 presents the design methods, thus settlement calculations by means of analytical methods and stability calculations by limit equilibrium methods are explained in detail. Chapter 3 presents calculation examples illustrating the usual steps to be done for both service limit state and ultimate limit state designs. Then field performances exemplifying practical applications of the GEC technique are presented in Chapter 4 for some case histories. Following numerical analyses, often used in design to complement analytical methods, are presented in Chapter 5. Annexes I and II at the end contain the charts developed to perform settlement calculations. The book combines the experiences of four authors with different academic and industry backgrounds to describe GEC design and performance. It is aimed at civil engineers in general, particularly geotechnical engineers, either working in design or in practice, at graduate students, and at senior undergraduate students.

Unlike similar titles providing general information on ground improvement, Jet Grouting: Technology, Design and Control is entirely devoted to the role of jet grouting - its methods and equipment, as well as its applications. It discusses the possible effects of jet grouting on different soils and examines common drawbacks, failures and disadvantages, recent advances, critical reviews, and the range of applications, illustrated with relevant case studies. The book addresses several topics involving this popular worldwide practice including technology issues, the interpretation of the mechanisms taking place during the grouting, the quantitative prediction of their effects, the design of jet-grouted structures, and procedures for controlling jet grouting results. Discusses the design criteria for jet grouting projects and reviews existing design rules and codes of practice of different countries Provides practical methods for design calculations of the most important jet-grouted structures such as foundations, earth retaining walls, water cut-offs, bottom plugs, and provisional tunnel supports Includes the current standard control methods and most innovative techniques reported for the implementation of quality control and quality assurance procedures Jet Grouting: Technology, Design and Control analyzes the typical jet-grouted structures, such as foundations, earth retaining walls, water cut-offs, bottom plugs and tunnel supports, and serves as a practical manual for the correct use of jet grouting technology.

Rainfall-induced landslides are common around the world. With global climate change, their frequency is increasing and the consequences are becoming greater. Previous studies assess them mostly from the perspective of a single discipline-correlating landslides with rainstorms, geomorphology and hydrology in order to establish a threshold prediction value for rainfall-induced landslides; analyzing the slope's stability using a geomechanical approach; or assessing the risk from field records. Rainfall Induced Soil Slope Failure: Stability Analysis and Probabilistic Assessment integrates probabilistic approaches with the geotechnical modeling of slope failures under rainfall conditions with unsaturated soil. It covers theoretical models of rainfall infiltration and stability analysis, reliability analysis based on coupled hydro-mechanical modelling, stability of slopes with cracks, gravels and spatial heterogenous soils, and probabilistic model calibration based on measurement. It focuses on the uncertainties involved with rainfall-induced landslides and presents state-of-the art techniques and methods which characterize the uncertainties and quantify the probabilities and risk of rainfall-induced landslide hazards.Additionally, the authors cover: The failure mechanisms of rainfall-induced slope failure Commonly used infiltration and stability methods The infiltration and stability of natural soil slopes with cracks and colluvium materials Stability evaluation methods based on probabilistic approaches The effect of spatial variability on unsaturated soil slopes and more

Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering IX contains 204 technical and scientific papers presented at the 9th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering (NUMGE2018, Porto, Portugal, 25-27 June 2018). The papers cover a wide range of topics in the field of computational geotechnics, providing an overview of recent developments on scientific achievements, innovations and engineering applications related to or employing numerical methods. They deal with subjects from emerging research to engineering practice, and are grouped under the following themes: Constitutive modelling and numerical implementation Finite element, discrete element and other numerical methods. Coupling of diverse methods Reliability and probability analysis Large deformation - large strain analysis Artificial intelligence and neural networks Ground flow, thermal and coupled analysis Earthquake engineering, soil dynamics and soil-structure interactions Rock mechanics Application of numerical methods in the context of the Eurocodes Shallow and deep foundations Slopes and cuts Supported excavations and retaining walls Embankments and dams Tunnels and caverns (and pipelines) Ground improvement and reinforcement Offshore geotechnical engineering Propagation of vibrations Following the objectives of previous eight thematic conferences, (1986 Stuttgart, Germany; 1990 Santander, Spain; 1994 Manchester, United Kingdom; 1998 Udine, Italy; 2002 Paris, France; 2006 Graz, Austria; 2010 Trondheim, Norway; 2014 Delft, The Netherlands), Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering IX updates the state-of-the-art regarding the application of numerical methods in geotechnics, both in a scientific perspective and in what concerns its application for solving practical boundary value problems. The book will be much of interest to engineers, academics and professionals involved or interested in Geotechnical Engineering.

An earthquake is a powerful surface acoustic wave (SAW) generated by a seismic event, such as a volcano or motion of the Earth's layers, that propagates on the Earth's surface. This book explains the design of earthquake resistant structures using SAW techniques that offer a variety of experimental setups and theoretical models. Designs of protecting systems able to dissipate or deflect SSW energy built around buildings or towns located in earthquake regions set this book apart from other seismology publications.

An Ideal Source for Geologists and Others with Little Background in Engineering or Mechanics Practical Rock Mechanics provides an introduction for graduate students as well as a reference guide for practicing engineering geologists and geotechnical engineers. The book considers fundamental geological processes that give rise to the nature of rock masses and control their mechanical behavior. Stresses in the earth's crust are discussed and methods of measurement and prediction explained. Ways to investigate, describe, test, and characterize rocks in the laboratory and at project scale are reviewed. The application of rock mechanics principles to the design of engineering structures including tunnels, foundations, and slopes is addressed. The book is illustrated throughout with simple figures and photographs, and important concepts are illustrated by modern case examples. Mathematical equations are kept to the minimum necessary and are explained fully-the book leans towards practice rather than theory.This text: Addresses the principles of rock mechanics as it applies to both structural geology and engineering practice Demonstrates the importance of and methods of geological characterisation to rock engineering Examines the standard methods of rock mechanics testing and measurement as well as interpretation of data in practice Explains connections between main parameters both empirically as well as on the basis of scientific theory Provides examples of the practice of rock mechanics to major engineering projects Practical Rock Mechanics teaches from first principles and aids readers' understanding of the concepts of stress and stress transformation and the practical application of rock mechanics theory. This text can help ensure that ground models and designs are correct, realistic, and produced cost-effectively.