The currently available soil mechanics textbooks explain theory and show some practical applications through solving abstract geotechnical problems. Unfortunately, they do not engage students in the learning process as students do not "experience" what they study. This book employs a more engaging project-based approach to learning, which partially simulates what practitioners do in real life. It focuses on practical aspects of soil mechanics and makes the subject "come alive" through introducing real world geotechnical problems that the reader will be required to solve. This book appeals to the new generations of students who would like to have a better idea of what to expect in their employment future. This book covers all significant topics in soil mechanics and slope stability analysis. Each section is followed by several review questions that will reinforce the reader's knowledge and make the learning process more engaging. A few typical problems are also discussed at the end of chapters to help the reader develop problem-solving skills. Once the reader has sufficient knowledge of soil properties and mechanics, they will be offered to undertake a project-based assignment to scaffold their learning. The assignment consists of real field and laboratory data including boreholes and test results so that the reader can experience what geotechnical engineering practice is like, identify with it personally, and integrate it into their own knowledge base. In addition, some problems include open-ended questions, which will encourage the reader to exercise their judgement and develop practical skills. To foster the learning process, solutions to all questions are provided to ensure timely feedback.

This volume presents selected papers presented during the 4th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics. The papers address the geotechnical challenges in design, construction, maintenance, monitoring, and upgrading of roads, railways, airfields, and harbor facilities and other ground transportation infrastructure with the goal of providing safe, economic, environmental, reliable and sustainable infrastructures. This volume will be of interest to postgraduate students, academics, researchers, and consultants working in the field of civil and transport infrastructure.

This book assembles the practical rules and details for the efficient and economical execution of deep excavations. It draws together a wealth of experience of both design and construction from published work and the lifetime practice of the author. This second edition is extensively revised to include changes in design emphasis including those due to Eurocode 7 and descriptions of the latest equipment, construction techniques and geotechnical processes. Additional details include those of the latest piling and diaphragm wall equipment and innovations in top-down construciton applied to basements and cut-and-cover works. The section on caissons has been expanded to include design methods. The successful conceptual design of temporary and permanent works for the support of deep excavations requires both freshness of ideas and experience of similar construction. The purpose of this book is to present varied international examples in sufficient detail to allow this to succeed.

The two-volume set Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering is concerned with the application of the principles of mechanics to physical, chemical and electro-magnetic processes in the upper-most layers of the earth and the design and construction of the rock structures associated with civil engineering and exploitation or extraction of natural resources in mining and petroleum engineering. Volume 1, Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics, discusses rock-constituting elements, discontinuities and their behavior under various physical and chemical actions in nature. The governing equations together with constitutive laws and experimental techniques and the solution techniques are explained and some examples of applications are given. A number of chapters are devoted to possible new directions in rock mechanics. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering is intended to be a fundamental resource for younger generations and newcomers and a reference book for experts specialized in Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering and associated with the fields of mining, civil and petroleum engineering, engineering geology, and/or specialized in Geophysics and concerned with earthquake science and engineering.

Description: The seventeenth Geotechnique Symposium in Print took place at the Institution of Civil Engineers on 3 June 2013 and sought to address the new challenges that are emerging from the interactions between multi-physical phenomena. These proceedings bring together the international research presented at the symposium and published across two issues Geotechnique and as well as additional subsequent research published in the journal. This title examines: experimental analysis and constitutive modelling of the bio- and chemo-mechanical behaviour of geomaterials; effects of changes in the pore water chemistry on soil and rock behaviour; interactions between geometrical scales of diverse biological, chemical, physical and mechanical processes; case studies of chemical and biological soil modifications; and applications of bio- and chemo-mechanical models in emerging technologies.

Soil is fundamentally a multi-phase material - consisting of solid particles, water and air. In soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering it is widely treated as an elastic, elastoplastic or visco-elastoplastic material, and consequently regarded as a continuum body. However, this book explores an alternative approach, considering soil as a multi-phase and discrete material and applying basic Newtonian mechanics rather than analytical mechanics. It applies microscopic models to the solid phase and fluid phases, and then introduces probability theory and statistics to derive average physical quantities which correspond to the soil's macroscopic physical properties such as void ratio and water content. This book is particularly focused on the mechanical behaviour of dry, partially saturated and full saturated sandy soil, as much of the physicochemical microscopic characteristic of clayey soil is still not clear. It explores the inter-particle forces at the point of contact of soil particles and the resultant inter-particle stresses, instead of the total stress and effective stress which are studied in mainstream soil mechanics. Deformation and strength behaviour, soil-water characteristic curves, and permeability coefficients of water and air are then derived simply from grain size distribution, soil particle density, void ratio and water content. A useful reference for consultants, professional engineers, researchers and public sector organisations involved in unsaturated soil tests. Advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students on Unsaturated Soil Mechanics courses will also find it a valuable text to study.

Geotechnical engineering of landfills is a symposium designed to provide a forum for the presentation of recent developments in the design, construction and operation of landfills facilities. The papers presented in this volume bring together expertise and experience from industry, academia and the Environment Agency.

This book gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of computational geomechanics, as presented by international researchers and engineers at the 16th International Conference of the International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics (IACMAG 2020/21). Contributions include a wide range of topics in geomechanics such as: monitoring and remote sensing, multiphase modelling, reliability and risk analysis, surface structures, deep structures, dams and earth structures, coastal engineering, mining engineering, earthquake and dynamics, soil-atmosphere interaction, ice mechanics, landfills and waste disposal, gas and petroleum engineering, geothermal energy, offshore technology, energy geostructures, geomechanical numerical models and computational rail geotechnics.

Recent concerns over the durability and whole-life costs of systems such as steel and concrete, has focused attention on the self-repairing ability of vegetation, and its low-tech and low whole-life cost and maintenance requirements. The awareness of the beneficial effects of vegetation has been increasing within the civil engineering profession, and qualitative knowledge based on observations and experience has been augmented by field and laboratory testing throughout the world.This book contains the papers from the recent international conference on vegetation.

The concept of effective stress and the effective stress equation is fundamental for establishing the theory of strength and the relationship of stress and strain in soil mechanics and poromechanics. However, up till now, the physical meaning of effective stress has not been explained clearly, and the theoretical basis of the effective stress equation has not been proposed. Researchers have not yet reached a common understanding of the feasibility of the concept of effective stress and effective stress equation for unsaturated soils. Effective Stress and Equilibrium Equation for Soil Mechanics discusses the definition of the soil skeleton at first and clarifies that the soil skeleton should include a fraction of pore water. When a free body of soil skeleton is taken to conduct internal force analysis, the stress on the surface of the free body has two parts: one is induced by pore fluid pressure that only includes normal stress; the other is produced by all the other external forces excluding pore fluid pressure. If the effective stress is defined as the soil skeleton stress due to all the external forces excluding pore fluid pressure, the effective stress equation can be easily obtained by the internal force equilibrium analysis. This equation reflects the relationship between the effective stress, total stress and pore fluid pressure, which does not change with the soil property. The effective stress equation of saturated soils and unsaturated soils is unified, i.e., o~=o~t -Seuw-(1-Se)ua. For multiphase porous medium, o~=o~t -u*,u*=Seiui(i=1,2,...,M). In this book, a theoretical formula of the coefficient of permeability for unsaturated soils is derived. The formula of the seepage force is modified based on the equilibrium differential equation of the pore water. The relationship between the effective stress and the shear strength and deformation of unsaturated soils is preliminarily verified. Finally, some possibly controversial problems are discussed to provide a better understanding of the role of the equilibrium equation and the concept of effective stress.

This book addresses current and emerging challenges facing those working in offshore construction, design and research. Keynote papers from leading industry practitioners and academics provide a comprehensive overview of central topics covering deepwater anchoring, pipelines, foundation solutions for offshore wind turbines, site investigation, geohazards and emerging Australian frontiers. A further 125 peer reviewed papers introduce and analyse the critical challenges of offshore geotechnical engineering in the areas of the keynote subjects as well as piling, caissons and shallow foundation systems. The papers collected in these proceedings report a variety of numerical and theoretical investigations, experimental programs and field experience, with established design methods discussed alongside state-of-the-art practices.

This book discusses the effects of soluble mineral salts on ceramic brick masonry walls in Petrolina, a city in Pernambuco, Brazil, located 780 km from the ocean. To shed light on this phenomenon, the authors mapped the pathologies originating from the effects of soluble mineral salts and installed wells to monitor the underground water supply at five locations in the city where the phenomenon most frequently occurs. Further, they analyzed samples of soil, groundwater, and bricks affected by the phenomenon and measured levels of chloride in the atmosphere at these sites. The results obtained indicate that the pathological manifestations are influenced by the high levels of soluble salts observed in the soil and groundwater samples collected, and are not affected by chloride in the atmosphere.

Because of their structural simplicity, bridges tend to be particularly vulnerable to damage and even collapse when subjected to earthquakes or other forms of seismic activity. Recent earthquakes, such as the ones in Kobe, Japan, and Oakland, California, have led to a heightened awareness of seismic risk and have revolutionized bridge design and retrofit philosophies.

In Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges, three of the world's top authorities on the subject have collaborated to produce the most exhaustive reference on seismic bridge design currently available. Following a detailed examination of the seismic effects of actual earthquakes on local area bridges, the authors demonstrate design strategies that will make these and similar structures optimally resistant to the damaging effects of future seismic disturbances.

Relying heavily on worldwide research associated with recent quakes, Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges begins with an in-depth treatment of seismic design philosophy as it applies to bridges. The authors then describe the various geotechnical considerations specific to bridge design, such as soil-structure interaction and traveling wave effects. Subsequent chapters cover conceptual and actual design of various bridge superstructures, and modeling and analysis of these structures.

As the basis for their design strategies, the authors' focus is on the widely accepted capacity design approach, in which particularly vulnerable locations of potentially inelastic flexural deformation are identified and strengthened to accommodate a greater degree of stress. The text illustrates how accurate application of the capacity design philosophy to the design of new bridges results in structures that can be expected to survive most earthquakes with only minor, repairable damage.

Because the majority of today's bridges were built before the capacity design approach was understood, the authors also devote several chapters to the seismic assessment of existing bridges, with the aim of designing and implementing retrofit measures to protect them against the damaging effects of future earthquakes. These retrofitting techniques, though not considered appropriate in the design of new bridges, are given considerable emphasis, since they currently offer the best solution for the preservation of these vital and often historically valued thoroughfares.

Practical and applications-oriented, Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges is enhanced with over 300 photos and line drawings to illustrate key concepts and detailed design procedures. As the only text currently available on the vital topic of seismic bridge design, it provides an indispensable reference for civil, structural, and geotechnical engineers, as well as students in related engineering courses.

A state-of-the-art text on earthquake-proof design and retrofit of bridges

Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges fills the urgent need for a comprehensive and up-to-date text on seismic-ally resistant bridge design. The authors, all recognized leaders in the field, systematically cover all aspects of bridge design related to seismic resistance for both new and existing bridges.

• A complete overview of current design philosophy for bridges, with related seismic and geotechnical considerations
• Coverage of conceptual design constraints and their relationship to current design alternatives
• Modeling and analysis of bridge structures
• An exhaustive look at common building materials and their response to seismic activity
• A hands-on approach to the capacity design process
• Use of isolation and dissipation devices in bridge design
• Important coverage of seismic assessment and retrofit design of existing bridges

How Does Soil Behave and Why Does It Behave That Way? Soil Mechanics Fundamentals and Applications, Second Edition effectively explores the nature of soil, explains the principles of soil mechanics, and examines soil as an engineering material. This latest edition includes all the fundamental concepts of soil mechanics, as well as an introduction to foundation engineering, including coverage of site exploration, shallow and deep foundation design, and slope stability. It presents the material in a systematic, step-by-step manner, and contains numerous problems, examples, and solutions. New to the Second Edition: The revised text expands the contents to include an introductory foundation engineering section to make the book cover the full range of geotechnical engineering. The book includes three new chapters: Site Exploration, Deep Foundations, and Slope Stability. This text: Provides an introductory chapter on soil mechanics Explores the origin and description of soils and discusses soil shapes and gradations Presents the unique characteristics of clays Details soil classifications by the Unified Soil Classification System (also ASTM) and by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Highlights laboratory and field compaction techniques, including field specification and density testing,, and the CBR (California Bearing Ratio) method Discusses the flow of water through soils, defining hydraulic heads, as well as the two-dimensional flow net technique and a systematic approach to compute boundary water pressures Examines the concept of effective stress and its applications to various soil mechanics problems Explores stress increments in a soil mass due to various types of footing load on the ground Presents Terzaghi's one-dimensional consolidation theory and its applications Covers Mohr's circle from geotechnical perspectives with use of the pole, which is utilized in chapters relating to shear strength and lateral earth pressure Addresses the shear strength of soils, failure criteria, and laboratory as well as field shear strength determination techniques Evaluates at-rest earth pressure and the classic Rankine and Coulomb active and passive pressure theories and present critical review of those methods Reviews introductory foundation engineering and site exploration Describes the bearing capacity theory and, as an application, the shallow foundation design procedure Covers deep and shallow foundation design procedures Explains slope stability problems and remediation procedures, and more Soil Mechanics Fundamentals and Applications, Second Edition is a concise and thorough text that explains soil's fundamental behavior and its applications to foundation designs and slope stability problems and incorporates basic engineering science knowledge with engineering practices and practical applications.

The first book to focus on risk and uncertainty in ground conditions, Rock Engineering explains the geological principles and concepts required for successful geotechnical design and engineering of underground excavations. The book sets out the principles and techniques required in geology and rock engineering, including details on the evaluation of uncertainties in the geological and ground conditions, to support good practice in the design and engineering of underground projects. New to this edition: * Updated throughout in line with new research results and new examples * New aspects on swelling rock (rock geology) and a more detailed description of testing swelling rock * New section on engineering geological field registrations with forecast on conditions in tunnel * New sections on production capacity for drill and blast and for TBM

This work comprehensively combines soil and rock slope engineering in the one volume. With the increasing number of computer programs for solving slope stability problems, the need to check the outputs by hand calculation has become vitally important. Like its acclaimed companion volume A Short Course in Foundation Engineering this title focuses on getting the fundamentals right, explaining simple methods of stability analysis, and applying them to a wide range of practical applications. The title is illustrated with numerous worked examples and case studies, and with quick-reference tables and charts.

Many civil engineers leave university with some knowledge of applied mechanics, geology and some soil and rock mechanics but often a limited grounding in geotechnical engineering. A good geotechnical engineer needs to appreciate the balance between theoretical principles, practical experience and the uncertainties present when dealing with the ground in its natural state. The ICE Manual of Geotechnical Engineering is intended to address this need by delivering an authoritative and comprehensive reference providing the core geotechnical engineering principles, practical techniques, and the major questions engineers should keep in mind when dealing with real-world engineering challenges - all within a consistently coherent framework. This volume tackles the principles and provides a solid grounding in the discipline. Furthermore this volume covers assessment of the ground and soil properties and issues.

Papers cover topics including: physical modelling facilities; experimental advances; seismic experimental advances; education; soil behaviour; offshore systems; cold regions; geoenvironment; dynamics; earthquake effects; and strategies for disaster reduction.

The book describes the assessment of the risk and probability of occurrence of damage according to the Richter scale. It explains the connection of the probability theory of extreme processes with examples from the sciences of earthquake observation. In contrast to many views, the present analysis takes into account the complete population of all measurement data of the magnitudes from 0 to the measured maximum

Rock physics encompasses practically all aspects of solid and fluid state physics. This book provides a unified presentation of the underlying physical principles of rock physics, covering elements of mineral physics, petrology and rock mechanics. After a short introduction on rocks and minerals, the subsequent chapters cover rock density, porosity, stress and strain relationships, permeability, poroelasticity, acoustics, conductivity, polarizability, magnetism, thermal properties and natural radioactivity. Each chapter includes problem sets and focus boxes with in-depth explanations of the physical and mathematical aspects of underlying processes. The book is also supplemented by online MATLAB exercises to help students apply their knowledge to numerically solve rock physics problems. Covering laboratory and field-based measurement methods, as well as theoretical models, this textbook is ideal for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in rock physics. It will also make a useful reference for researchers and professional scientists working in geoscience and petroleum engineering.

This title provides a comprehensive overview of elastoplasticity relating to soil and rocks. Following a general outline of the models of behavior and their internal structure, each chapter develops a different area of this subject relating to the author's particular expertise. The first half of the book concentrates on the elastoplasticity of soft soils and rocks, while the second half examines that of hard soils and rocks.

Was ware die biologische Abwasserreinigung ohne Mikroorganismen? Die Ant wort auf diese Frage ist zweifellos trivial. Nicht trivial ist aber die Antwort auf die Ab Frage nach den Mikroorganismen selbst, die in Anlagen zur biologischen wasserreinigung tatig werden und uns helfen, die Qualitat unserer Grund- und Oberflachengewasser zu verbessern und langfristig auf einem hohen Niveau zu halten. Ober ein Jahrhundert hinweg haben sich Wissenschaftler und Praktiker bemiiht, die Artenzusammensetzung mikrobieller Lebensgemeinschaften in ihrer Abhangigkeit von den vorherrschenden Milieufaktoren erkennen und ver stehen zu lernen. Erst in jiingster Zeit gelingt uns aber ein vertiefter Einblick in die Welt der Belebtschlammflocken und BiofIlme. Neue Analysentechniken und neue Auswertemethoden haben dazu beigetragen, daB heute mehr Licht in das Dunkel der "black box" eindringen kann. Die Entwicklung der biologischen Abwasserreinigung befindet sich an einer Erkenntnisschwelle. Die Belebtschlammflocke hat ihren Namen deshalb erhalten, weil beim Blick durch das Mikroskop sich auch dem ungeiibten Betrachter ein vielfaltiges und bewegtes Treiben eroffnet. Belebtschlamm lebt. Ober Jahrzehnte hinweg standen die Protozoen und niederen Metazoen im Belebtschlamm und Tropfkorper rasen denn auch im Zentrum des Interesses. Verteilung und Haufigkeit des Vorkommens einzelner Leitorganismen wurden gem essen und in Beziehung zu den ProzeBbedingungen gebracht, unter denen die biologische Abwasser reinigungsanlage betrieben wurde. Daraus entwickelten sich die Empfehlungen und Vorschriften, die bis heute fur den Bau und Betrieb biologischer Klaran lagen maBgebend sind."

This new edition of Frozen Ground Engineering gives a peerless presentation of soil mechanics for frozen ground conditions and a variety of frozen ground support systems used on construction projects worldwide.

An authoritative update of the industry standard, this Second Edition covers the essential theory, applications, and design methods using frozen ground in the construction of deep shafts, tunnels, deep excavations, and subsurface containment barriers. New material features design models for pavement structures used in seasonal frost and permafrost areas, new information on the movement of fluid phase contaminants in frozen ground, and helpful appendices offering guidance on common frozen ground tests and SI unit conversions.

This new edition gives the essential information engineers, geologists, and students need in a complete reference, including up-to-date information on:

• Sensitivity of frozen ground to climate change
• Experimental work on frozen soil creep and strength
• Monitoring creep in frozen slopes
• Frost protection of foundations using ground insulation
• Highway insulation
• Load restrictions for seasonal frost areas

Landslides have geological causes but can be triggered by natural processes (rainfall, snowmelt, erosion and earthquakes) or by human actions such as agriculture and construction. Research aimed at better understanding slope stability and failure has accelerated in recent years, accompanied by basic field research and numerical modeling of slope failure processes, mechanisms of debris movement, and landslide causes and triggers. Written by seventy-five world-leading researchers and practitioners, this book provides a state-of-the-art summary of landslide science. It features both field geology and engineering approaches, as well as modeling of slope failure and run-out using a variety of numerical codes. It is illustrated with international case studies integrating geological, geotechnical and remote sensing studies, and includes recent slope investigations in North America, Europe and Asia. This is an essential reference for researchers and graduate students in geomorphology, engineering geology, geotechnical engineering and geophysics, as well as professionals in natural hazard analysis.

Mining activities may result in rock mass deterioration and instability that may lead to failure both in underground and open pit mines. Such deterioration represents a safety risk and may result in substantial financial losses. Rock mass response may lead to ground subsidence, fall of ground/caving, inundation, pillar collapse, seismic activities and slope and tailings dam instability. Each response is preceded by warning signs and precursors, which are identified in this book, with a view to providing guidelines for prediction and amelioration of damage to mining structures. Furthermore, case studies of both large scale ground deterioration leading to collapse and geotechnical mine disasters are presented. Identifying risks and monitoring geotechnical precursors and warning signs allows for safe and productive mining.