This book provides an insight in advanced methods and concepts for structural analysis and design against seismic loading. The book consists of 25 chapters dealing with a wide range of timely issues in contemporary Earthquake Engineering. In brief, the topics covered are: collapse assessment, record selection, effect of soil conditions, problems in seismic design, protection of monuments, earth dam structures and liquid containers, numerical methods, lifetime assessment, post-earthquake measures. A common ground of understanding is provided between the communities of Earth Sciences and Computational Mechanics towards mitigating seismic risk. The topic is of great social and scientific interest, due to the large number of scientists and practicing engineers currently working in the field and due to the great social and economic consequences of earthquakes.

Earthquakes are a way of life on Earth, and, whether you live in an area that is often affected by earthquakes or not, every building, every road, every bridge, and, in fact, almost everything constructed by humans in which we walk, sleep, live, sit, or visit, has to be constructed to withstand an earthquake, by following local, regional, or national codes, laws, and regulations. Further to this, the science and engineering behind these constructions go further than what is mandated by government as a part of their practice. All construction, and, in general, all life on Earth, has some risk of seismic impacts. A comprehensive description of any seismic action may be given only on a probabilistic basis and, in general, is very bulky and quite uncertain. However, for a variety of structures or systems that meet fairly simple models of behavior during earthquakes, a general description of the seismic action is not required, for prediction of the status of such facilities or systems may be sufficient to define one or more common parameters of seismic impact. Thus, it makes sense to search for optimal parameters of influence in which optimality is understood with the greatest ease with sufficient information. This book contains a description of several models of seismic effects and examples of implementation of these models at specific sites. Using this information, scientists and engineers can design structures that are stronger, safer, and longer-lasting. It is a must-have for any scientist, engineer, or student working in or researching seismic loads and constructions with a view toward withstanding seismic activity.

Questo eserciziario si propone di indirizzare gli Allievi verso la comprensione della materia con esercizi completamente svolti, a partire dallo schema concettuale fino a giungere all introduzione, nelle formule risolutive, dei valori numerici. Le figure, numerose e dettagliate, permettono di semplificare la descrizione della procedura per la soluzione. Frutto di alcuni anni di insegnamento dei due autori, la raccolta contiene numerosi esercizi raggruppati in nove Capitoli, che ricalcano l impostazione delle lezioni teoriche negli insegnamenti erogati alla Laurea Triennale e alla Laurea Specialistica. In Appendice sono riportati alcuni dati e formule di uso frequente. I procedimenti risolutivi non sono unici ma sono stati selezionati tra i pi semplici e intuitivi, in modo da allenare alla semplificazione. I dati numerici sono parametrizzati con riferimento alle due ultime cifre del numero di matricola per facilitarne l utilizzo in sede di esercitazione.

Natural hazards events such as earthquakes or volcanic eruptions involve activation of coupled thermo-hydro-chemo-mechanical processes in rocks. The 7th Euro-conference of Rock Physics and Geomechanics was held September 25 to 30, 2007, in Erice (Italy), to explore how rock physics experiments and models can facilitate understanding and constraint of natural hazards mechanisms, and, to foster cross-disciplinary collaborations.

The present book assembles unpublished contributions to the Erice conference. It presents new laboratory data, theoretical and numerical rock physics models and field observations relevant to the study of natural hazards. In particular, several papers are devoted to rock failure and explore the relationship between the competing deformation micro-mechanisms, as measured and characterized by acoustic emission activity and by microstructural observations, and strain localization. Several others investigate shear-induced anisotropy of mechanical and/or transport properties, both in large-scale geologic objects and in laboratory samples. The remaining papers treat various aspects of rock physics and their industrial applications such as geothermics and reservoir characterization.

The book is intended for researchers and graduate students in the Earth sciences, who are interested in surface and crustal processes, as well as for geotechnical engineers.

Earthquakes and tsunamis are two major natural disasters, causing enormous life and material losses over the entire world, especially in the developing countries that are not well prepared. Since earthquakes and tsunamis are natural phenomena that cannot be prevented, a series of measures need to be taken to minimize the losses. Disaster mitigation covers a wide variety of activities involving numerous disciplines. Civil engineering makes probably the most effective contribution to the mitigation of life and material losses in earthquakes and tsunamis.

This volume contains 11 major contributions of distinguished experts from various areas of civil engineering, and aims at informing the civil engineering community about the recent progress in disaster mitigation concerning earthquakes and tsunamis. It is designed to address the standard practicing civil engineer with the aim of carrying the scientific research results to the engineering practice in simple engineering language.

Recent earthquakes in many countries of the world have confirmed the potential for very large seismic events that until now were not forecast. The level of disturbance and destruction of highways and bridges as well as life, suffered during these dominant earthquakes were far greater than structural engineers and their associated design codes had predicted. One important lesson that has been learnt is that it is vital that bridges, which connect major transportation routes, must continue to function after an earthquake. In the quest of this realization, new technologies and design efforts by engineers have resulted in the development of seismic protection systems, which include Shock Transmission Units (STU) together with various seismic isolation and energy mitigation devices. In the only book to provide independent, non-proprietary information on the design and application of STUs, the author offers information on a wide range of different applications, including new and existing highway and railway bridges, as well as non-bridge structures such as nuclear power plants. Illustrated case studies included throughout, Shock Transmission Units in Construction is written by a proven expert in STUs and the only world authority on the subject.

Laboratory and Field Testing is the second volume of the five-volume set Rock Mechanics and Engineering and contains nineteen chapters from key experts in the following fields: - Triaxial or True-triaxial Tests under Condition of Loading and Unloading; - Joint Tests; - Dynamic and Creep Tests; - Physical Modeling Tests; - Field Testing and URLs. The five-volume set "Comprehensive Rock Engineering", which was published in 1993, has had an important influence on the development of rock mechanics and rock engineering. Significant and extensive advances and achievements in these fields over the last 20 years now justify the publishing of a comparable, new compilation. Rock Mechanics and Engineering represents a highly prestigious, multi-volume work edited by Professor Xia-Ting Feng, with the editorial advice of Professor John A. Hudson. This new compilation offers an extremely wideranging and comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in rock mechanics and rock engineering and is composed of peer-reviewed, dedicated contributions by all the key experts worldwide. Key features of this set are that it provides a systematic, global summary of new developments in rock mechanics and rock engineering practices as well as looking ahead to future developments in the fields. Contributors are worldrenowned experts in the fields of rock mechanics and rock engineering, though younger, talented researchers have also been included. The individual volumes cover an extremely wide array of topics grouped under five overarching themes: Principles (Vol. 1), Laboratory and Field Testing (Vol. 2), Analysis, Modelling and Design (Vol. 3), Excavation, Support and Monitoring (Vol. 4) and Surface and Underground Projects (Vol. 5). This multi-volume work sets a new standard for rock mechanics and engineering compendia and will be the go-to resource for all engineering professionals and academics involved in rock mechanics and engineering for years to come.

Das Buch behandelt die physikalischen und physiologischen Grundlagen der Technischen Akustik, Probleme der Maschinen- und Raumakustik sowie die akustische Messtechnik. Breiten Raum nehmen Fragen der Schallentstehung, der Luft- und Korperschallausbreitung sowie der Larmminderung ein, wie sie etwa im Schienen- und Strassenverkehr auftreten. Die Beitrage sind gegenuber der Vorauflage grundlich uberarbeitet und erweitert worden. Das Buch schildert damit nicht nur den aktuellen Stand der Technischen Akustik, sondern ist auch Hilfe und Anleitung fur Ingenieure zur Bewaltigung akustischer Probleme und Aufgabenfelder. "

Jahrlich werden in Deutschland mehr als 6 Milliarden Euro in die Abwasserbeseitigung investiert. Die Umsatzerlose betragen mehr als 9 Milliarden Euro. Die wirtschaftlichen Entscheidungen uber Investitionen, Bau- und Sanierungsmassnahmen, geeignete Betriebsformen, betriebliches Management und die sich daraus ergebenden Gebuhren und Beitrage werden auf Grundlage der Vorarbeiten von Ingenieuren aus dem Bereich der Siedlungswasserwirtschaft entschieden. Neben der Losung der technischen Fragestellungen mussen die Ingenieure daher grundlegende Kenntnisse der rechtlichen sowie der volks- und betriebswirtschaftlichen Zusammenhange ihres Fachgebiets haben.

In diesem Buch werden erstmals alle relevanten okonomischen Fragestellungen der Abwasserbeseitigung in einheitlicher und praxisbezogener Form dargestellt. Dies ermoglicht sowohl dem Anwender in Ingenieurburo oder Behorde als auch dem Studierenden, sich in die teilweise als kompliziert empfundene Thematik einzuarbeiten bzw. damit umzugehen. Viele Abbildungen und Rechenbeispiele tragen zum Verstandnis bei. Zur Anwendung kommen aktuelle Kostendaten, die dem Planer als konkrete Entscheidungshilfe dienen.

Bestandteil des Buches ist ein Rechenprogramm auf Excel-Basis, mit dem der Anwender eine Entscheidungshilfe bei der haufigen Fragestellung erhalt, ob im Bereich der Kanalsanierung eine Renovierung oder eine Erneuerung wirtschaftlich vorteilhaft ist."

Many countries are increasingly threatened by major landslide disasters and fatalities due to extreme weather events which have major implications for public safety and the sustainability of infrastructure and the built environment. A further increase in such a trend could come from climate change. This book helps to fill in the gap due to the fact that landslide hazards are commonly not covered under the policy debate on climate change. The book highlights the importance of raising awareness to the challenges of landslide hazards due to climate impact. It provides a holistic frame for understanding the key issues and new tools that could be used to assess and manage the landslide risks. The book gathers contributions from 21 countries and regions in the form of national reports or summaries with respect to four key aspects: a) the methods used for evaluating changing weather and changing landslide patterns; b) the changing weather patterns; c) the changing landslide patterns and hazard scenarios; d) the applications to risk management and the formulation of adaptation measures. Recommendations are made for enhanced preparedness and resilience. Improved crisis management and areas for future work are suggested.

Many civil engineers leave university with some knowledge of applied mechanics, geology and some soil and rock mechanics but often a limited grounding in geotechnical engineering. A good geotechnical engineer needs to appreciate the balance between theoretical principles, practical experience and the uncertainties present when dealing with the ground in its natural state. The ICE Manual of Geotechnical Engineering is intended to address this need by delivering an authoritative and comprehensive reference providing the core geotechnical engineering principles, practical techniques, and the major questions engineers should keep in mind when dealing with real-world engineering challenges - all within a consistently coherent framework.

Die neue DIN 1045 (2001) wird im Jahr 2002 bauaufsichtlich eingefA1/4hrt. Mit diesem Buch soll der Einstieg in die neue Normengeneration fA1/4r den Stahlbeton- und Spannbetonbau erleichtert werden. Durch die zahlreichen Anwendungsbeispiele soll dem praktisch tAtigen Tragwerksplaner die Umsetzung der formalen Nachweise verdeutlicht werden. Daher werden in diesem Buch zunAchst die Grundlagen des Sicherheitskonzepts und der Betontechnologie erlAutert. Die Nachweise im Grenzzustand der TragfAhigkeit fA1/4r Biegung ohne mit LAngskraft, fA1/4r Querkraft, Torsion und Durchstanzen sowie fA1/4r stabfArmige Bauteile mit LAngsdruck bilden die Grundlagen der Bemessung im Stahlbetonbau. DarA1/4ber hinaus werden die Bemessung vorgespannter Tragwerke, die Nachweise der Gebrauchstauglichkeit, fA1/4r ErmA1/4dung, Stabwerkmodelle und die bauliche Durchbildung behandelt und durch ausfA1/4hrliche Beispiele veranschaulicht.

Dieses Buch beschreibt eingangs den Lebensraum des Sediments fur die Biozonose sowie die biologischen und chemisch-physikalischen Aspekte, welche die Bioverfugbarkeit von Schadstoffen steuern. Aus Flussen, Astuaren und Hafen mussen Sedimente beseitigt werden, weil sie die Schifffahrt und den Hochwasserabfluss beeintrachtigen. Ein zweiter Schwerpunkt des Buches behandelt daher die Rolle des Sediments als Baggergut und die sich daraus ergebenden Probleme der Grenzwertfindung, die Entwicklung von Handlungskriterien, Zielvorgaben und Klassifizierungen fur eine Umlagerung. An zahlreichen Fallbeispielen werden Losungs- und Bewertungsansatze aufgezeigt. Im dritten Teil des Buches werden vom Fachausschuss Gewassersedimente in der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft der GDCh Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet und eine integrierte Bewertungsstrategie fur Sedimente vorgeschlagen, die biologische und okologische Merkmale mit chemischen Bewertungskriterien verknupft."

Mycorrhizal Mediation of Soil: Fertility, Structure, and Carbon Storage offers a better understanding of mycorrhizal mediation that will help inform earth system models and subsequently improve the accuracy of global carbon model predictions. Mycorrhizas transport tremendous quantities of plant-derived carbon below ground and are increasingly recognized for their importance in the creation, structure, and function of soils. Different global carbon models vary widely in their predictions of the dynamics of the terrestrial carbon pool, ranging from a large sink to a large source. This edited book presents a unique synthesis of the influence of environmental change on mycorrhizas across a wide range of ecosystems, as well as a clear examination of new discoveries and challenges for the future, to inform land management practices that preserve or increase below ground carbon storage.

Knowledge of the behavior of soil mechanics is essential for forecasting the internal displacements and actions of any construction. This book, although theoretical at first glance, also offers a more practical scope, giving readers adequate tools to plan geotechnical projects correctly.

Die Autorin erlAutert die Methoden der Geostatistik und deren Anwendung speziell in der hydrogeologischen bzw. umweltgeologischen Praxis. Nach der EinfA1/4hrung in die Theorie der ortsabhAngigen Variablen und deren Bedeutung fA1/4r hydrogeologische und umweltbezogene Fragestellungen wird die rAumlich-statistische Datenanalyse - die Variographie - vorgestellt. AnschlieAend werden die Familie der geostatistischen SchAtzmethoden - das Kriging - sowie Algorithmen der stochastischen Erzeugung von Parameterfeldern - die geostatistische Simulation - dargestellt. Abgerundet wird der Inhalt mit Methoden der Probenahmeoptimierung fA1/4r Fragen der Boden- und Grundwasserkontamination. Alle Abschnitte des Buches werden anhand praktischer Fallstudien illustriert. Auch die EinsatzmAglichkeit leicht zugAnglicher, preiswerter Programme wird beschrieben und diskutiert.

Nach Erhebungen der Abwassertechnischen Vereinigung (ATV) sind die offentlichen Kanalnetze teilweise stark beschadigt. Danach sollen in den alten Bundeslandern 20% der 300.000 km langen Rohrleitungen schadhaft sein. In den neuen Landern weist gar die Halfte der Abwasserkanale Schaden auf. Zur genauen Positionsbestimmung schadhafter Stellen wurden im Auftrag des BMBF u.a. neue Detektionsmethoden auf akustischer Infrarot- und Radarbasis entwickelt. Das vorliegende Handbuch bietet Kommunen und im Bereich der Kanalsanierung tatigen Unternehmen eine fundierte Hilfestellung bei der Klassifizierung von Schaden und den sich daraus ergebenden Prioritaten bei notwendigen Sanierungsmassnahmen."

Geopressure, or pore pressure in subsurface rock formations impacts hydrocarbon resource estimation, drilling, and drilling safety in operations. This book provides a comprehensive overview of geopressure analysis bringing together rock physics, seismic technology, quantitative basin modeling and geomechanics. It provides a fundamental physical and geological basis for understanding geopressure by explaining the coupled mechanical and thermal processes. It also brings together state-of-the-art tools and technologies for analysis and detection of geopressure, along with the associated uncertainty. Prediction and detection of shallow geohazards and gas hydrates is also discussed and field examples are used to illustrate how models can be practically applied. With supplementary MATLAB (R) codes and exercises available online, this is an ideal resource for students, researchers and industry professionals in geoscience and petroleum engineering looking to understand and analyse subsurface formation pressure.

Was ware die biologische Abwasserreinigung ohne Mikroorganismen? Die Ant wort auf diese Frage ist zweifellos trivial. Nicht trivial ist aber die Antwort auf die Ab Frage nach den Mikroorganismen selbst, die in Anlagen zur biologischen wasserreinigung tatig werden und uns helfen, die Qualitat unserer Grund- und Oberflachengewasser zu verbessern und langfristig auf einem hohen Niveau zu halten. Ober ein Jahrhundert hinweg haben sich Wissenschaftler und Praktiker bemiiht, die Artenzusammensetzung mikrobieller Lebensgemeinschaften in ihrer Abhangigkeit von den vorherrschenden Milieufaktoren erkennen und ver stehen zu lernen. Erst in jiingster Zeit gelingt uns aber ein vertiefter Einblick in die Welt der Belebtschlammflocken und BiofIlme. Neue Analysentechniken und neue Auswertemethoden haben dazu beigetragen, daB heute mehr Licht in das Dunkel der "black box" eindringen kann. Die Entwicklung der biologischen Abwasserreinigung befindet sich an einer Erkenntnisschwelle. Die Belebtschlammflocke hat ihren Namen deshalb erhalten, weil beim Blick durch das Mikroskop sich auch dem ungeiibten Betrachter ein vielfaltiges und bewegtes Treiben eroffnet. Belebtschlamm lebt. Ober Jahrzehnte hinweg standen die Protozoen und niederen Metazoen im Belebtschlamm und Tropfkorper rasen denn auch im Zentrum des Interesses. Verteilung und Haufigkeit des Vorkommens einzelner Leitorganismen wurden gem essen und in Beziehung zu den ProzeBbedingungen gebracht, unter denen die biologische Abwasser reinigungsanlage betrieben wurde. Daraus entwickelten sich die Empfehlungen und Vorschriften, die bis heute fur den Bau und Betrieb biologischer Klaran lagen maBgebend sind."