In the late 1990s composite materials offer structural engineers and architects exciting opportunities for all types of buildings and structures. As well as being light weight with excellent corrosion resistance, composite structures can be designed with improved properties compared to conventional structural materials, such as enhanced toughness and thermal properties. Composite materials have not yet found widespread application in construction. This is partly because many engineers do not have the necessary background expertise to take advantage of the properties and behaviour of composites. This text provides a comprehensive guide for engineers which will enable them to design composite structures with confidence. It integrates current knowledge on composites, bringing together information from various disciplines, such as materials science and aeronautical engineering, where composites are more widely used. The book gives thorough explanations of the mechanics of the structural concepts/forms best suited for advanced composites and presents simplified but exact methods of analysis for typical laminate orientations suitable for use in construction. It links the underlying mathe

This book presents the current state of the art concerning creep in wood, timber and timber structures. It brings together up-to-date information from research and practice about the interaction between moisture changes and mechanical loading, which may lead to excessive deflections or joints movements in timber structures. Modelling of this interaction is a relatively recent development, with important applications in timber engineering, that will have consequences for national and international structural codes of practice. The importance of deflection requirements in design of timber structures is first explained, and basic knowledge of time-dependent deformations, creep and predictive models is reviewed. The next chapters discuss the sensitivity of creep to different environments, deformation kinetics, mechano-sorptive creep, time-dependent slip of joints and creep testing of wooden structural components. The last two chapters summarize the variation of moisture in timber and creep analysis of timber structures. Priority research needs are identified and an appendix reviews national building code creep factors. The book will be invaluable for researchers in the field of wood mechanics and timber engineering, and for engineers in the timber industry and technical centres throughout the world.

This book examines the ways in which aluminium and its alloys satisfy the requirements of civil engineering structures and the applications in which they compete with steel. The first chapter presents aluminium alloys from the metallurgical and technological points of view which helps the engineer to understand the different designations and fabrication processes of alloys. In the second chapter aluminium alloys are presented as structural materials, the main differences from steel being emphasized from both the mechanical and cross-sectional properties points of view. The third chapter is devoted to specification aspects and provides the general lines of different international codes on safety, load and design criteria. Chapters four and five provide methods of analysis of welded connections and bolted connections, respectively, together with the presentation of different types of joint. Strength of members is examined in chapter six. References are provided at the end of each chapter. In this second edition, completely new chapters on fatigue design and fire resistance are included, and the chapter on stability is divided in two to take account of the new coverage of cylindrical

Can the newborn infant accurately record traumatic experience? Can early traumas be retained in memory? How would such traumatic memories affect later development? Where should we look for evidence of such traumas in adult patients? If Someone Speaks, It Gets Lighter provides surprising answers to these questions. Taking as her point of departure both her own clinical experience and case reports in the analytic literature, Lynda Share provides a thorough, at times revelatory, examination of the basic issues. She proposes that the controversy between narrative and historical truth be redefined in terms of the distinctly different memory systems involved and in terms of the special mechanisms whereby trauma, as opposed to ordinary expectable experience, becomes a major unconscious organizer of behavior and memory. Then, winding her way skillfully through contemporary debates about the limits of reconstruction, she argues persuasively that the impact of early infantile trauma can become accessible through disciplined analytic inquiry. Indeed, for Share, to forego the possibility of reconstructing such traumas in favor of an exclusively here-and-now interpretive approach is to risk perpetuating the trauma in all its pathogenicity. By contrast, when trauma can be reexperienced meaningfully in treatment, both behavioral reenactments and trauma-related transference issues can be dramatically clarified. Demonstrating her point with vivid clinical case reports, Share emphasizes the special value of dream interpretation in recovering the full psychological impact of events that occurred in the first few years of life. Through the imagistic dimension of dream formation, unconscious traumaticmemories gain access to an expressive vehicle through which the patient, aided by the analyst's understanding, can begin to work through early experiences that have heretofore been dimly known but not felt. At once a return to the intuitions of the early psychoanalytic pioneers and a foray into the recent insights of developmental psychology, If Someone Speaks, It Gets Lighter integrates scientific research with contemporary psychoanalytic theory to reclaim an important area of therapeutic intervention. Specifically, Share's framework enables analysts and therapists to realize the clinical imperative of helping patients move beyond the unconscious limits laid down by their earliest histories.

This text includes annotation on over 100 publications useful in developing building for safety programmes. Entries cover cheap and available material on the following subjects: housing and disaster; training; hazard-resistant construction; project planning and communication; community participation; finance; case studies.

An introduction to the investigation, extraction, processing and specification of natural soil and rock materials, with an emphasis on why particular material properties are sought and how they may be modified. The book covers the full range of soil and rock construction materials including crushed stone, sand and gravel, natural and prepared roadbase, earth fill and rock fill, heavy clays, armour stone and dimension stone. Environmental aspects of quarrying, such as the use of waste materials, blast monitoring and pit reclamation, are studied in detail. New developments are discussed such as the trend towards fewer but larger quarries, the employment of by-products, and the need for upgrading marginal materials. The use of plenty of diagrams and photos, and a clear writing style, make this an easy book to follow and extensive reference lists in each chapter guide the reader further into the more specialist topics.

Rock Slope Engineering covers the investigation, design, excavation and remediation of man-made rock cuts and natural slopes, primarily for civil engineering applications. It presents design information on structural geology, shear strength of rock and ground water, including weathered rock. Slope design methods are discussed for planar, wedge, circular and toppling failures, including seismic design and numerical analysis. Information is also provided on blasting, slope stabilization, movement monitoring and civil engineering applications. This fifth edition has been extensively up-dated, with new chapters on weathered rock, including shear strength in relation to weathering grades, and seismic design of rock slopes for pseudo-static stability and Newmark displacement. It now includes the use of remote sensing techniques such as LiDAR to monitor slope movement and collect structural geology data. The chapter on numerical analysis has been revised with emphasis on civil applications. The book is written for practitioners working in the fields of transportation, energy and industrial development, and undergraduate and graduate level courses in geological engineering.

The Channel Tunnel was a huge construction project, employing over 14,000 people at its peak, and costing over u11 billion of private money. This book follows the project, and shows how it has succeeded in spite of great financial, political and technical difficulties, and a fundamentally flawed contract. This book should be of interest to professionals involved in tunnelling, contractors, tunnelling and railway engineers, surveyors, planners; politicians; financiers; bankers and others concerned with planning or financing major projects; and the general reader interested in the story of the Tunnel.

Seismic Performance of Soil-Foundation-Structure Systems presents invited papers presented at the international workshop (University of Auckland, New Zealand, 21-22 November 2016). This international workshop brought together outstanding work in earthquake engineering that embraces a holistic consideration of soilfoundation-structure systems. For example, the diversity of papers in this volume is represented by contributions from the fields of shallow foundation in liquefiable soil, spatially distributed lifelines, bridges, clustered structures (see photo on front cover), sea floor seismic motion, multi-axial ground excitation, deep foundations, soil-foundation-structurefluid interaction, liquefaction-induced settlement and uplift with SFSI. A fundamental knowledge gap is manifested by the isolated manner geotechnical and structural engineers work. A holistic consideration of soil-foundation-structures systems is only possible if civil engineers work collaboratively to the mutual benefit of all disciplines. Another gap occurs by the retarded application of up-to-date research findings in engineering design practices. Seismic Performance of Soil-Foundation-Structure Systems is the outcome from the recognized need to close this gap, since it has been observed that a considerable delay exists between published research findings and application of the principles revealed by the research. Seismic Performance of Soil-Foundation-Structure Systems will be helpful in developing more understanding of the complex nature of responses these systems present under strong earthquakes, and will assist engineers in closing the gaps identified above.

Bridges play important role in modern infrastructural system. This book provides an up-to-date overview of the field of bridge engineering, as well as the recent significant contributions to the process of making rational decisions in bridge design, assessment and monitoring and resources optimization deployment for the purpose of enhancing the welfare of society. Tang specifies the purposes and requirements of the conceptual bridge design, considering bridge types, basic elements, structural systems and load conditions. Cremona and Poulin propose an assessment procedure for existing bridges. Kallias et al. develop a framework for the performance assessment of metallic bridges under atmospheric exposure by integrating coating deterioration and corrosion modelling. Soriano et al. employ a simplified approach to estimate the maximum traffic load effect on a highway bridge and compare the results with other approaches based on on-site weigh-in-motion data. Akiyama et al. propose a method for reliability-based durability design and service life assessment of reinforced concrete deck slab of jetty structures. Chen et al. propose a meso-scale model to simulate the uniform and pitting corrosion of rebar in concrete and to obtain the crack patterns of the concrete with different rebar arrangements. Ruan et al. present a traffic load model for long span multi-pylon cable- stayed bridges. Khuc and Catbas implement a non-target vision- based method for the measurement of both static and dynamic displacements time histories. Finally, Cruz presents the career of the outstanding bridge engineer Edgar Cardoso in the fields of bridge design and experimental analysis. The book serves as a valuable reference to all concerned with bridge structure and infrastructure systems, including students, researchers, engineers, consultants and contractors from all areas sections of bridge engineering. The chapters originally published as a special issue in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering.

The preventive methods described have proved highly effective. They comprise laying out the workings in such a way as to minimize dangerous concentrations of ground stresses, and early elimination by means of blasting, drilling, or water infusion. An account of these methods as applied in German coal mines, the deepest in the world. Contents: Rockbursts & similar phenomena; Conditions of occurrence; Influence of rock stress; Bursting & nonbursting coal; Long-term prevention; Direct prevention; Borehole patterns for direct prevention; Destressing methods; Case histories.

This book reviews the developments that have taken place in the field of geotechnical engineering since the first international conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering was held in Harvard University in 1936 until the January 1994 conference in New Delhi, India.

A study on rock mechanics in salt mining, this work includes coverage of the exploration and opening of salt mining, deformation and failure of the salt, strata mechanics and control for different mining systems, and stability analyses of the mine structures.

Guidelines for Design of Low-Rise Buildings Subjected to Lateral Forces is a concise guide that identifies performance issues, concerns, and research needs associated with low-rise buildings. The book begins with an introduction that discusses special problems with low-rise buildings subjected to wind and earthquakes. Chapter 2 examines probabilistic methods and their use in evaluating risks from natural hazards. It also addresses the characteristics of wind and seismic forces and levels of risk implied by building codes. Wind forces are covered in more detail in Chapter 3, with discussions of wind force concepts and wind-structure interactions. Chapter 4 is devoted to earthquake forces and traces the development of building codes for earthquake resistant design. Chapter 5 describes the main framing systems used to resist lateral forces and discusses the code requirements for drift control. The designs and requirements for connections between building elements are addressed in Chapter 6. It includes examples along with several illustrations of suitable connections. The performance of non-structural elements during wind and earthquake forces is also examined in detail.
This book serves as an important reference for civil engineers, construction engineers, architects, and anyone concerned with structural codes and standards. It is an excellent guide that can be used to supplement design recommendations and provide a design basis where there are no current requirements.

An innovative concept, smart structural systems have proven to be extremely effective in absorbing damaging energy and/or counteracting potentially devastating force, thus limiting structural collapse and subsequent injury. As this technology rapidly evolves, there is an ever-increasing need for an authoritative reference that will allow those in the field to stay abreast of the very latest advances. Smart Structures: Innovative Systems for Seismic Response organizes current research and technology to provide researchers and practicing engineers, as well as advanced students, with the means to learn about and apply the very latest smart structure innovations. Key features include- Complete mathematical formulations and numerical procedures for topics presented New technologies Design guidelines and examples based on current official codes Consideration of smart structures on a variety of foundations Discussion of the use of smart structures with passive or semi-active devices Extensive references Designed for self-teaching, the text emphasizes essential information on structural formulations, mechanism of control systems, and numerical algorithms. It also provides step-by-step numerical examples to illustrate mathematical formulations and interpret physical representations, enabling readers to understand the forumulae vis-a-vis their applications. Each chapter comprehensively explores a specific topic, from smart structure systems currently in use, to case studies utilizing simulated earthquake data.

Discussing rock breakage by blasting, this text includes: results of complex investigations into the rock breakage mechanism and the patterns of crack formation during a blast; problems of modelling; and principal equations linking the model with prototype and similarity criteria.

The major problems in predicting soil-structure interaction are based on the fact that soil is neither homogeneous nor elastic and is invariably much weaker than the structure it has to support. This text describes how a number of different methods of analysis and modelling, including the boundary element method, the finite element method and a range of classical methods, are used to answer some of the questions associated with soil-structure interaction. Contributions from 19 international practising engineers and researchers cover the following main topics: caverns; dams; embankments; excavations; subsidence; pavements; piles; pipelines; retaining walls and tunnels.

Control of Microstructures and Properties in Steel Arc Welds provides an overview of the most recent developments in welding metallurgy. Topics discussed include common welding processes, the thermal cycle during welding, defects that may occur during the welding process, the metallurgy of the material, metallurgical processes in the heat-affected zone and the fused metal, and the relationship between microstructures and mechanical properties. The book's final chapter presents examples of welded joints, illustrating how modern theories are capable of predicting the microstructure and properties of these joints. This book is an excellent resource for welding engineers, metallurgists, materials scientists, and others interested in the subject.

The stability of underground and surface geotechnical structures during and after excavation is of great concern as any kind of instability may result in damage to the environment as well as time-consuming high cost repair work. The forms of instability, their mechanisms and the conditions associated with them must be understood so that correct stabilisation of the structure through rock reinforcement and/or rock support can be undertaken. Rock Reinforcement and Rock Support elucidates the reinforcement functions of rock bolts/rock anchors and support systems consisting of shotcrete, steel ribs and concrete liners and evaluates their reinforcement and supporting effects both qualitatively and quantitatively. It draws on the research activities and practices carried out by the author for more than three decades and has culminated in a most extensive up-to-date and a complete treatise on rock reinforcement and rock support.

Innovative Earthquake Soil Dynamics deals with soil dynamics in earthquake engineering and includes almost all aspects of soil behavior. Both generally accepted basic knowledge as well as advanced and innovative views are accommodated. Major topics are (i) seismic site amplification, (ii) liquefaction and (iii) earthquake-induced slope failure. Associated with the above, basic theories and knowledge on wave propagation/attenuation, soil properties, laboratory tests, numerical analyses, and model tests are addressed in the first part of the book. A great number of earthquake observations in surface soil deposits as well as case histories with new findings are addressed in the later chapters, together with associated laboratory test data. Most of the research results originate from Japan, which is rich in earthquake records and case histories, although mostly isolated from the outside world because of the language barrier. Another important feature characterizing this book is an energy perspective in addition to the force-equilibrium perspective, because it is the author's strong belief that energy is a very relevant index in determining seismic failures, particularly of soils and soil structures. Innovative Earthquake Soil Dynamics is written for international readers, graduate students, researchers, and practicing engineers, interested in this field.

This book is a concise and comprehensive guide to building defects and building inspection. Whether, as a practitioner you are employed in buying, selling, managing or maintaining houses or whether, or as a layperson, you are buying a property to invest or live in, this book will help you make sound decisions and avoid costly mistakes. Written by two highly experienced authors, House Inspector is a general and accessible book which describes how and why house construction has changed, identifies some of the more common defects, and provides a series of elemental check lists. Essential reading for trainees and general practice surveyors, maintenance inspectors, housing managers, estate agents, planners, and even private purchasers and investors. This book will improve your knowledge and understanding of potential problems and provide a simple framework for a competent building inspection.

This is a comprehensive guide to autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) for designers, specifiers, users and manufacturers. It provides a model code of practice for the structural use of AAC and provides designers with a complete guide to the structural use of AAC in structural applications in building. The second part contains the complete suite of RILEM Recommendations for specification and testing of AAC. Recommendations for further research, structural design examples and a glossary of terms are also included. The book has been prepared by two international groups of specialists under the auspices of RILEM (The International Union for Testing and Research Laboratories for Materials and Structures). This book should be of interest to architects and structural engineers working in professional practices, as well as building contractors, researchers, manufacturers and testing authorities.

Special Structural Topics covers specialty structural situations for students and professional architects and engineers, such as soil mechanics, structural retrofit, structural integrity, cladding design, blast considerations, vibration, and structural sustainability. As part of the Architect's Guidebooks to Structures series, it provides a comprehensive overview using both imperial and metric units of measurement with more than 150 images. As a compact summary of key ideas, it is ideal for anyone needing a quick guide to specialty structural considerations.

This book examines the major changes in the technology now used for the measurement and processing of topographic and non-topographic spatial data, with emphasis on the new and emerging technology and its applications. Fundamental principles are introduced to explain the basic operation of different types of equipment. The book provides comprehensive coverage of modern surveying technology giving a full understanding of the rapid technological developments.

The book forms the Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Tubular Structures, following previous events in Boston (1984), Tokyo (1986), Finland (1989), Delft (1991). Sponsored by British Steel, International Institute of Welding and CIDECT, it forms an important forum for advanced structural research and development. The contributions cover developments in design, planning fabrication and construction of structures, prestigious international developments, and the continuing work of research and development; which are proceeding throughout the world. These papers describe the innovative use of structural steel, while also indicating developments in the understanding of the behaviour of such structures, with refinement of design procedures. This book should be of interest to structural engineers in reserach and industry, offshore industry, and architects.