This collection from the 12th International Conference on Magnesium Alloys and Their Applications (Mg 2021)-the longest running conference dedicated to the development of magnesium alloys-covers the breadth of magnesium research and development, from primary production to applications to end-of-life management. Authors from academia, government, and industry discuss new developments in magnesium alloys and share valuable insights. Topics in this volume include but are not limited to the following: Primary production Alloy development Solidification and casting processes Forming and thermo-mechanical processing Other manufacturing process development (including joining and additive manufacturing) Corrosion and protection Modeling and simulation Structural, functional, biomedical, and energy applications Advanced characterization and fundamental theories Recycling and environmental issues

Although progressing very well over the last years, the design criteria for bored and auger piles are still not fully under control and in acceptable synergism with the real pile foundation behaviour. Although there has been a lot of research in the past years worldwide on deep foundation engineering, the strong and competitive market has absolutely favorized the ingenuity of the contractora (TM)s world. A striking example of this is of such developments linked ideas on energy piles; one of the key topics in this book. This book presents the current status of screw or bore pile-soil interaction findings and developments.

This book provides the reader with a review of the most relevant research on the structural characterization and seismic retrofitting of adobe construction. It offers a complete review of the latest research developments, and hence the relevance of the field. The book starts with an introductory discussion on adobe construction and its use throughout the world over time, highlighting characteristics and performance of adobe masonry structures as well as different contributions for cultural heritage conservation (Chapter 1). Then, the seismic behaviour of adobe masonry buildings is addressed, including examples of real performance during recent earthquakes (Chapter 2). In the following chapters, key research investigations on seismic response assessment and retrofitting of adobe constructions are reviewed. The review deals with the following issues: mechanical characterization of adobe bricks and adobe masonry (Chapters 3 and 4); quasi-static and shaking table testing of adobe masonry walls and structures (Chapters 5 and 6); non-destructive and minor-destructive testing for characterization of adobe constructions (Chapter 7); seismic strengthening techniques for adobe constructions (Chapter 8); and numerical modelling of adobe structures (Chapter 9). The book ends with Chapter 10, where some general conclusions are drawn and research needs are identified. Each chapter is co-authored by a group of experts from different countries to comprehensively address all issues of adobe constructions from a worldwide perspective. The information covered in this book is fundamental to support civil engineers and architects in the rehabilitation and strengthening of existing adobe constructions and also in the design of new adobe buildings. This information is also of interest to researchers, by providing a summary of existing research and suggesting possible directions for future research efforts.

The Brooklyn Bridge is a pre-eminent global icon. It is the world's most famous and beloved bridge, a "must-see" tourist hotspot, and a vital fact of New York life. For almost a hundred and forty years it has inspired artists of all descriptions, fueling a constant stream of paintings, photographs, lithographs, etchings, advertising copy, movies, and book, magazine, and LP covers. In consequence, the bridge may have the richest visual history of any man-made object, so much so, in fact, that almost no major American artist has failed to pay homage to the span in some form or other. Oddly, however, there are no books currently available that chart and discuss the bridge's visual history or its role in the development of American (or Western) art. This monograph aims to correct that, providing a full visual record of the bridge from the origins of its conception to the present day. It is a celebration of the bridge's glorious visual heritage timed to appear when the city will celebrate the span's 125 th birthday.

.,."Richard Haw's beautiful book is about one of the world's great bridges, but also all about the city that makes it great." "-- Russell Shorto, author of The Island at the Center of the World"

Uncertainties play a dominant role in the design and optimization of structures and infrastructures. In optimum design of structural systems due to variations of the material, manufacturing variations, variations of the external loads and modelling uncertainty, the parameters of a structure, a structural system and its environment are not given, fixed coefficients, but random variables with a certain probability distribution. The increasing necessity to solve complex problems in Structural Optimization, Structural Reliability and Probabilistic Mechanics, requires the development of new ideas, innovative methods and numerical tools for providing accurate numerical solutions in affordable computing times. This book presents the latest findings on structural optimization considering uncertainties. It contains selected contributions dealing with the use of probabilistic methods for the optimal design of different types of structures and various considerations of uncertainties. The first part is focused on reliability-based design optimization and the second part on robust design optimization. Comprising twenty-one, self-contained chapters by prominent authors in the field, it forms a complete collection of state-of-the-art theoretical advances and applications in the fields of structural optimization, structural reliability, and probabilistic computational mechanics. It is recommended to researchers, engineers, and students in civil, mechanical, naval and aerospace engineering and to professionals working on complicated costs-effective design problems.

In recent years knowledge of concrete and concrete structures has increased, as has its applications. New types of concrete challenged scientists and engineers, and ecological constraints encouraged the implementation of life cycle design of concrete structures, moving the focus more and more to maintenance and uprating of structures. And since buildings are not only designed for safety and serviceability, but also for flexibility and adaptability, the design of performance based materials and structures has become more and more important.

Tailor Made Concrete Structures. New Solutions for our Society comprises the proceedings of the International fib Symposium 2008 (Amsterdam, 19-22 May 2008), and considers these new perspectives and developments, including sections on new materials (i.e. fire resisting concrete, ultra-high performance fibered concrete, textile reinforced concrete, bacteria-based self healing concrete) and codes for the future (i.e. the American P2P Iniative, fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) applications in construction, Codes for SFRC Structures).

The book includes contributions from leading scientists and professionals in concrete and concrete structures worldwide, and covers:

Life cycle design

Design strategies for the future

Underground structures

Monitoring and Inspection

Diagnosis

Innovative materials

Codes for the future

Modifying and adapting structures

Architectural Concrete

Developing a modern infrastructure

Designing structures against extreme loads

Increasing the speed of construction

Tailor Made Concrete Structures. New Solutions for our Society includes the state-of-the-art in research on concrete and concrete structures, and will be invaluable to professionals, structural engineers and scientists.

The book focuses on the recent innovations in computational techniques, material and digital fabrication technology that are revolutionizing the design, analysis and construction of surface structures. Powerful analysis tools now enable the accurate prediction of structural behaviour and manufacturing processes. Material innovations in the area of cementitious and other composites, glass, or smart materials, to just name a few, are challenging architects to find appropriate forms and applications. Digitally supported fabrication technology has taken a quantum leap since the time of the master shell builders 40 years ago, unfolding new potential to realize complex structural shapes in new and innovative ways. These innovations are presented in the context of an in-depth introduction to the fundamentals of surface structures providing the necessary knowledge for the successful design of shells and tensile systems in a broad variety of materials. Many of the principles are demonstrated using new material of some of the masterpieces in surface architecture. The book is structured into three parts. The first part familiarizes the reader with the topic of surface structures. It provides a historic overview and explains the underlying structural principles and traditional construction techniques. Part II introduces design methods, emphasizing recent developments in computational design and analysis that have greatly facilitated the design and construction of surface structures. Part III presents case studies demonstrating use of innovative and emerging materials.

Internationally, the mechanized excavation of tunnels has intensified in the last two decades, as the number of tunnels being constructed for subways and railway underpasses increases. The subject of mechanized tunnelling in urban areas has not previously received the attention that it deserves, despite there being specific hazards associated with the construction of tunnels in metropolitan areas, including poor ground conditions, water tables higher than the level of tunnels, and subsidence leading to damage to the existing structures on the surface. The application of technologies for achieving the stability of the tunnel and for minimizing surface settlement is described in this book. Accurate characterization of the ground; rigorous assessment and management of risk from design to maintenance; the correct choice of a tunnel boring machine and a plan for the advancement of the tunnel; specific excavation procedures and real-time monitoring of excavation parameters are all discussed in this thorough work.

Nowadays research in earthquake engineering is mainly experimental and in large-scale; advanced computations are integrated with large-scale experiments, to complement them and extend their scope, even by coupling two different but simultaneous tests. Earthquake engineering cannot give answers by testing and qualifying few, small typical components or single large prototypes. Besides, the large diversity of Civil Engineering structures does not allow drawing conclusions from only a few tests; structures are large and their seismic response and performance cannot be meaningfully tested in an ordinary lab or in the field. So, seismic testing facilities should be much larger than in other scientific fields; their staff has to be resourceful, devising intelligent ways to carry out simultaneously different tests and advanced computations. To better serve such a mission European testing facilities and researchers in earthquake engineering have shared their resources and activities in the framework of the European project SERIES, combining their research and jointly developing advanced testing and instrumentation techniques that maximize testing capabilities and increase the value of the tests. This volume presents the first outcomes of the SERIES and its contribution towards Performance-based Earthquake Engineering, i.e., to the most important development in Earthquake Engineering of the past three decades. The concept and the methodologies for performance-based earthquake engineering have now matured. However, they are based mainly on analytical/numerical research; large-scale seismic testing has entered the stage recently. The SERIES Workshop in Ohrid (MK) in Sept. 2010 pooled together the largest European seismic testing facilities, Europe's best experts in experimental earthquake engineering and select experts from the USA, to present recent research achievements and to address future developments. Audience: This volume will be of interest to researchers and advanced practitioners in structural earthquake engineering, geotechnical earthquake engineering, engineering seismology, and experimental dynamics, including seismic qualification.

Asbestos for surveyors is a practical reference guide for all those responsible for identifying and dealing with asbestos in buildings. The book is based upon the Control of Asbestos at Work Act 2002 and is intended to be a guide to the technical aspects of asbestos and why it was originally used. It illustrates where it may be found in buildings, what type of survey is required and how to undertake it. The information that the dutyholder needs from the surveyor to compile an adequate management plan is also detailed. This edition has been fully revised to take account of the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2006 (SI 2006/2739), which came into force in November 2006. The regulations, which replaced three existing sets of asbestos regulations with a single set of rules, reduce exposure limits and introduce mandatory training for those working with asbestos.
* Practical information on how to identify and manage asbestos.
* Applicable to surveyors and professionals who need to be kept apprised of asbestos removal best practice

This book comprises select proceedings of the International Conference on Trends and Recent Advances in Civil Engineering (TRACE 2020). The book focuses on the latest research developments in structural engineering, structural health monitoring, rehabilitation and retrofitting of structures, geotechnical engineering, and earthquake-resistant structures. The contents also cover the latest innovations in building repair and maintenance, and sustainable materials for rehabilitation and retrofitting. The contents of this book are useful for students, researchers, and professionals working in structural engineering and allied areas.

Civil Engineering has recently seen enormous progress in the core field of the construction of deep foundations. This book is the result of the International Workshop on Recent Advances in Deep Foundations (IWDPF07), which was held in Yokosuka, Japan from the 1st to the 2nd of February, 2007. Topics under discussion in this book include recent research achievements and case histories; and current advances in the applied aspects of deep foundations, such as reliability-based design, field tests and experimental field work. The book also features the latest numerical simulation methods and theoretical findings. There are nine keynote lectures, focusing on foundation engineering in different parts of the world, and thirty-three state-of-the-art papers from eminent international experts. The techniques covered include sheet piles, piles, pile-ground improvement and ground improvement, while dynamic aspects and design are also discussed.. This book is intended for an international audience of researchers and professionals in soil and foundation engineering.

This bookcontains papers covering a wide range of studies on life-cycle performance analysis, design, maintenance, monitoring, management, and cost of civil infrastructure systems. Topics include reliability and optimization as design basis tools, monitoring systems, life-cycle cost analysis and management, bridge management systems, and quality control acceptance criteria. The book also discusses seismic reliability analysis of deteriorating structures, bridge inspection strategies, life-cycle cost analysis of structures on a network level, optimal risk-based design of infrastructures, updating bridge reliability using load monitoring data and statistics of extremes, rehabilitation of bridges, and lifetime analysis and structural repair of civil infrastructure systems.

A new analytical method that uses the capacity axis of a section to determine its minimum capacity for biaxial bending as well as provide the reference for equilibrium of external and internal forces has been developed. Introducing this method, Structural Analysis: The Analytical Method illustrates the procedures for predicting the capacities of circular and rectangular sections in concrete and steel materials. By applying basic mathematics to the standard principles in structural analysis, the author derived for the first time all the equations required for solving the true capacity of circular and rectangular sections in structural design. Previous authors have been unable to employ basic mathematics and thus resorted to approximate methods, such as the standard interaction formula for biaxial bending or more sophisticated methods illustrated in current literature on the subject of determining the capacity of above structural sections. The book begins with a discussion of the capacities of rectangular and circular footing foundation for a given allowable soil-bearing pressure followed by the author's latest integration of the Boussinesq's elastic equation for the dispersion of surface loads in determining the exact average pressure to use in the standard soil settlement formula. The author provides all the equations and tabulated values of key point's capacities of commercially-produced steel pipe, rectangular tubing, and steel I-sections. He then lists the derived equations for the determination of the ultimate strength capacity curve of reinforced concrete columns and concrete-filled tubular columns without using the rectangular stress block method of analysis. Elucidating an elegant, straightforward, and precise method, thus limiting guesswork, this book makes it easier to confirm the adequacy and safety of designs by direct comparison of the external loads to the internal capacities of circular and rectangular sections in structural analysis and design.

A unique opportunity to review the latest progress in an expanding area of interest: the Mechanical Behaviour of Salt. These Proceedings include over fifty papers and summaries describing the latest findings in ongoing studies from a number of research groups. For the 2007 conference, there was a particular focus on the understanding of thermal, mechanical, hydraulic and chemical coupled processes (THMC). Such processes are of specific interest when considering advanced problems in waste disposal, storage and mining. The book includes a number of themes: - laboratory and in-situ investigations modelling, e.g. derivation of constitutive equations - numerical computations and prediction of long-term behaviour - THMC processes in mining projects, storage and permanent disposal - case studies - geology - mining and storage applications and abandonment The International Conferences on the Mechanical Behaviour of Salt have a long tradition, being initiated in 1981 at The Pennsylvania State University, USA. The present conference, the sixth of the series, took place in Hannover, Germany, in May 2007. The conference brought together mining engineers, researchers, and university professors interested in the mechanical behaviour of salt, mostly from Europe and beyond.

This classic and essential work has been thoroughly revised and updated in line with the requirements of new codes and standards which have been introduced in recent years, including the new Eurocode as well as up-to-date British Standards.

It provides: a general introduction; details of analysis and design of a wide range of structures and examination of design according to British and then European Codes.

Highly illustrated with numerous line diagrams, tables and worked examples, Reynolds's Reinforced Concrete Designer's Handbook is a unique resource providing comprehensive guidance that enables the engineer to analyze and design reinforced concrete buildings, bridges, retaining walls, and containment structures.

Written for structural engineers, contractors, consulting engineers, local and health authorities, and utilities, this is also excellent for civil and architecture departments in universities and FE colleges.

This book uses actual construction projects as examples to elaborate the various technologies regarding groundwater control and air-tightness guarantees for the construction of large storage rock caverns in complicated geological conditions. It introduces the latest technologies to give hands-on experience of what to do in unexpected geological conditions, and provides insight into the design, construction and operation of underground facilities. The book is hence useful in feasibility studies, developments and other research into these underground facilities. Drawing on the experience gained from building Japan's largest LPG storage caves, Storage of LPG in Large Rock Caverns is a must-read for engineers, academics and students in the fields of rock mechanics, geotechnical engineering and related disciplines.

The construction materials industry is a major user of the world's resources. While enormous progress has been made towards sustainability, the scope and opportunities for improvements are significant. To further the effort for sustainable development, a conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies was held at Coventry University, Coventry, U.K., from June 11th - 13th, 2007, to highlight case studies and research on new and innovative ways of achieving sustainability of construction materials and technologies. This book presents selected, important contributions made at the conference. Over 190 papers from over 45 countries were accepted for presentation at the conference, of which approximately 100 selected papers are published in this book. The rest of the papers are published in two supplementary books. Topics covered in this book include: sustainable alternatives to natural sand, stone, and Portland cement in concrete; sustainable use of recyclable resources such as fly ash, ground municipal waste slag, pozzolan, rice-husk ash, silica fume, gypsum plasterboard (drywall), and lime in construction; sustainable mortar, concrete, bricks, blocks, and backfill; the economics and environmental impact of sustainable materials and structures; use of construction and demolition wastes, and organic materials (straw bale, hemp, etc.) in construction; sustainable use of soil, timber, and wood products; and related sustainable construction and rehabilitation technologies.

Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy during the fracture of stressed rock within the Earth's crust. This phenomenon is similar to that which occurs in materials under load, and although they take place on very different scales, these two phenomena - earthquakes in geophysics and damage in structural materials - have similarities. In both cases, there is a release of elastic energy from sources located inside a medium. These are selected papers from special sessions at the 11th International Conference on Fracture, held in Turin in 2005. They provide an outline of topics related to earthquakes and Acoustic Emission, and discuss the latest developments in this area. The papers have been divided into two categories: Seismic Mechanics & Earthquakes and Structural Failure & Acoustic Emission. Earthquakes and Acoustic Emission will serve as a useful supplementary textbook for postgraduates, while being of special interest to professionals in the field of earthquakes and acoustic emission.

Applying advanced structural and reliability assessment to the design, fabrication and operation of marine structures boosts public and commercial confidence and increases the competitiveness of waterborne transportation. Advancements in Marine Structures draws on recent experience and progress in the analysis and design of marine structures, exploring a full range of methods and modelling procedures and relates the practical application of these methodologies to real structures. The book contains papers presented at the first MARSTRUCT International Conference, held in Glasgow, UK, from 12th to 14th March 2007. The topics include: Methods and Tools for Loads and Load Effects; Methods and Tools for Strength Assessment; Experimental Analysis of Structures; Materials and Fabrication of Structures; Methods and Tools for Structural Design and Optimisation; and, Structural Reliability, Safety and Environmental Protection. The book will be of special interest to academics, researchers and consultants in marine structures and related areas.

Covers theory and background of local buckling, presenting simple design calculations which address this intriguing phenomenon. Attempts to master the process of buckling are described, citing both successes and failures. A number of failure case studies are presented as well. The final section of the book presents easy-to-follow design examples which conform to the latest Eurocode. Intended to introduce senior students in Bridge and Structural Engineering to the phenomenon of buckling, with special focus on thin-walled plated bridge girders. Suitable as a course instruction guide for its highly visual and descriptive style. Moreovere a good reference on buckling for practising and consulting engineers.

This is the first book to fully present, analyse and interpret the Dubai real estate market. Dubai is fast becoming one of the world's most attractive places to invest in real estate and this book examines the market from three interlinked sectors that drive its performance: occupiers, investors, and developers. It examines the market's historical growth and lays the foundations to examine future trends. The book provides a synopsis of Dubai's market practices, economic trends and social change that impacts the value of real estate. Chapters also debate issues such as: property investment, house price performance, local valuation practices, spatial planning, the economics of the city, market practices and regulation, property-led economic growth and future trends such as sustainability and digitalisation. This book offers a comprehensive, in-depth and up-to-date account of the Dubai property market and presents a full assessment of the investment potential of Dubai real estate. It is a must read for students, academics and real estate professionals interested in this fascinating real estate market that has implications for both Dubai and wider GCC markets as well as the international investment market and senior professionals who come to work in the region.

This volume presents select papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics. The papers discuss advances in the fields of soil dynamics and geotechnical earthquake engineering. A strong emphasis is placed on connecting academic research and field practice, with many examples, case studies, best practices, and discussions on performance based design. This volume will be of interest to researchers and practicing engineers alike.

The book presents the select proceedings of National Conference on Recent Advances in Structural Engineering (NCRASE 2020). Various topics covered in this book include advanced structural materials, computational methods of structures, earthquake resistant analysis and design, analysis and design of structures against wind loads, pre-stressed concrete structures, bridge engineering, experimental methods and techniques of structures, offshore structures, composite structures, smart materials and structures, port and harbor structures, structural dynamics, high rise structures, sustainable materials in the construction technology, advanced structural analysis, extreme loads on structures, innovative structures, and special structures. The book will be useful for researchers and professional working in the field of structural engineering.

Seismic measurements take many forms, and appear to have a universal role in the Earth Sciences. They are the means for most easily and economically interpreting what lies beneath the visible surface. There are huge economic rewards and losses to be made when interpreting the shallow crust or subsurface more, or less accurately, as the case may be. This book describes seismic behaviour at many scales and from numerous fields in geophysics, tectonophysics and rock physics, and from civil, mining and petroleum engineering. Addressing key items for improved understanding of seismic behaviour, it often interprets seismic measurements in rock mechanics terms, with particular attention to the cause of attenuation, its inverse seismic quality, and the anisotropy of fracture compliances and stiffnesses. Reviewed behaviour stretches over ten orders of magnitude, from micro-crack compliance in laboratory tests to cross-continent attenuation. Between these extremes lie seismic investigation of rock joints, boreholes, block tests, dam and bridge foundations, quarry blasting, canal excavations, hydropower and transportation tunnels, machine bored TBM tunnels, sub-sea sediment and mid-ocean ridge measurements, where the emphasis is on velocity-depth-age models. Attenuation of earthquake coda-waves is also treated, including in-well measurements. In the later chapters, there is a general emphasis on deeper, higher stress, larger scale applications of seismic, such as shear-wave splitting for interpreting the attenuation, anisotropy and orientation of permeable 'open' fracture sets in petroleum reservoirs, and the 4D seismic effects of water-flood, oil production and compaction. The dispersive or frequency dependence of most seismic measurements and their dependence on fracture dimensions and fracture density is emphasized. The possibility that shear displacement may be required to explain permeability at depth is quantified. This book is cross-disciplinary, non-mathematical and phenomenological in nature, containing a wealth of figures and a wide review of the literature from many fields in the Earth Sciences. Including a chapter of conclusions and an extensive subject index, it is a unique reference work for professionals, researchers, university teachers and students working in the fields of geophysics, civil, mining and petroleum engineering. It will be particularly relevant to geophysicists, engineering geologists and geologists who are engaged in the interpretation of seismic measurements in rock and petroleum engineering.