From its humble beginning in the late 19th century when Henry Ford's first car was designed to run on ethanol biofuel production has been on the rise with more than 26 billion liters produced in the U.S. in 2007. Ethanol made from biomass (rather than grains) holds great promise, including numerous economic and environmental benefits. However, the adverse interactions of energy, climate, food, and soil quality cannot be ignored. In eight concise chapters, Soil Quality and Biofuel Production presents a state-of-the-knowledge review of soil properties and processes negatively impacted by crop residue removal. It outlines the ecological consequences of biofuels and evaluates land use in the production of raw material for biofuel. The book then spotlights pressing issues related to corn and cellulosic ethanol and also soil erosion. It offers advice for achieving economic balance in the competition for arable land between food and biofuel along with residue harvest management techniques. A thought-provoking discussion of the opportunities and challenges that biofuel presents rounds out the book's coverage. The logistics of producing biomass in a sustainable manner remain a major challenge and will continue to be so for the foreseeable future. Serious questions linger concerning viable sources of biofuel feedstock, competition for resources needed to produce biomass, and energy output/input ratios. Soil Quality and Biofuel Production provides environmental scientists and agricultural engineers with the knowledge they need to address them.

Building on the author's Structural Mechanics Fundamentals, this text presents a complete and uniform treatment of the more advanced topics in structural mechanics, ranging from beam frames to shell structures, from dynamics to buckling analysis, from plasticity to fracture mechanics, from long-span to high-rise civil structures. Plane frames Statically indeterminate beam systems: Method of displacements Plates and shells Finite element method Dynamics of discrete systems Dynamics of continuous elastic systems Buckling instability Long-span structures High-rise structures Theory of plasticity Plane stress and plane strain conditions Mechanics of fracture This book serves as a text for graduate students in structural engineering, as well as a reference for practising engineers and researchers.

The dissolution of the communist system led to the creation of new states and the formation of new concepts of citizenship in the post-Soviet states of Central and Eastern Europe. The formation of national identity also occurred in the context of the process of increasing economic and political globalisation, particularly the widening of the European Union to include the central European post-socialist and Baltic States. Internationally, Russia sought to establish a new identity either as a European or as a Eurasian society and had to accommodate the interests of a wider Russian Diaspora in the 'near abroad'. This book addresses how domestic elites (regional, political and economic) influenced the formation of national identities and the ways in which citizenship has been defined. A second component considers the external dimensions: the ways in which foreign elites influenced either directly or indirectly the concept of identity and the interaction with internal elites. The essays consider the role of the European Union in attempting to form a European identity. Moreover, the growing internationalisation of economies (privatisation, monetary harmonisation, dependence on trade) also had effects on the kind of 'national identity' sought by the new nation states as well as the defining by them of 'the other'. The collection focuses on the interrelations between social identity, state and citizenship formation, and the role of elites in defining the content of concepts in different post-communist societies. This book was originally published as a special issue of Europe-Asia Studies.

Inspecting and Diagnosing Disrepair provides housing officers, surveyors, landlords, tenants, lawyers and environmental health inspectors with the essential information they need to record, diagnose and remedy disrepair. Pat Reddin presents technical information methodically, including useful diagrams to help readers to develop an understanding of building materials and structures and to advise and take action on disrepair. The book is fully up to date with the latest legislation and is essential reading for environmental health professionals, surveyors and students alike.

The five-volume set "Comprehensive Rock Engineering", which was published in 1993, has had an important influence on the development of rock mechanics and rock engineering. Significant and extensive advances and achievements in these fields over the last 20 years now justify the publishing of a comparable, new compilation. Rock Mechanics and Engineering represents a highly prestigious, multi-volume work edited by Professor Xia-Ting Feng, with the editorial advice of Professor John A. Hudson. This new compilation offers an extremely wide-ranging and comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in rock mechanics and rock engineering and is composed of peer-reviewed, dedicated contributions by all the key experts worldwide. Key features of this set are that it provides a systematic, global summary of new developments in rock mechanics and rock engineering practices as well as looking ahead to future developments in the fields. Contributors are world-renowned experts in the fields of rock mechanics and rock engineering, though younger, talented researchers have also been included. The individual volumes cover an extremely wide array of topics grouped under five overarching themes: Principles (Vol. 1), Laboratory and Field Testing (Vol. 2), Analysis, Modelling and Design (Vol. 3), Excavation, Support and Monitoring (Vol. 4) and Surface and Underground Projects (Vol. 5). This multi-volume work sets a new standard for rock mechanics and engineering compendia and will be the go-to resource for all engineering professionals and academics involved in rock mechanics and engineering for years to come.

Wind forces from extreme wind events are the dominant loading for many parts of the world, exacerbated by climate change and the continued construction of tall buildings and structures. This authoritative source, for practising and academic structural engineers and graduate students, ties the principles of wind loads on structures to the relevant aspects of meteorology, bluff-body aerodynamics, probability and statistics, and structural dynamics. This new edition covers: Climate change effects on extreme winds - particularly those from tropical cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons Modelling of potential wind vulnerability and damage Developments in extreme value probability analysis of extreme wind speeds and directions Explanation of the difference between 'return period' and 'average recurrence interval', as well as 'bootstrapping' techniques for deriving confidence limits Wind over water, and profiles and turbulence in non-synoptic winds An expanded chapter on internal pressures produced by wind for various opening and permeability scenarios Aerodynamic shaping of high- and low-rise buildings Recent developments in five major wind codes and standards A new chapter on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as applied to wind engineering A greatly expanded appendix providing the basic information on extreme wind climates for over 140 countries and territories Additional examples for many chapters in this book

A guide to the use of the new Civil Engineering Standard Methods of Measurements, this also includes a listing of alternative methods of measurement where circumstances require it. General information on measurement is included but the core of the book lies in its coverage of all the sections in the Standard, including explanations of the measurement corrections, drawings and model take-offs (with notes), model bills (with abstracts if needed) and a standard library of descriptions.

This is a compendium of invited papers focusing on earthquake resistant design of reinforced concrete buildings with an emphasis on: a) energy concepts and damage models in seismic analysis and design; and b) analysis and seismic behaviour of buildings with structural walls. It has long been recognized that energy input, absorption and dissipation are the most fundamental quantities controlling seismic performance. However, to this day, energy concepts have been ignored in earthquake resistant design because of apparent complexities in the quantification of energy demands, capacities and their implementation in the design process. The first part of this text illustrates how energy terms together with cumulative damage models can be utilized to provide quantitiative information useful for damage assessment and design. In the second part papers focus on modelling of the nonlinear static and dynamic response of structures containing walls and propose solution techniques intended to contribute to a more accurate prediction of seismic behaviour of such structures. This work details advances in seismic design and performance assessment of reinforced concrete buildings. It should be a val

Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields includes the contributions to the 10th International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields (BCRRA 2017, 28-30 June 2017, Athens, Greece). The papers cover aspects related to materials, laboratory testing, design, construction, maintenance and management systems of transport infrastructure, and focus on roads, railways and airfields. Additional aspects that concern new materials and characterization, alternative rehabilitation techniques, technological advances as well as pavement and railway track substructure sustainability are included. The contributions discuss new concepts and innovative solutions, and are concentrated but not limited on the following topics: * Unbound aggregate materials and soil properties * Bound materials characteritics, mechanical properties and testing * Effect of traffic loading * In-situ measurements techniques and monitoring * Structural evaluation * Pavement serviceability condition * Rehabilitation and maintenance issues * Geophysical assessment * Stabilization and reinforcement * Performance modeling * Environmental challenges * Life cycle assessment and sustainability Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields is essential reading for academics and professionals involved or interested in transport infrastructure systems, in particular roads, railways and airfields.

The first comprehensive treatment of the subject of design methodology in rock engineering, this book emphasizes that a good designer needs not only knowledge for designing (technical knowledge) but also must have knowledge about designing (an appropriate process to follow). Design methodology is today recognized in most fields as crucial to the success of a new product, process, or construction project. This unique book starts with an appraisal of current trends concerning global design activities and competitiveness and gives an insight into how designers design. The state of the art in engineering design is given with a detailed expose of all significant design theories and methodologies. It then presents a design methodology specifically for rock engineering and demonstrates its practical use on the basis of important case histories. To preserve the momentum of the design message, design education is also discussed. A separate chapter is devoted to skills development, presenting the designer with an extensive repertoire of widely available tools and concepts. The Appendix lists a compendium of useful design charts for rock engineering, traced after a thorough literature search. A Bibliography concludes the book with an up-to-date list of references.

This book is a short yet rigorous course on a new paradigm in soil mechanics, one that holds that soil deformation occurs as a simple friction-based Poisson process in which soil particles move to their final position at random shear strains. It originates from work by Casagrande's soil mechanics group at Harvard University that found that an aggregate of soil particles when sheared reaches a "steady-state" condition, a finding in line with the thermodynamics of dissipative systems. The book unpacks this new paradigm as it applies to soils. The theory explains fundamental, ubiquitous soil behaviors and relationships used in soils engineering daily thousands of times across the world, but whose material bases so far have been unknown. These include for example, why for one-dimensional consolidation, the e-log line is linear, and why C /Cc is a constant for a given soil. The subtext of the book is that with this paradigm, the scientific method of trying to falsify hypotheses fully drives advances in the field, i.e., that soil mechanics now strictly qualifies as a science that, in turn, informs geotechnical engineering. The audience for the book is senior undergraduates, graduate students, academics, and researchers as well as industry professionals, particularly geotechnical engineers. It will also be useful to structural engineers, highway engineers, military engineers, persons in the construction industry, as well as planetary scientists. Because its fundamental findings hold for any mass of particles like soils, the theory applies not just to soils, but also to powders, grains etc. so long as these are under pseudo-static (no inertial effects) conditions.

This book is intended primarily as a textbook for students studying structural engineering. It covers three main areas in the analysis and design of structural systems subjected to seismic loading: basic seismology, basic structural dynamics, and code-based calculations used to determine seismic loads from an equivalent static method and a dynamics-based method. It provides students with the skills to determine seismic effects on structural systems, and is unique in that it combines the fundamentals of structural dynamics with the latest code specifications. Each chapter contains electronic resources: image galleries, PowerPoint presentations, a solutions manual, etc.

The first comprehensive treatment of the subject of design methodology in rock engineering, this book emphasizes that a good designer needs not only knowledge for designing (technical knowledge) but also must have knowledge about designing (an appropriate process to follow). Design methodology is today recognized in most fields as crucial to the success of a new product, process, or construction project. This unique book starts with an appraisal of current trends concerning global design activities and competitiveness and gives an insight into how designers design. The state of the art in engineering design is given with a detailed expose of all significant design theories and methodologies. It then presents a design methodology specifically for rock engineering and demonstrates its practical use on the basis of important case histories. To preserve the momentum of the design message, design education is also discussed. A separate chapter is devoted to skills development, presenting the designer with an extensive repertoire of widely available tools and concepts. The Appendix lists a compendium of useful design charts for rock engineering, traced after a thorough literature search. A Bibliography concludes the book with an up-to-date list of references.

A compilation of papers describing the geology, engineering properties and the hazards and design issues associated with the substrata of Melbourne and its surrounds. It includes the area from Geelong to Bacchus Marsch to the Dandenongs and Mornington Peninsula.

This book describes all the principal methods of arranging letting building contracts for conservation work. It also covers contractor selection, the use of directly employed labour, and contractual considerations.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203223292

Construction Management: Theory and Practice is a comprehensive textbook for budding construction managers. The range of coverage makes the book essential reading for students studying management courses in all construction related disciplines and ideal reading for those with non-cognate degrees studying construction management masters courses, giving them a broad base of understanding about the industry. Part I outlines the main industry players and their roles in relation to the Construction Manager. Part II covers management theory, leadership and team working strategies. Part III details financial aspects including: sources of finance, appraisal and estimating, construction economics, whole life costing and life cycle analysis, bidding and tendering as well as procurement methods, types of contracts and project costing. Part IV covers construction operations management and issues such as supply chain management, health and safety, waste, quality and environmental management. Part V covers issues such as marketing, strategy, HRM, health, stress and well-being. Part VI concludes the book with reflections on the future of the industry in relation to the environment and sustainability and the role of the industry and its managers. The book keeps the discussion of current hot topics such as building information modelling (BIM), sustainability, and health and well-being included throughout and is packed with useful figures, tables and case studies from industry.

Excavation, Support and Monitoring is the fourth volume of the five-volume set Rock Mechanics and Engineering and contains twenty-three chapters from key experts in the following fields - Excavation Methods; - Support Technology; - Monitoring Technology; - Integrated Engineering Monitoring and Analysis. The five-volume set "Comprehensive Rock Engineering", which was published in 1993, has had an important influence on the development of rock mechanics and rock engineering. Significant and extensive advances and achievements in these fields over the last 20 years now justify the publishing of a comparable, new compilation. Rock Mechanics and Engineering represents a highly prestigious, multi-volume work edited by Professor Xia-Ting Feng, with the editorial advice of Professor John A. Hudson. This new compilation offers an extremely wide-ranging and comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in rock mechanics and rock engineering and is composed of peer-reviewed, dedicated contributions by all the key experts worldwide. Key features of this set are that it provides a systematic, global summary of new developments in rock mechanics and rock engineering practices as well as looking ahead to future developments in the fields. Contributors are world-renowned experts in the fields of rock mechanics and rock engineering, though younger, talented researchers have also been included. The individual volumes cover an extremely wide array of topics grouped under five overarching themes: Principles (Vol. 1), Laboratory and Field Testing (Vol. 2), Analysis, Modelling and Design (Vol. 3), Excavation, Support and Monitoring (Vol. 4) and Surface and Underground Projects (Vol. 5). This multi-volume work sets a new standard for rock mechanics and engineering compendia and will be the go-to resource for all engineering professionals and academics involved in rock mechanics and engineering for years to come.

This text uses fundamental theorems of structural mechanics to explain the connection between statics of structures and their deflections on the one hand, and the kinematics of structures and their equilibrium on the other. It develops the theory and techniques of finite element and non-linear analysis applicabale to computer software. This text brings a unified approach to the analysis of conventional truss and frame structures and the finite element approximation of the continuum via the priciples of virtual displacements and virtual forces. These principles can be succintly expressed in the form known as the contragredient law. Concepts of elasticity and elasto-plastic constitutive laws are discussed and a broad introduction given to the various approaches used in the finite element method. A treatment is then given for line element structures using both the force and the displacement method, and in the latter case, the theory is extended for non-linear large displacement analysis. Practical means are presented for the calculation of critical loads on such structures. Three chapters are devoted to the finite element method in which continuum thoery, torsion, heat transfer, plate

Designed especially with the needs of quantity surveyors in mind, but also as a useful reference work for all who have a need for information about movements in the costs of building and other construction work, this handbook presents all major series of index numbers which measure changes in construction costs and prices in the UK. Over 90 series are represented, including over 80 series which are currently compiled and 10 historical series extending back to the first half of the 19th century. The available series are classified systematically by type and each series is described by a standard format. The index numbers themselves are presented in both tabular and graphical form. The book has been placed within a framework in which the theoretical and practical problems of measuring construction costs and price movements over time are discussed and the practical application of the indices which are available are explained in detail.

This book is an invaluable guide for those providing expert evidence on valuations of commercial properties - including civil actions, rent review arbitrations, lands tribunal cases and rating appeals. The object of the book is to provide the commercial property valuer with a detailed introduction to providing expert evidence in a litigation context, the rules, requirements and the pitfalls for the unwary. Particular trouble has been taken to emphasise the need for quality evidence based on relevant experience which is objective, unbiased, independent, and of sufficient quality to resist challenges before the courts, tribunals and arbitrators. This handbook will help the practitioner start off on the right course and provide forewarning of the issues which he or she is likely to face, leading to greater professional awareness and to higher standards of valuation expert evidence in all commercial property fields.

The ability to successfully procure built assets is at the heart of the construction process and in turn at the heart of the procurement process is identifying the constantly evolving needs of the construction client. Despite client criticism and a mountain of reports and statistics, spanning both the public and private sectors, until now the construction industry has failed to transform the diverse and often separate and inefficient processes of design and procurement of built assets into one single integrated production process. There are now signs however that the construction industry is beginning to transform its approach to built asset procurement and client care. This book draws heavily on the experiences and best practice of other industries and market sectors who have, just as construction is now having to do, taken a critical look at their procurement practices and techniques and the inherent waste in many traditional systems. The text includes practice-based case studies, from both the public and private sectors, to demonstrate how new procurement approaches are delivering value for money over the life cycle of built assets. This book is recommended reading for a range of students in the field of the built environment from quantity surveyors and commercial managers to architects and an essential and comprehensive guide to all construction procurement professionals seeking to familiarise themselves with the latest approaches to procurement.

Structural dynamics is a complex and increasingly important field of civil/structural engineering. The aim of this concise book is to demonstrate to practising engineers and advanced students that the dynamic response of structural systems can be understood without advanced techniques of analysis and impenetrable detail.

Starting and Developing a Surveying Business shows how surveyors can develop their own successful small business. For surveyors thinking of taking this step, guidance is provided on the pros and cons which will help the right decision to be made, and the key factors which help see the business through its early stages. For surveyors already running their own small business, consideration is given to factors which will help profitability and growth potential.

Translated from the second Russian edition of 1988. Parts 2, "Soil mechanics" and 3, "Foundations and footings" are revised and updated versions of the first Russian edition of 1981. Part 1, "Special course in engineering geology," contains a discussion of physicomechanical properties of soil, geody

This book has the purpose of developing an understanding of the factors determining and influencing the shear behavior of soils, with emphasis on composite soils, as they are the most encountered materials in geological and geotechnical engineering in mountainous areas. This objective is reached by examining the soil compressibility, structure of shear zone and its evolution, and water content of shear zone and shear mode of soils together with analyses of the influences of intrinsic properties, e.g. Atterberg limits, particle size distribution, particle shape, and testing conditions, e.g. normal stress and shearing rate. An in-depth review is presented in an approximately chronological order and covers almost all the factors that are believed to influence the mechanical behavior of soils. The equipment and test techniques for shear strength of soils are detailed. The residual shear behavior of composite soil is investigated by means of a systematic laboratory testing program using a large ring shear apparatus and an intermediate direct shear box. The Fast Fourier Transform is employed for the first time to analyze the fluctuations of measured shearstress and discovers the close relationships with both intrinsic properties of soils and testing conditions. Although the book is aimed primarily at researchers in geological and geotechnical engineering, it contains material of interest to students of geology and soil science and also should be a useful reference for practicing engineers faced with composite soils.