The idea behind the series of volumes Advances in Petri Nets is to present to the general computer science community recent results which are the most representative and significant for the development in this area. The main source for the papers for "Advances" are the annual "European Workshops on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets"; the "best" papers from the latest workshops are considered for the series, i.e. they are reviewed again and revised or extended accordingly. In addition to the workshop papers, the "Advances" also present invited papers submitted directly for publication. The present volume Advances in Petri Nets 1988 covers the 8th "European Workshop on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets" held in Zaragoza, Spain in June 1987. It also contains a survey on decidability questions for classes of FIFO nets by A. Finkel and L.E. Rosier.

Systems Analysis and Design, 8th Edition offers students a hands-on introduction to the core concepts of systems analysis and systems design. Following a project-based approach written to mimic real-world workflow, the text includes a multitude of cases and examples, in-depth explanations, and special features that highlight crucial concepts and emphasize the application of fundamental theory to real projects.

It is already a tradition that conferences on operations research are organized by the Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut in Oberwolfach/Germany. The mean point of the 1987 conference was to discuss recentl.v developed methods in optimization theory derived from various fields of mathematics. On the other hand, the practical use of results in operations research is very important. In the last few years* essenti.al progress in this direction was made at the International Insti- tute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) at Laxenburg/Austria. Therefore a three days workshop on Advanced Computation Techniques, Parallel Processing and Optimi- zation organized by IIASA and the University of Karlsruhe immediately followed the Oberwolfach Conference. This volume contains selected pape~s which have been presented at one of these conferences. It:is divided into five sections based on the above topics: I. Algorithms and Optimization Methods II. Optimization and Parallel Processing III. Graph Theory and Scheduling IV. Differential Equations and Operator Theory V. Applications. We would like to thank the director of the Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach Prof. Dr. M. Barner and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, particularly Prof. Dr. V. Kaftanov, and also to the director of the Computer Center of the University of Karlsruhe Prof. Dr. A. Schreiner for their support in organizing these conferences. We also appreciate the excellent coopera- tion of Springer Verlag. We also thank Dr. P. Recht, Dr. D. Solte and Dr. K. Wieder as well as*Mrs.

This volume contains the presentations of the Fifth Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 88) held at the University of Bordeaux, February 11-13, 1988. In addition to papers presented in the regular program the volume contains abstracts of software systems demonstrations which were included in this conference series in order to show applications of research results in theoretical computer science. The papers are grouped into the following thematic sections: algorithms, complexity, formal languages, rewriting systems and abstract data types, graph grammars, distributed algorithms, geometrical algorithms, trace languages, semantics of parallelism.

The 1st International Conference on Supercomputing took place in Athens, Greece, June 8-12, 1987. The purpose of this conference was to bring together researchers from universities, industrial laboratories, and other research institutions with common interests in architectures and hardware technology, software, and applications for supercomputers. Authors from 12 countries submitted 107 papers, from which 52 were accepted and presented at the conference. In addition, 15 distinguished researchers presented invited papers. The papers from these presentations make up the current proceedings volume. Based on the quality of the papers presented and the response and excitement of the participants, the Program Committee has decided to hold annual meetings on the subject of supercomputing.

This volume contains abridged versions of most of the sectional talks and some invited lectures given at the International Conference on Fundamentals of Computation Theory held at Kazan State University, Kazan, USSR, June 22-26, 1987. The conference was the sixth in the series of FCT Conferences organized every odd year, and the first one to take place in the USSR. FCT '87 was organized by the Section of Discrete Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences in the USSR, the Moscow State University (Department of Discrete Mathematics), and the Kazan State University (Department of Theoretical Cybernetics). This volume contains selected contributions to the following fields: Mathematical Models of Computation, Synthesis and Complexity of Control Systems, Probabilistic Computations, Theory of Programming, Computer-Assisted Deduction. The volume reflects the fact that FCT '87 was organized in the USSR: A wide range of problems typical of research in Mathematical Cybernetics in the USSR is comprehensively represented.

This volume gives the proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science. These conferences are organized and run by the computer science research community in India, and their purpose is to provide a forum for professional interaction between members of this research community and their counterparts in different parts of the world. The volume includes four invited papers on: - reasoning about linear constraints using parametric queries, - the parallel evaluation of classes of circuits, - a theory of commonsense visual reasoning, - natural language processing, complexity theory and logic. The 26 submitted papers are organized into sections on logic, automata and formal languages, theory of programming, parallel algorithms, geometric algorithms, concurrency, distributed computing, and semantics.

This monograph grew out of a combined effort to prove a conjecture concerning the characterization of Hamiltonian control systems in terms of their variational input-output behaviour. The main concepts and results of this monograph are contained in chapters 1 to 6. Chapter 0 gives a brief introduction to Hamiltonian control systems, with particular emphasis on the relations between physical and control theoretical notions. Indeed, the study of Hamiltonian control systems is one of the places where (theoretical) physics and systems and control theory meet. We conclude the monograph with chapter 7 discussing some possible extensions to the theory presented, as well as some open problems.

This volume describes recent research in graph reduction and related areas of functional and logic programming, as reported at a workshop in 1986. The papers are based on the presentations, and because the final versions were prepared after the workshop, they reflect some of the discussions as well. Some benefits of graph reduction can be found in these papers: - A mathematically elegant denotational semantics - Lazy evaluation, which avoids recomputation and makes programming with infinite data structures (such as streams) possible - A natural tasking model for fine-to-medium grain parallelism. The major topics covered are computational models for graph reduction, implementation of graph reduction on conventional architectures, specialized graph reduction architectures, resource control issues such as control of reduction order and garbage collection, performance modelling and simulation, treatment of arrays, and the relationship of graph reduction to logic programming.

The collection of papers published in this book was initially presented at the Workshop on Software Factories and Ada, held on Capri, May 26-30, 1986. The subject of the book is software development environments. Software development is treated from three viewpoints: methodologies, language issues and mechanisms. Of particular interest are the discussions of automation of the development process and the formalization of software development specifications. Several new methodologies are described, many of which are available on the commercial market. New is in particular the formalization of the design and development process. Interesting ideas are presented on planning the design process and on supporting project management by formal tools. The reader will find a variety of interesting methodologies and mechanisms that are operational. The book is suitable for readers interested in knowing in which direction programming environment research is moving.

This volume contains the proceedings of the Third Conference on Functional Programming Languages and Computer Architecture held in Portland, Oregon, September 14-16, 1987. This conference was a successor to two highly successful conferences on the same topics held at Wentworth, New Hampshire, in October 1981 and in Nancy, in September 1985. Papers were solicited on all aspects of functional languages and particularly implementation techniques for functional programming languages and computer architectures to support the efficient execution of functional programs. The contributions collected in this volume show that many issues regarding the implementation of Functional Programming Languages are now far better understood.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 14th International Colloquium on Automata Languages and Programming, organized by the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science (EATCS) and held in Karlsruhe, July 13-17, 1987. The papers report on original research in theoretical computer science and cover topics such as algorithms and data structures, automata and formal languages, computability and complexity theory, semantics of programming languages, program specification, transformation and verification, theory of data bases, logic programming, theory of logical design and layout, parallel and distributed computation, theory of concurrency, symbolic and algebraic computation, term rewriting systems, cryptography, and theory of robotics. The authors are young scientists and leading experts in these areas.

Recent technology involves large-scale physical or engineering systems consisting of thousands of interconnected elementary units. This monograph illustrates how engineering problems can be solved using the recent results of combinatorial mathematics through appropriate mathematical modeling. The structural solvability of a system of linear or nonlinear equations as well as the structural controllability of a linear time-invariant dynamical system are treated by means of graphs and matroids. Special emphasis is laid on the importance of relevant physical observations to successful mathematical modelings. The reader will become acquainted with the concepts of matroid theory and its corresponding matroid theoretical approach. This book is of interest to graduate students and researchers.

In verteilten Systemen sind zwischen den Stellen Nachrichten auszutauschen. Die Zeiten, welche fur diese Nachrichtentransporte benotigt werden, konnen dazu fuhren, dass Nachrich- ten bereits veraltet sind, wenn sie interpretiert werden; dies kann den Wert der gewonnen Informationen mindern. Diese allgemeine AufgabensteIlung haben wir fur die Berechnung und Bewertung von Permu- tationsstrategien formuliert und abgehandelt. Fur diesen Anwendungsbereich konnten die Charakteristika der AufgabensteIlung leicht formuliert werden, weil fur die Anderungsge- schwindigkeiten der betrachteten Nachrichten und fur die Bewertung der gewonnenen Infor- mationen naheliegende Funktionen benutzt werden konnen. Die angegebene Problemstellung der Wertminderung von Informationen durch Interpretation veralteter Nachrichten ist fur viele praktische Anwendungen von Interesse. Man denke etwa an eine Bank, welche die Konten ihrer Kunden verteilt fuhrt. Die Schwierigkeiten prakti- scher Anwendungen liegen in der exakten Formulierung der AufgabensteIlung; sie erfordert Kenntnis der Anderungsgeschwindigkeit der betrachteten Nachrichten und anerkannte Bewer- tungsfunktionen fur Informationen. Die Durchfuhrung entsprechender Analysen sollte, wenn diese Voraussetzungen erfullt sind, keine besonderen Schwierigkeiten bereiten. Die angegebene Problemstellung ist auch im Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung von ver- teilten Systemen von Interesse. Fur die Kommunikation in verteilten Systemen werden zahl- reiche Verfahren diskutiert; sie unterscheiden sich insbesondere bzgl. der zeitlichen Kopp- lung der Kommunikationspartner. Die hier angegebene Problemstellung kann als Grundlage fur die Auswahl angemessener Kommunikationsverfahren herangezogen werden. Dies weist erneut auf die Notwendigkeit hin, quantitative Analysen zur Begrundung von Entwicklungs- Entscheidungen heranzuziehen. LITERATUR Andrews, G.R., Schneider, F.B.

In the last decade of Computer Science development, we can observe a growing interest in fault-tolerant computing. This interest is the result of a rising number of appl'ications where reliable operation of computing systems is an essential requirement. Besides basic research in the field of fault-tolerant computing, there is an increasing num- ber of systems especially designed to achieve fault-tolerance. It is the objective of this conference to offer a survey of present research and development activities in these areas. The second GI/NTG/GM~ Conference on Fault-Tolerant Computing Systems has had a preparatory time of about two years. In March 1982, the first GI conference concerning fault-tolerant computing systems was held in Munich. One of the results of the conference was to bring an organiza- tional framework to the FTC community in Germany. This led to the founding of the common interest group "Fault-Tolerant Computing Systems" of the Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI), the Nachrichtentechnische Gesellschaft (NTG), and the Gesellschaft fur MeB- und Regelungstechnik (VDI/VDE-GMR) in November 1982. At that time, it was also decided to schedule a biannual conference on fault-tolerant computing systems. One of the goals of this second conference is to strengthen the relations with the international FTC community; thus, the call for papers was extended not only to German-speaking countries, but to other countries as well.

The accelerated development of faster and cheaper electronic components faces the software designer with new challenges. One of them is to predict the viability of current architecture and the performance of current operating systems on CPUs able to operate at instruction-per-second rates about one order of magnitude higher than those available today. For this task we need to understand not only the principle of such an operating system but also the detailed mechanics and the scenario of actions determined by the random occurence of asynchronous events. Also we want to understand how this scenario changes with varying CPU and I/O device speed. One can realise that existing tools are only of limited help in pursuing this goal. For IBM/370 rNS systems there are several software monitors available e. g. the System Activity Measurement Facility ~/1 /4/1, the Resource Measurement Facility CRMF /5/) or traces like the Generalised Trace Facility CGTF /6/) and hardware monitors like the System Measurement Instrument (SMI) which all address mainly the aspect of system tuning. Software monitors can efficiently observe length of queues and resource utilisation percentages but will unavoidably distort the time scale by absorbing resources for their own execution. Hardware monitors do not distort the time scale but have only limited possibilities of observing the logic of operations. Their best use is in counting occurences of a limited number of well specified events. Moreover, none of these tools will permit the simulation of processor speeds that differ from the real processor speed.

This book is dedicated to metaheuristics as applied to vehicle routing problems. Several implementations are given as illustrative examples, along with applications to several typical vehicle routing problems. As a first step, a general presentation intends to make the reader more familiar with the related field of logistics and combinatorial optimization. This preamble is completed with a description of significant heuristic methods classically used to provide feasible solutions quickly, and local improvement moves widely used to search for enhanced solutions. The overview of these fundamentals allows appreciating the core of the work devoted to an analysis of metaheuristic methods for vehicle routing problems. Those methods are exposed according to their feature of working either on a sequence of single solutions, or on a set of solutions, or even by hybridizing metaheuristic approaches with others kind of methods.

Real-time systems are used in a wide range of applications, including control, sensing, multimedia, etc. Scheduling is a central problem for these computing/communication systems since it is responsible for software execution in a timely manner. This book, the second of two volumes on the subject, brings together knowledge on specific topics and discusses the recent advances for some of them. It addresses foundations as well as the latest advances and findings in real-time scheduling, giving comprehensive references to important papers, but the chapters are short and not overloaded with confusing details. Coverage includes scheduling approaches for networks and for energy autonomous systems. Other sophisticated issues, such as feedback control scheduling and probabilistic scheduling, are also addressed. This book can serve as a textbook for courses on the topic in bachelor's degrees and in more advanced master's degree programs. It also provides a reference for computer scientists and engineers involved in the design or the development of Cyber-Physical Systems which require up-to-date real-time scheduling solutions.

Make Software Architecture Choices That Maximize Value and Innovation "[Vernon and Jaskula] provide insights, tools, proven best practices, and architecture styles both from the business and engineering viewpoint. . . . This book deserves to become a must-read for practicing software engineers, executives as well as senior managers." --Michael Stal, Certified Senior Software Architect, Siemens Technology Strategic Monoliths and Microservices helps business decision-makers and technical team members clearly understand their strategic problems through collaboration and identify optimal architectural approaches, whether the approach is distributed microservices, well-modularized monoliths, or coarser-grained services partway between the two. Leading software architecture experts Vaughn Vernon and Tomasz Jaskula show how to make balanced architectural decisions based on need and purpose, rather than hype, so you can promote value and innovation, deliver more evolvable systems, and avoid costly mistakes. Using realistic examples, they show how to construct well-designed monoliths that are maintainable and extensible, and how to gradually redesign and reimplement even the most tangled legacy systems into truly effective microservices. Link software architecture planning to business innovation and digital transformation Overcome communication problems to promote experimentation and discovery-based innovation Master practices that support your value-generating goals and help you invest more strategically Compare architectural styles that can lead to versatile, adaptable applications and services Recognize when monoliths are your best option and how best to architect, design, and implement them Learn when to move monoliths to microservices and how to do it, whether they're modularized or a "Big Ball of Mud" Register your book for convenient access to downloads, updates, and/or corrections as they become available. See inside book for details.

A solid introduction to the practices, plans, and skills required for developing a smart system architecture

Information architecture combines IT skills with business skills in order to align the IT structure of an organization with the mission, goals, and objectives of its business. This friendly introduction to IT architecture walks you through the myriad issues and complex decisions that many organizations face when setting up IT systems to work in sync with business procedures.

Veteran IT professional and author Kirk Hausman explains the business value behind IT architecture and provides you with an action plan for implementing IT architecture procedures in an organization. You'll explore the many challenges that organizations face as they attempt to use technology to enhance their business's productivity so that you can gain a solid understanding of the elements that are required to plan and create an architecture that meets specific business goals.Defines IT architecture as a blend of IT skills and business skills that focuses on business optimization, business architecture, performance management, and organizational structureUncovers and examines every topic within IT architecture including network, system, data, services, application, and moreAddresses the challenges that organizations face when attempting to use information technology to enable profitability and business continuity

While companies look to technology more than ever to enhance productivity, you should look to "IT Architecture For Dummies" for guidance in this field.