This volume presents the proceedings of the sixth International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, held in Utrecht, The Netherlands, in June 1994. The 30 contributions by researchers from industry and academia and by ambitioned professionals were selected from a total of 130 submissions after a highly competetive refereering process. The papers are organized in sections on development process support, workflow management, management and quality, object-oriented requirements engineering, behavioural modelling, advanced development tools, reuse, formal IS modelling, method engineering, and advanced database engineering. In total, the volume gives a thorough state-of-the-art report on current research and advanced applications in advanced information systems engineering.

This volume contains the papers selected after a very careful refereeing process for presentation during the Workshop on Job Scheduling Stategies for Parallel Processing, held in Santa Barbara, California, as a prelude to the IPPS '95 conference in April 1995.
The 19 full papers presented demonstrate that parallel job scheduling takes on a crucial role as multi-user parallel supercomputers become more widespread. All aspects of job scheduling for parallel systems are covered, from the perspectives of academic research, industrial design of parallel systems, as well as user needs. Of particular interest, also for nonexpert readers, is the introductory paper "Parallel Job Scheduling: Issues and Approaches" by the volume editors.

This volume contains the papers presented at the Intemational Conference on Object Oriented Information Systems 00lS'94, held at South Bank University, London, December 19 - 21, 1994. In response to our call for papers, a total 85 papers from 24 different countries were submitted. Each paper was evaluated by at least two Program Committee members and an additional reviewer. Together, we selected 41 papers for presentation at the conference and inclusion in the Proceedings. Also included are the keynote addresses by Peter Gray and Michael Jackson. The other submissions were recommended for presentation in the poster sessions. Peter Gray, our invited speaker, evaluates the problems of object-oriented systems and data independence by looking at how object oriented database applications are failing to perceive its benefits, and instead rely too much on encapsulation. He suggests alternative kinds of object storage to preserve data independence. The second invited speaker, Michael Jackson describes a way of solving problems, by focusing directly on the problems themselves, their components and structures and on the relationships between the problem and the solution method. He discusses a particular view of the role of object-orientation in software development.

Fault tolerance has been an active research area for many years. This volume presents papers from a workshop held in 1993 where a small number of key researchers and practitioners in the area met to discuss the experiences of industrial practitioners, to provide a perspective on the state of the art of fault tolerance research, to determine whether the subject is becoming mature, and to learn from the experiences so far in order to identify what might be important research topics for the coming years. The workshop provided a more intimate environment for discussions and presentations than usual at conferences. The papers in the volume were presented at the workshop, then updated and revised to reflect what was learned at the workshop.

As its name implies, the aim of Systems Design and Engineering: Facilitating Multidisciplinary Development Projects is to help systems engineers develop the skills and thought processes needed to successfully develop and implement engineered systems. Such expertise typically does not come through study but from action, hard work, and cooperation. To that end, the authors have chosen a "hands-on" approach for presenting material rather than concentrating on theory, as so often is the case in a classroom setting. This attractive and accessible text is a mix of theory and practical approach, illustrated with examples that have enough richness and variability to hold your attention. Models are presented for controlling the design, change, and engineering processes. Various aspects of systems engineering and methods providing the big picture at system level are discussed. In some ways, you can think of the book as a compact "starter's kit" for systems engineers. Although the authors are recognized experts in academic settings, they attribute much of their success in systems engineering to their own hands-on experiences and want to show you how to achieve that same level of expertise. Simply reading this book or any other book will not suffice for the learning process to become a systems engineer - no book will do that. However, by following the principles laid out in this book, you can develop the necessary skills and expertise to help you start an interesting, challenging, and rewarding career as a systems engineer.

This volume constitutes the proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, CAiSE '95, held in Jyvaskyla, Finland in June 1995.
The 26 full papers presented in this volume were selected from more than 100 submissions; in addition there are three invited papers. Among the contributing authors are academics as well as information system practitioners from industry and administration. The volume is organized in sections on behaviour modelling, requirements engineering, 00 concepts and applications, work and communication modelling, meta modelling, user interface issues, CASE integration, reuse, conceptual modelling issues, and software development issues."

Logical Approach to Systems Theory (LAST) provides the foundations for the second order treatment of system models and an effective framework for applying basic concepts in systems theory to the design of information systems.
The main characteristics of LAST are:
1. type-free representation of system models; 2. distinction of system models from their structures; 3. hierarchical structure expansion, which describes inheritance of structures.
The basic concept of LAST mainly focuses on a system model structure, morphism for similarity and universality of realization. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the basic concepts and additional discussion of such important issues as hierarchy and system properties.

This volume presents the proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems held jointly with the Working Group Provably Correct Systems (ProCoS) at L beck, Germany in September 1994.
The book contains full versions of 5 invited talks and 33 carefully selected refereed contributions as well as 12 tool demonstrations. It documents that formal techniques constitute the foundation of a systematic design of real-time, fault-tolerant, and hybrid systems, throughout the whole engineering process, from the capture of requirements through specification, design, coding and compilation, right down to the hardware that embeds the system into its environment.

This book presents a collection of coordinated scientific papers describing the work conducted and the results achieved within the LOGIDATA+ project, a research action funded by the Italian national research council CNR. Theaim of the LOGIDATA+ project is the definition of advanced database systems which significantly extend the functionalities of the current systems, with specific reference to the application areas for which relational systemsare not considered satisfactory. These new systems will allow the definitionof data with complex structures, the representation of semantic relationships between objects, and the use of powerful query and update languages. They will be based on a combination of techniques originatingfrom relational databases and logic programming, with contributions from object-oriented programming. The goal of the LOGIDATA+ project is the design, definition, and prototype implementation of a database management system with complex structures and a class hierarchy, to be accessed through a rule-based language. This book presents an integrated view of the project at the end of the first phase. The second phase will be mainly concerned with the implementation of prototypes.

As computer technology is used to control critical systems to an increasing degree, it is vital that the methods for developing and understanding these systems are substantially improved. The mathematical and scientific foundations currently used are extremely limited which means that their correctness and reliability cannot be ensured to an acceptable level. Systems engineering needs to become a fully fledged scientific discipline and formal methods, which are characterised by their firm mathematical foundations, are playing a vital role in achieving this transition. This volume is based on the proceedings of the Formal Methods Workshop (FM91), held in Drymen, Scotland, 24-27 September 1991. This was the second workshop sponsored by the Canadian and US governments to address the role of formal methods in the development of digital systems. Traditionally, formal methods have evolved in isolation from more conventional approaches, and one of the aims of this workshop was to emphasise the benefits of integrating the two areas. The workshop concentrated on the themes of quality assurance, design methods and mathematical modelling techniques. Particular emphasis was given to safety and security applications. Among the topics covered in this volume are: what is a formal method?; social research on formal methods; current quality assurance methods and formal methods; a pragmatic approach to validation; integrating methods in practice; composition of descriptions; and topics in large program formal development. Formal Methods in Systems Engineering provides an overview of many of the major approaches to formal methods and the benefits which can result from them. It is relevant to academic and industrial researchers, industrial practitioners and government workers with an interest in certification.

This volume presents the proceedings of the fifth Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, CAiSE '93, held at the University of Paris-Sorbonne in June 1993. Initiated by J. Bubenko from the Swedish Institute for Systems Development in Stockhom, Sweden, and A. Solvberg from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim, Norway, this series of conferences evolved from a Nordic audience to a truly European one. All the conferences have attracted international papers of high quality, indicating the needfor an international conference on advanced information systems engineering topics. The spectrum of contributions contained in the present proceedings extends from inevitable and still controversial issues regarding modeling of information systems, via development environments and experiences, to various novel views forsome specific aspects of information systems development such as reuse, schema integration, and evolution.

Enterprise operation efficiency is seriously constrained by the inability to provide the right information, in the right place, at the right time. In spite of significant advances in technology it is still difficult to access information used or produced by different applications due to the hardware and software incompatibilities of manufacturing and information processing equipment. But it is this information and operational knowledge which makes up most of the business value of the enterprise and which enables it to compete in the marketplace. Therefore, sufficient and timely information access is a prerequisite for its efficient use in the operation of enterprises. It is the aim of the ESPRIT project AMICE to make this knowledge base available enterprise-wide. During several ESPRIT contracts the project has developed and validated CIMOSA: Open System Architecture for CIM. The CIMOSA concepts provide operation structuring based on cooperating processes. Enterprise operations are represented in terms of functionality and dynamic behaviour (control flow). Information needed and produced, as well as resources and organisational aspects relevant in the course of the operation are modelled in the process model. However, the different aspects may be viewed separately for additional structuring and detailing during the enterprise engineering process.

This work presents a new, abstract and comprehensive view of open distributed systems. The starting point is a small number of core concepts and basic principles, which are informally introduced and precisely defined using mathematical logic. It is shown how the basic concepts of open systems interconnection (OSI), which are currently the most important standardization activities in the context of open distributed systems, can be obtained by specialization and extension of these basic concepts. Application examples include the formal treatment of the interaction point concept and the hierarchical development of communication systems. This book is a contribution to the field of software engineering in general and to the design of open distributed systems in particular. It is oriented towards the design and implementation of real systems, and brings together both formal logical reasoning and current software engineering practice.

This volume contains the papers selected for presentation at the fifth European Symposium on Programming (ESOP '94), which was held jointly with the 19th Colloquium on Trees in Algebra and Programming (CAAP '94) in Edinburgh in April 1994. ESOP is devoted to fundamental issues in the specification, design and implementation of programming languages and systems. The scope of the symposium includes work on: software analysis, specification, transformation, development and verification/certification; programming paradigms (functional, logic, object-oriented, concurrent, etc.) and their combinations; programming language concepts, implementation techniques and semantics; software design methodologies; typing disciplines and typechecking algorithms; and programming support tools.

These proceedings contain the papers presented at the Advanced Research Working Conference on Correct Hardware Design Methodologies, held in Arles, France, in May 1993, and organized by the ESPRIT Working Group 6018 CHARME-2and the Universit de Provence, Marseille, in cooperation with IFIP Working Group 10.2. Formal verification is emerging as a plausible alternative to exhaustive simulation for establishing correct digital hardware designs. The validation of functional and timing behavior is a major bottleneck in current VLSI design systems, slowing the arrival of products in the marketplace with its associated increase in cost. From being a predominantly academic area of study until a few years ago, formal design and verification techniques are now beginning to migrate into industrial use. As we are now witnessing an increase in activity in this area in both academia and industry, the aim of this working conference was to bring together researchers and users from both communities.

This volume constitutes the proceedings of the International Symposium on Design and Implementation of Symbolic Computation Systems (DISCO '93), held in Gmunden, Austria, in September 1993. The growing importance of systems for symbolic computation has greatly influenced the decision of organizing this third conference in the series: DISCO '93 focuses mainly on the most innovative methodological and technological aspects of the design and implementation of hardware and software systems for symbolic and algebraic computation, automated reasoning, geometric modeling and computation, and automatic programming. The general objective of DISCO '93 is to present an up-to-date view of the field and to serve as a forum insymbolic computation for the scientific exchange among academic, industrial and user communities. Besides invited talks by Buchberger, Monagan, Omodeo and Hong, the volume contains 28 contributions, carefully selected by a highly competent international program committee from a total of 56 submissions.

Contents: Optimality and Duality. - Mathematical Programming - Algorithms: -Computational Geometry. - Discrete Optimization. - Linear programming and Complementarity. - Nonlinear Programming. - Optimal Control: - Control Problems. - Distributed Parameter Systems; Stochastic Programming; Applied Modelling and Optimization: Biological and Medical Systems. - Computer-aided Modelling and Design. -Ecology. - Economy and Energy. - Financial Services. - Production and Logistics. - Stochastic Modelling.

Industrial processes such as long-wall coal cutting and me- tal rolling, together with certain areas of 2D signal and image processing, exhibit a repetitive, or multipass struc- ture characterized by a series of sweeps of passes through a known set of dynamics. The output, or pass profile, produced on each pass explicitly contributes to that produced on the text. This interpass interaction can lead to the growth of oscillations, and hence a form of instability, in the se- quence of pass profiles which require control strategies that explicitly incorporate the essential repetitive struc- ture of the process in their decision making. This monograph is unique in developing the new techniques necessary for sy- stematic control systems design in the form of a stability theory and computationally feasible stability tests based on finite simulations and polynomial analysis. Its development requires a basic knowledge of linear frequency domain and state-space theory and a knowledge of basic functional ana- lysis would be beneficial. The text is aimed at researchers in the area of control and systems theory and should also be of interest to those working in the related area of signal and image processing.

The growing demand for information systems of ever-increasing size, scope, and complexity has highlighted the benefits that may be accrued from approaches which recognize the interrelationships between different technological strands in the field of information systems. Typical examples of these areas include: system development methods, CASE, requirements engineering, database design, and re-use. The CAiSE series of conferences provides the forum for the exchange of results and ideas within these different technological spheres from a single perspective, namely that of information systems development and management. The 1992 conference, the fourth in the series, continues this tradition. This volume collects the papers accepted for the conference, with authors from 16 countries covering a wide range of topics including: object-oriented analysis and design methods, the development process and product support, requirements engineering, re-use, design approaches, and deductive approaches.

DISCO 92 was held on the Newton Park campus of Bath College of Higher Education, England, April 13-15, 1992. Beside the formal lectures dedicated to design and implementation issues of computer algebra, there were several software demonstrations and an opportunity for system designers to compare systems. This volume presents the proceedings of the conference. It contains 18 papers on a variety of design and implementation issues. One general theme which clearly emerges is the need for interconnections between systems, as no one systems incorporates all the facilities that users want. Various effortsare being made to design such links, but generally in limited contexts (suchas the Maple project or the Posso project).

Increasingly, formal specification is being used by database researchers to describe and understand the systems they are designing and implementing. Similarly, those working on formal specification techniques have recognised that the database field provides a rich context for developing their ideas. However, as experts in one field often have a relatively limited knowledge of the other, there is a growing need for discussion about the relationship between these two fields and how they can be usefully combined. This volume contains the 16 papers which were presented at the International Workshop on Specification on Database Systems, held in Glasgow, 3-5 July 1991. The purpose of the workshop was to bring together these fields and to examine, through a series of invited talks, presentations and working groups, the role that formal specification can play in developing database systems. The papers describe current research into topics such as the formal specification of data models, query languages and transaction handling and the use of formal specification techniques to understand problems which arise in database systems. The working groups, which are summarised at the end of the volume, covered a variety of issues including the role of graphical notations in database specification, the use of specification techniques in enabling "open" or extensible database systems and the education of the database community in specification techniques. This volume will be invaluable to the increasing number of researchers who are using both database systems and formal specification techniques in their work, and who wish to gain a more detailed knowledge of these two fields and the issues which affect them.

Refinement is the term used to describe systematic and formal methods of specifying hard- and software and transforming the specifications into designs and implementations. The value of formal methods in producing reliable hard- and software is widely appreciated by academics and workers in industry, despite the fact that certain research areas, such as the application to industrial-scale problems, are still in their infancy. This volume contains the papers presented at the 5th Refinement Workshop held in London, 8-10 January 1992. Its theme was the theory and practice of software specifications, which is the transformation of formal software specifications into more correct specifications, designs and codes. This has been an important area of research for the last 5 years and the workshop addressed specific issues and problems related to it. Among the topics discussed in this volume are: the role of refinement in software development, parallel designs and implementations, methods and tools for verification of critical properties, refinement and confidentiality, concurrent processes as objects, the compliance of Ada programs with Z specifications and a tactic driven refinement tool. This is the latest refinement workshop proceedings to be published in the "Workshops in Computing" series (the 3rd and 4th workshops having appeared in 1990 and 1991 respectively). It will be of interest to academic and industrial researchers, postgraduate students and research-oriented developers in the computer industry.

This book is an outcome of a 2-days Workshop on Automation Engineering held in Salzhausen (near Hamburg), F.R. Germany. The Workshop is annually organ ized by the Institute of Automation Technology and the Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry of the University of Bremen. It is regularly joined by 30 to 40 participants representing the teaching and reserarch staff of both Institutes, as weIl as some invited colleagues from other universities and the regional industry. Usually 15/20 selected contributions, grouped in technical sessions (system modelling and identification, control systems design, computer hardware and soft ware, knowledge-based systems, robotics etc.), are presented at the Workshop, whereby the invited guests preferably present survey papers on current problems of modern systems engineering. For this book, 22 papers, contributed to the last two Workshops, are selected and grouped into 6 Chapters. The Chapters reflect the technical sessions listed above and give an average view on current research activities at both Institutes of the University. It is expected that the book will prove as a useful reference to the scientists and practicing engineers in the area of devel opment and application of methods of modern systems engineering in processing industry and the robotics."

In general, distributed systems can be classified into Distributed File Systems (DFS) and Distributed Operating Systems (DOS). The survey which follows distinguishes be tween DFS approaches in Chapters 2-3, and DOS approaches in Chapters 4-5. Within DFS and DOS, I further distinguish "traditional" and object-oriented approaches. A traditional approach is one where processes are the active components in the systems and where the name space is hierarchically organized. In a centralized environment, UNIX would be a good example of a traditional approach. On the other hand, an object-oriented approach deals with objects in which all information is encapsulated. Some systems of importance do not fit into the DFS/DOS classification. I call these systems "closely related" and put them into Chapter 6. Chapter 7 contains a table of comparison. This table gives a lucid overview summarizing the information provided and allowing for quick access. The last chapter is added for the sake of completeness. It contains very brief descriptions of other related systems. These systems are of minor interest or do not provide transparency at all. Sometimes I had to assign a system to this chapter simply for lack of adequate information about it."

documentation is constantly refined as detailed under 1.1 Purpose standing of the requirement increase. The CCT A of the UK government and Siemens For project management purposes the SSADM life Nixdorf (SNI) have undertaken a joint project to com cycle is defined in terms of work packages, modules, pare the CCTA's methodology SSADM and Siemens stages and steps. Each work package is completed when Nixdorf's product GRAPES]). SSADM is an analysis a specified set of documentation is produced and satis and design methodology for computer systems. fies specified quality criteria. All activities undertaken at GRAPES is a graphical language used within the each point are those necessary to produce the required framework provided by the DOMINO@: process tech documentation. nology of Siemens Nixdorf for analysis and design of information systems. (In the 1991 Statement of Direc The analysis is undertaken concentrating on three key tion it was declared the Siemens Nixdorf main line for perspectives: modelling technology.) The study was undertaken in February and March 1991. * functions (users' views of system processing to react to events) The goal of the study was to compare SSADM and * events (real-world business events, e.g. "receipt of DOMINO/GRAPES to discover whether both application"; or system-generated, e.g. end-of-month approaches elicit the same knowledge about a system.