Thinking: A Guide to Systems Engineering Problem-Solving focuses upon articulating ways of thinking in today's world of systems and systems engineering. It also explores how the old masters made the advances they made, hundreds of years ago. Taken together, these considerations represent new ways of problem solving and new pathways to answers for modern times. Special areas of interest include types of intelligence, attributes of superior thinkers, systems architecting, corporate standouts, barriers to thinking, and innovative companies and universities. This book provides an overview of more than a dozen ways of thinking, to include: Inductive Thinking, Deductive Thinking, Reductionist Thinking, Out-of-the-Box Thinking, Systems Thinking, Design Thinking, Disruptive Thinking, Lateral Thinking, Critical Thinking, Fast and Slow Thinking, and Breakthrough Thinking. With these thinking skills, the reader is better able to tackle and solve new and varied types of problems. Features Proposes new approaches to problem solving for the systems engineer Compares as well as contrasts various types of Systems Thinking Articulates thinking attributes of the great masters as well as selected modern systems engineers Offers chapter by chapter thinking exercises for consideration and testing Suggests a "top dozen" for today's systems engineers

This book constitutes the refereed post-proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Design, Specification, and Verification of Interactive Systems, DSV-IS 2005. The 20 revised full papers, 1 keynote paper, and 4 summaries of group discussions are organized in topical sections on teams and groups, sketches and templates, away from the desktop, migration and mobility, analysis tools, model-based design processes and tools, and group discussions.

This book presents 8 papers accompanying the lectures of leading researchers given at the 6th edition of the International School on Formal Methods for the Design of Computer, Communication and Software Systems (SFM 2006). SFM 2006 was devoted to formal techniques for hardware verification and covers several aspects of the hardware design process, including hardware design languages and simulation, property specification formalisms, automatic test pattern generation, symbolic trajectory evaluation, and more.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computation Structures, FOSSACS 2007, held in Braga, Portugal in March/April 2007. The 25 revised full papers presented together with the abstract of one invited talk cover a broad spectrum on theories and methods to support analysis, synthesis, transformation and verification of programs and software systems.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computation Structures, FOSSACS 2006, held in Vienna, Austria in March 2006 as part of ETAPS.

The 28 revised full papers presented together with 1 invited paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 107 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on mobile processes, software science, distributed computation, categorical models, real time and hybrid systems, process calculi, automata and logic, domains, lambda calculus, types, and security.

Developments in Risk-based Approaches to Safety contains the invited papers presented at the Fourteenth annual Safety-critical Systems Symposium, held at Bristol, UK in February 2006.

The papers included in this volume address the most critical topics in the field of safety-critical systems. The focus this year, considered from various perspectives, is on recent developments in risk-based approaches. Subjects discussed include innovation in risk analysis, management risk, the safety case, software safety, language development and the creation of systems for complex control functions.

Papers provide a mix of industrial experience and academic research results and are presented under the headings: Tutorial, New Approaches to Risk Assessment, Experience of Developing Safety Cases, Management Influence on Safety, Software Safety, New Technologies in Safety-critical Systems, Adding Dimensions to Safety Cases.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS 2006, held in March 2006. The 32 revised full papers presented together with two invited and keynote papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 174 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on pervasive computing, memory systems, architectures, multiprocessing, energy efficient design, power awareness, network protocols, security, and distributed networks.

Program analysis is concerned with techniques that automatically determine run-time properties of given programs prior to run-time. It is used for validation in order to ensure that programs serve their intended purpose and in further processing for efficient execution such as in optimizing compilers. Optimal program analysis provides a guarantee about the precision of the computed results.

This monograph, a revised version of the author's habilitation thesis, focusses on optimal flow analysis of sequential and parallel programs. It studies algorithmic properties of various versions of the well-known constant-propagation problem. In order to come to grips with the variants considered, it combines techniques from different areas such as linear algebra, computable ring theory, abstract interpretation, program verification, complexity theory, etc. Combination of techniques is the key to further progress in automatic analysis and constant-propagation allows us to illustrate this point in a theoretical study.

After a general overview, the monograph consists of three essentially self-contained parts that can be read independently of each other. These parts study: a hierarchy of constants in sequential programs, inherent limits of flow analysis of parallel programs, and how to overcome these limits by abandoning a classic atomic execution assumption.

These proceedings record the papers presented at the 4th International Conf- ence of B and Z Users (ZB 2005), held in the city of Guildford in the south-east ofEngland. Thisconferencebuiltonthesuccessofthepreviousthreeconferences in this series, ZB 2000, held at the University of York in the UK, ZB 2002, held at theLaboratoire Logiciels Syst' emes R' eseaux within theInstitut d'Informatique et Math' ematique Appliqu' ees de Grenoble (LSR-IMAG) in Grenoble, France, and ? ZB 2003, held in Turku in Finland hosted by Abo Akademi University and the TurkuCentreforComputerScience(TUCS). ZB2005washeldattheUniversity of Surrey, Guildford, UK, hosted by the Department of Computing. The U- versity has always placed particular emphasis on the applicability of its research and its relationship with industrial partners. In this context it is building up its formal methods activity as an area of strategic importance, with the establi- ment of a new group within the Department of Computing, and also with its support for this conference. B and Z are two important formal methods that share a common conceptual origin; they are leading approaches in industry and academia for the speci?- tion and development (using formal re? nement) of computer-based systems. At ZB 2005 the B and Z communities met once again to hold a fourth joint c- ference that simultaneously incorporated the 15th International Z User Meeting and the 6th International Conference on the B Method.

The keychallengeforfuture computersystemis dealingwithcomplexity.Onone hand this involves internal system complexity which has increased exponentially over recent years. Here the main objectives are to maintain system reliability and to keep the design and maintenance e?ort manageable, while at the same timecontinuingtoprovidenewfunctionalityandincreasingsystemperformance. This hasbeenthe focus ofso-calledautonomouscomputing, whichaimsto bring self-con?guration and repair to a wide range of computing systems. On the other hand future computer systems are more and more becoming integrated into the fabric of everyday life and thus have to deal with the c- plexities of the real world. They will become smaller, more appropriate for their use, integrated into everyday objects, and often virtually or physically invisible to the users.They will alsobe deployedin a muchhigher quantity andpenetrate many moreapplicationareasthan traditional notionsof computer systems.This requirescomputersystemstobeadaptablewithinamuchwiderrangeofpossible tasks, subjected to much harsher conditions. To provide such features and functionality, computer devices will become tinieryetstillincreaseinsystemcomplexity;theymustconsumelesspower, while still supporting advanced computation and communications, such that they are highlyconnectedyetstilloperateasautonomousunits.Pervasiveandubiquitous computing researchaddressessuchissues by developingconcepts and technology for interweaving computers into our everyday life. The principal approach is to enhance system functionality and adaptability by recognizing context and situations in the environment

Since its original publication in 1971, this text has been a standard for signals and systems courses that emphasize probability. It provides an introduction to probability theory, statistics, random processes, and the analysis of systems with random inputs. The third edition will utilize MATLAB as a computational tool. It will be thoroughly revised to include new examples and problems, and updated to reflect the most current research and technologies. This book is intended for the junior/senior level engineering students.

Emphasizing the detailed design of various Verilog projects, Verilog HDL: Digital Design and Modeling offers students a firm foundation on the subject matter. The textbook presents the complete Verilog language by describing different modeling constructs supported by Verilog and by providing numerous design examples and problems in each chapter. Examples include counters of different moduli, half adders, full adders, a carry lookahead adder, array multipliers, different types of Moore and Mealy machines, and much more. The text also contains information on synchronous and asynchronous sequential machines, including pulse-mode asynchronous sequential machines. In addition, it provides descriptions of the design module, the test bench module, the outputs obtained from the simulator, and the waveforms obtained from the simulator illustrating the complete functional operation of the design. Where applicable, a detailed review of the topic's theory is presented together with logic design principles, including state diagrams, Karnaugh maps, equations, and the logic diagram. Verilog HDL: Digital Design and Modeling is a comprehensive, self-contained, and inclusive textbook that carries all designs through to completion, preparing students to thoroughly understand this popular hardware description language.

As software systems become ubiquitous, the issues of dependability become more and more crucial. Given that solutions to these issues must be considered from the very beginning of the design process, it is reasonable that dependability is addressed at the architectural level. This book comes as a result of an effort to bring together the research communities of software architectures and dependability.

This state-of-the-art survey contains 16 carefully selected papers originating from the Twin Workshops on Architecting Dependable Systems (WADS 2004) accomplished as part of the International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2004) in Edinburgh, UK and of the International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN 2004) in Florence, Italy. The papers are organised in topical sections on architectures for dependable services, monitoring and reconfiguration in software architectures, dependability support for software architectures, architectural evaluation, and architectural abstractions for dependability.

The SAMOS workshop is an international gathering of highly quali?ed researchers from academia and industry, sharing in a 3-day lively discussion on the quiet and - spiring northern mountainside of the Mediterranean island of Samos. As a tradition, the workshop features workshop presentations in the morning, while after lunch all kinds of informal discussions and nut-cracking gatherings take place. The workshop is unique in the sense that not only solved research problems are presented and discussed but also (partly) unsolved problems and in-depth topical reviews can be unleashed in the sci- ti?c arena. Consequently, the workshop provides the participants with an environment where collaboration rather than competition is fostered. The earlier workshops, SAMOS I-IV (2001-2004), were composed only of invited presentations. Due to increasing expressions of interest in the workshop, the Program Committee of SAMOS V decided to open the workshop for all submissions. As a result the SAMOS workshop gained an immediate popularity; a total of 114 submitted papers were received for evaluation. The papers came from 24 countries and regions: Austria (1), Belgium (2), Brazil (5), Canada (4), China (12), Cyprus (2), Czech Republic (1), Finland (15), France (6), Germany (8), Greece (5), Hong Kong (2), India (2), Iran (1), Korea (24), The Netherlands (7), Pakistan (1), Poland (2), Spain (2), Sweden (2), T- wan (1), Turkey (2), UK (2), and USA (5). We are grateful to all of the authors who submitted papers to the workshop.

It is always a special honor to chair the European Dependable Computing C- ference (EDCC). EDCC has become one of the well-established conferences in the ?eld of dependability in the European research area. Budapest was selected as the host of this conference due to its traditions in organizing international scienti?c events and its traditional role of serving as a meeting point between East and West. EDCC-5 was the ?fth in the series of these high-quality scienti?c conf- ences. In addition to the overall signi?cance of such a pan-European event, this year's conference was a special one due to historic reasons. The roots of EDCC date back to the moment when the Iron Curtain fell. Originally, two groups of scientists from di?erent European countries in Western and Eastern Europe - who were active in research and education related to dependability created a - joint forum in order to merge their communities as early as in 1989. This trend has continued up to today. This year's conference was the ?rst one where the overwhelming majority of the research groups belong to the family of European nations united in the European Union. During the past 16 years we observed that the same roots in all the professional, cultural and scienti?c senses led to a seamless integration of these research communities previously separated ar- ?cially for a long time. EDCC has become one of the main European platforms to exchange new - searchideasinthe?eldofdependability.

Thisvolumeconstitutestheproceedingsofthe2005 Advanced Research Working C- ference on Correct Hardware-like Design and Veri?cation Methods. CHARME 2005 washeldattheVictor sResidenz-Hotel, Saarbruck ] en, Germany,3 6October2005. CHARME2005wasthethirteenthinaseriesofworkingconferencesdevotedtothe developmentandtheuseofleading-edgeformaltechniquesandtoolsforthespeci?- tion, design and veri?cationof hardwareand hardware-likesystems. Previousconf- encesundertheCHARMEnamehavebeenheldinTurin(1991), Arles(1993), Fra- furt (1995), Montreal (1997), Bad Herrenalb (1999), Edinburgh (2001) and L Aquila (2003).Prioreventsintheserieswerestartedintheearlydaysofformalhardwarev- i?cation, and wereheld undervariousnamesin Darmstadt (1984), Edinburgh(1985), Grenoble(1986), Glasgow (1988), and Leuven(1989).It is nowwell established that CHARMEtakesplaceonodd-numberedyears, androtatesprimarilyinEurope.Itisthe biennialcounterpartofitssisterconferenceFMCAD, whichhastakenplaceeveryeven yearintheUSAsince1996. CHARME 2005 was sponsored by the IFIP TC10/WG10.5 Working Group on Design and Engineering of Electronic Systems and its Special Interest Group SIG- CHARME. It was organized by the Computer Science Department of Saarland University. Thisyear, twokindsofcontributionsweresolicited: (i)fullpapers, describingor- inalresearchwork, intendedforanoralplenarypresentation, (ii)shortpapers, descr- ingongoinglessmatureresearchworkintendedforpresentationaspostersorresearch prototypedemonstrations. Two very long sessions were allocated to poster and int- active presentations, with the aim of giving an emphasis on the working aspect of the working conference, where discussion of new or un?nished results and feedback are an essential aspect of the event.The community was extremely responsiveto this viewpoint: we received a total number of 79 submitted papers, out of which 21 long contributionsand 18 short contributionswere accepted for presentationat the conf- enceandinclusioninthisvolume.Allpapersreceivedaminimumofthreereviews. For the conferenceprogram outside the refereed talks we put emphasis on the - latedtopicsoftoolintegrationandpervasivesystemveri?cation.Thedayprecedingthe workingconferencefeaturedhands-ondemonstrationsfornumerousveri?cationtools; italsofeaturedatutorialonsystemveri?cationbymembersoftheVerisoftproject.The overall program of CHARME 2005 included an invited keynote address by Wolfram B] uttner on industrial processor veri?cation and a round table discussion about mixed techniquesforverylargehardware-softwaresystemsinitiatedwithaninvitedpresen- tionbyMasaharuImaiandAkiraKitajima. A quality conference such as CHARME results from the work of many people. We wish to thank the membersof the ProgramCommittee and the externalreviewers fortheirhardworkinevaluatingthesubmissionsandinselectinghighqualitypapers

Welcometothe6thInternationalWorkshoponPassiveandActiveMeasurement, held in Boston, Massuchusetts. PAM 2005 was organized by Boston University, with ?nancial support from Endace Measurement Systems and Intel. PAM continues to grow and mature as a venue for research in all aspects of Internet measurement. This trend is being driven by increasing interest and activity in the ?eld of Internet measurement. To accommodate the increasing interest in PAM, this year the workshop added a Steering Committee, whose members will rotate, to provide continuity and oversight of the PAM workshop series. PAMplaysaspecialroleinthemeasurementcommunity. Itemphasizespr- matic, relevant research in the area of network and Internet measurement. Its focus re?ects the increasing understanding that measurement is critical to e?- tive engineering of the Internet's components. This is clearly a valuable role, as evidenced by the yearly increases in the number of submissions, interest in, and attendance at PAM. PAM received 84 submissions this year. Each paper was reviewed by three or four Program Committee (PC) members during the ?rst round. Papers that received con?icting scores were further reviewed by additional PC members or external reviewers (typically two). After all reviews were received, each paper with con?icting scores was discussed extensively by its reviewers, until a c- sensus was reached. The PC placed particular emphasis on selecting papers that were fresh and exciting research contributions. Also, strong preference was given to papers that included validation results based on real measurements.

Reconfiguration, an approach for fault-tolerant control, involves changing the control structure in response to the fault. This monograph extends this idea to actuator faults and studies in detail the so-called virtual actuator approach. "Control Reconfiguration of Dynamical Systems" also introduces structural analysis as a tool for reconfiguration. Because a fault changes the structure of the system, the reconfiguration solution is sought on a structural level. Novel algorithms are presented to test for reconfigurability and to find a reconfiguration solution. A MATLAB toolbox is supplied, which contains the main algorithms and examples. The book addresses advanced engineering students, developers and researchers that have a specific interest in control reconfiguration.

Human Factors in Systems Engineering shows how to integrate human factors into the design of tools, machines, and systems so that they match human abilities and limitations. Unlike virtually all other books on human factors, which leave the implementation of general guidelines to engineers and designers with little or no human factors expertise, this unique book shows that the proper role of the human factors specialist is to translate general guidelines into project specific design requirements to which engineers can design. Again, while other human factors books ignore the standards, specifications, requirements, and other work products that must be prepared by engineers, this book emphasizes the methods used to generate the human factors inputs for engineering work products, and the points in the development process where these inputs are needed.

Comprehensive in its scope, Human Factors in Systems Engineering uses the systems engineering process to provide a broad understanding of the way human factors are used in the development process. It describes the full cycle of a design and shows what human factors inputs engineers and designers need at each stage of development.

Well-organized and clearly written, this invaluable text is fully supported by over a hundred illustrations, thirty tables, handy appendices, and extensive bibliographies. Its practical, hands-on approach makes it an indispensable resource for professionals and advanced students in human factors, ergonomics, industrial engineering, and systems engineering.

A unique, step-by-step guide to the application of human factors in the system development process

Human Factors in Systems Engineering

Unlike most current texts which provide general human factors recommendations but leave their interpretation to designers who are usually not trained for it, this book shows the reader how to prepare project specific system requirements that engineers can use easily and effectively. In addition, it fully explains the various work products—the standards and specifications—that engineers must produce during development, and shows what human factors inputs are required in each of them. Focusing on the entire systems engineering process, Human Factors in Systems Engineering offers professionals and advanced students a fresh, much-needed approach to the role of human factors in the design of tools, machines, and systems.

As software systems become more and more ubiquitous, the issues of dependability become more and more critical. Given that solutions to these issues must be planned at the beginning of the design process, it is appropriate that these issues be addressed at the architectural level. This book is inspired by the ICSE 2002 Workshop on Architecting Dependable Systems; it is devoted to current topics relevant for improving the state of the art for architecting dependability. Some of the 13 peer-reviewed papers presented were initially presented at the workshop, others were invited in order to achieve competent and complete coverage of all relevant aspects. The papers are organized in topical sections on - architectures for dependability - fault tolerance in software architectures - dependability analysis in software architectures - industrial experience.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Modelling Techniques and Tools for Computer Performance Evaluation, TOOLS 2003, held in Urbana, IL, USA, in September 2003. The 17 revised full papers presented together with a keynote paper were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers are organized in topical sections on tools for measuring, benchmarking, and online control; tools for evaluation of stochastic models; queueing models; Markovian arrival processes and phase-type distributions; and supporting model-based design of systems.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International SDL Forum, SDL 2003, held in Stuttgart, Germany in July 2003. The 23 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers are organized in topical sections on performance, evolution, development, modeling, timing, validation, design, and application. Thus all aspects of systems design and system design languages are addressed.

The refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference of Z and B Users, ZB 2003, held in Turku, Finland in June 2003. The 28 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The book documents the recent advances for the Z formal specification notation and for the B method, spanning the full scope from foundational, theoretical, and methodological issues to advanced applications, tools, and case studies.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2003, held in Warsaw, Poland, in April 2003. The 43 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 160 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on bounded model checking and SAT-based methods, mu-calculus and temporal logics, verification of parameterized systems, abstractions and counterexamples, real-time and scheduling, security and cryptography, modules and compositional verification, symbolic state spaces and decision diagrams, performance and mobility, state space reductions, constraint solving and decision procedures, and testing and verification.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Design, Specification, and Verification of Interactive Systems, DSV-IS 2003, held in Funchal, Madeira Island, Portugal, in June 2003.

The 26 revised full papers and 5 revised short papers presented together with an invited paper have passed through two rounds of reviewing, selection, and improvement. The papers are organized in topical sections on test and evaluation, Web and groupware, tools and technologies, task modeling, model-based design, mobile and multiple devices, UML, and specification languages.