Software-Implemented Hardware Fault Tolerance addresses the innovative topic of software-implemented hardware fault tolerance (SIHFT), i.e., how to deal with faults affecting the hardware by only (or mainly) acting on the software.

The first SIHFT techniques were proposed and adopted several decades ago, but they have been the object of new interest in the past few years, mainly due to the need for developing low-cost safety-critical computer-based applications in fields such as automotive, biomedics, and telecommunications. Therefore, several new approaches to detect, and when possible correct, transient and permanent faults in the hardware have been recently proposed. These approaches are innovative (with respect to those proposed in the past) since they are of higher applicability (often starting from the source-level code of an application) and generality, being capable of coping with many different fault types. The book presents the theory behind software-implemented hardware fault tolerance, as well as the practical aspects related to put it at work on real examples. By evaluating accurately the advantages and disadvantages of the already available approaches, the book provides a guide to developers willing to adopt software-implemented hardware fault tolerance in their applications. Moreover, the book identifies open issues for researchers willing to improve the already available techniques.

This book provides a panoramic view of theory and applications of Ageing and Dependence in the use of mathematical methods in reliability and survival analysis. Ageing and dependence are important characteristics in reliability and survival analysis. They affect decisions with regard to maintenance, repair/replacement, price setting, warranties, medical studies, and other areas. Most of the works containing the topics covered here are theoretical in nature. However, this book offers applications, exercises, and examples. It serves as a reference for professors and researchers involved in reliability and survival analysis.

With the fast development of networking and software technologies, information processing infrastructure and applications have been growing at an impressive rate in both size and complexity, to such a degree that the design and development of high performance and scalable data processing systems and networks have become an ever-challenging issue. As a result, the use of performance modeling and m- surementtechniquesas a critical step in designand developmenthas becomea c- mon practice. Research and developmenton methodologyand tools of performance modeling and performance engineering have gained further importance in order to improve the performance and scalability of these systems. Since the seminal work of A. K. Erlang almost a century ago on the mod- ing of telephone traf c, performance modeling and measurement have grown into a discipline and have been evolving both in their methodologies and in the areas in which they are applied. It is noteworthy that various mathematical techniques were brought into this eld, including in particular probability theory, stochastic processes, statistics, complex analysis, stochastic calculus, stochastic comparison, optimization, control theory, machine learning and information theory. The app- cation areas extended from telephone networks to Internet and Web applications, from computer systems to computer software, from manufacturing systems to s- ply chain, from call centers to workforce management.

Making Systems Safer contains the papers presented at the eighteenth annual Safety-critical Systems Symposium, held at Bristol, UK, in February 2010.

The Symposium is for engineers, managers and academics in the field of system safety, across all industry sectors, so the papers making up this volume offer a wide-ranging coverage of current safety topics, and a blend of academic research and industrial experience. They include both recent developments in the field and discussion of open issues that will shape future progress.

The first paper reflects a tutorial - on Formalization in Safety Cases - held on the first day of the Symposium. The subsequent 15 papers are presented under the headings of the Symposium's sessions: Perspectives on Systems Safety, Managing Safety-Related Projects, Transport Safety, Safety Standards, Safety Competencies and Safety Methods.

The book will be of interest to both academics and practitioners working in the safety-critical systems arena.

The present textbook contains the recordsof a two-semester course on que- ing theory, including an introduction to matrix-analytic methods. This course comprises four hours oflectures and two hours of exercises per week andhas been taughtattheUniversity of Trier, Germany, for about ten years in - quence. The course is directed to last year undergraduate and?rst year gr- uate students of applied probability and computer science, who have already completed an introduction to probability theory. Its purpose is to present - terial that is close enough to concrete queueing models and their applications, while providing a sound mathematical foundation for the analysis of these. Thus the goal of the present book is two-fold. On the one hand, students who are mainly interested in applications easily feel bored by elaborate mathematical questions in the theory of stochastic processes. The presentation of the mathematical foundations in our courses is chosen to cover only the necessary results, which are needed for a solid foundation of the methods of queueing analysis. Further, students oriented - wards applications expect to have a justi?cation for their mathematical efforts in terms of immediate use in queueing analysis. This is the main reason why we have decided to introduce new mathematical concepts only when they will be used in the immediate sequel. On the other hand, students of applied probability do not want any heur- tic derivations just for the sake of yielding fast results for the model at hand.

The two internationally renowned authors elucidate the structure of "fast" parallel computation. Its complexity is emphasised through a variety of techniques ranging from finite combinatorics, probability theory and finite group theory to finite model theory and proof theory. Non-uniform computation models are studied in the form of Boolean circuits; uniform ones in a variety of forms. Steps in the investigation of non-deterministic polynomial time are surveyed as is the complexity of various proof systems. Providing a survey of research in the field, the book will benefit advanced undergraduates and graduate students as well as researchers.

Tsutomu Sasao - Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan The material covered in this book is quite unique especially for p- ple who are reading English, since such material is quite hard to ?nd in the U.S. literature. German and Russian people have independently developed their theories, but such work is not well known in the U.S. societies. On the other hand, the theories developed in the U.S. are not conveyed to the other places. Thus, the same theory is re-invented or re-discovered in various places. For example, the switching theory was developed independently in the U.S., Europe, and Japan, almost at the same time [4, 18, 19]. Thus, the same notions are represented by di?- ent terminologies. For example, the Shegalkin polynomial is often called complement-free ring-sum, Reed-Muller expression [10], or Positive - larityReed-Mullerexpression [19].Anyway,itisquitedesirablethatsuch a unique book like this is written in English, and many people can read it without any di?culties. The authors have developed a logic system called XBOOLE.Itp- forms logical operations on the given functions. With XBOOLE, the readers can solve the problems given in the book. Many examples and complete solutions to the problems are shown, so the readers can study at home. I believe that the book containing many exercises and their solutions [9] is quite useful not only for the students, but also the p- fessors.

System-Level Design Techniques for Energy-Efficient Embedded Systems addresses the development and validation of co-synthesis techniques that allow an effective design of embedded systems with low energy dissipation. The book provides an overview of a system-level co-design flow, illustrating through examples how system performance is influenced at various steps of the flow including allocation, mapping, and scheduling. The book places special emphasis upon system-level co-synthesis techniques for architectures that contain voltage scalable processors, which can dynamically trade off between computational performance and power consumption. Throughout the book, the introduced co-synthesis techniques, which target both single-mode systems and emerging multi-mode applications, are applied to numerous benchmarks and real-life examples including a realistic smart phone.

This informative monograph helps meet the challenge of applying distributed control to dynamical systems. It shows readers how to bring the best parts of various control paradigms to bear in making distributed control more flexible and responsive.

As future generation information technology (FGIT) becomes specialized and fr- mented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in FGIT have common threads and, because of this, advances in one discipline may be transmitted to others. Presentation of recent results obtained in different disciplines encourages this interchange for the advancement of FGIT as a whole. Of particular interest are hybrid solutions that c- bine ideas taken from multiple disciplines in order to achieve something more signi- cant than the sum of the individual parts. Through such hybrid philosophy, a new principle can be discovered, which has the propensity to propagate throughout mul- faceted disciplines. FGIT 2009 was the first mega-conference that attempted to follow the above idea of hybridization in FGIT in a form of multiple events related to particular disciplines of IT, conducted by separate scientific committees, but coordinated in order to expose the most important contributions. It included the following international conferences: Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (ASEA), Bio-Science and Bio-Technology (BSBT), Control and Automation (CA), Database Theory and Application (DTA), D- aster Recovery and Business Continuity (DRBC; published independently), Future G- eration Communication and Networking (FGCN) that was combined with Advanced Communication and Networking (ACN), Grid and Distributed Computing (GDC), M- timedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB), Security Technology (SecTech), Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SIP), and- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST).

As future generation information technology (FGIT) becomes specialized and fr- mented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in FGIT have common threads and, because of this, advances in one discipline may be transmitted to others. Presentation of recent results obtained in different disciplines encourages this interchange for the advancement of FGIT as a whole. Of particular interest are hybrid solutions that c- bine ideas taken from multiple disciplines in order to achieve something more signi- cant than the sum of the individual parts. Through such hybrid philosophy, a new principle can be discovered, which has the propensity to propagate throughout mul- faceted disciplines. FGIT 2009 was the first mega-conference that attempted to follow the above idea of hybridization in FGIT in a form of multiple events related to particular disciplines of IT, conducted by separate scientific committees, but coordinated in order to expose the most important contributions. It included the following international conferences: Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (ASEA), Bio-Science and Bio-Technology (BSBT), Control and Automation (CA), Database Theory and Application (DTA), D- aster Recovery and Business Continuity (DRBC; published independently), Future G- eration Communication and Networking (FGCN) that was combined with Advanced Communication and Networking (ACN), Grid and Distributed Computing (GDC), M- timedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB), Security Technology (SecTech), Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SIP), and- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST).

As future generation information technology (FGIT) becomes specialized and fr- mented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in FGIT have common threads and, because of this, advances in one discipline may be transmitted to others. Presentation of recent results obtained in different disciplines encourages this interchange for the advancement of FGIT as a whole. Of particular interest are hybrid solutions that c- bine ideas taken from multiple disciplines in order to achieve something more signi- cant than the sum of the individual parts. Through such hybrid philosophy, a new principle can be discovered, which has the propensity to propagate throughout mul- faceted disciplines. FGIT 2009 was the first mega-conference that attempted to follow the above idea of hybridization in FGIT in a form of multiple events related to particular disciplines of IT, conducted by separate scientific committees, but coordinated in order to expose the most important contributions. It included the following international conferences: Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (ASEA), Bio-Science and Bio-Technology (BSBT), Control and Automation (CA), Database Theory and Application (DTA), D- aster Recovery and Business Continuity (DRBC; published independently), Future G- eration Communication and Networking (FGCN) that was combined with Advanced Communication and Networking (ACN), Grid and Distributed Computing (GDC), M- timedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB), Security Technology (SecTech), Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SIP), and- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST).

Explains fault tolerance in clear terms, with concrete examples drawn from real-world settings
Highly practical focus aimed at building "mission-critical" networked applications that remain secure

From the Foreword:

..".the presentation of real-time scheduling is probably the best in terms of clarity I have ever read in the professional literature. Easy to understand, which is important for busy professionals keen to acquire (or refresh) new knowledge without being bogged down in a convoluted narrative and an excessive detail overload. The authors managed to largely avoid theoretical-only presentation of the subject, which frequently affects books on operating systems.

... an indispensable resource] to gain a thorough understanding of the real-time systems from the operating systems perspective, and to stay up to date with the recent trends and actual developments of the open-source real-time operating systems."

-Richard Zurawski, ISA Group, San Francisco, California, USA

Real-time embedded systems are integral to the global technological and social space, but references still rarely offer professionals the sufficient mix of theory and practical examples required to meet intensive economic, safety, and other demands on system development. Similarly, instructors have lacked a resource to help students fully understand the field. The information was out there, though often at the abstract level, fragmented and scattered throughout literature from different engineering disciplines and computing sciences.

Accounting for readers' varying practical needs and experience levels, Real Time Embedded Systems: Open-Source Operating Systems Perspective offers a holistic overview from the operating-systems perspective. It provides a long-awaited reference on real-time operating systems and their almost boundless application potential in the embedded system domain.

Balancing the already abundant coverage of operating systems with the largely ignored real-time aspects, or "physicality," the authors analyze several realistic case studies to introduce vital theoretical material. They also discuss popular open-source operating systems-Linux and FreRTOS, in particular-to help embedded-system designers identify the benefits and weaknesses in deciding whether or not to adopt more traditional, less powerful, techniques for a project.

This volume of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science series contains all papers accepted for presentation at the 20th IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Distributed Systems: Operations and Management (DSOM 2009), which was held in Venice, Italy, during October 27-28, 2009. DSOM 2009 was the 20th event in a series of annual workshops. It followed in the footsteps of previous successful meetings, the most recent of which were held on Samos, Greece (DSOM 2008), San Jos e, California, USA (DSOM 2007), Dublin, Ireland (DSOM 2006), Barcelona, Spain (DSOM 2005), and Davis, C- ifornia, USA (DSOM 2004). The goal of the DSOM workshops is to bring - gether researchersfromindustry andacademia workingin the areasofnetworks, systems, and service management, to discuss recent advances and foster future growth. In contrast to the larger management conferences, such as IM (Inter- tional Symposium on Integrated Network Management) and NOMS (Network OperationsandManagementSymposium),DSOMworkshopshaveasingle-track program in order to stimulate more intense interaction among participants.

As future generation information technology (FGIT) becomes specialized and fr- mented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in FGIT have common threads and, because of this, advances in one discipline may be transmitted to others. Presentation of recent results obtained in different disciplines encourages this interchange for the advancement of FGIT as a whole. Of particular interest are hybrid solutions that c- bine ideas taken from multiple disciplines in order to achieve something more signi- cant than the sum of the individual parts. Through such hybrid philosophy, a new principle can be discovered, which has the propensity to propagate throughout mul- faceted disciplines. FGIT 2009 was the first mega-conference that attempted to follow the above idea of hybridization in FGIT in a form of multiple events related to particular disciplines of IT, conducted by separate scientific committees, but coordinated in order to expose the most important contributions. It included the following international conferences: Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (ASEA), Bio-Science and Bio-Technology (BSBT), Control and Automation (CA), Database Theory and Application (DTA), D- aster Recovery and Business Continuity (DRBC; published independently), Future G- eration Communication and Networking (FGCN) that was combined with Advanced Communication and Networking (ACN), Grid and Distributed Computing (GDC), M- timedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB), Security Technology (SecTech), Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SIP), and u- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST).

We are proud to present the proceedings of NET-COOP 2009, the inter- tionalconferenceonnetworkcontrolandoptimization, co-organizedbyEURAN- DOM/Eindhoven University of Technology and CWI. This year's conference at EURANDOM, held November 23-25, was the third in line after previous e- tions in Avignon (2007) and Paris (2008). NET-COOP 2009 was organized in conjunction with the Euro-NF workshop on "New Trends in Modeling, Quan- tative Methods, and Measurements. " While organized within the framework of Euro-NF, NET-COOP enjoys great interest beyond Euro-NF, as is attested by the geographic origins of the papers in these proceedings. TheNET-COOPconferencefocusesonperformanceanalysis, controland- timization of communication networks, including wired networks, wireless n- works, peer to peer networks and delay tolerant networks. In each of these domains network operators and service providers face the challenging task to e?ciently provide service at their customer's standards in a highly dynamic - vironment. Internet tra?c continues to grow tremendously in terms of volume as well as diversity. This development is fueled by the increasing availability of high-bandwidth access (both wired and wireless) to end users, opening new ground for evolving and newly emerging wide-band applications. The increase in network complexity, as well as the plurality of parties involved in network operation, calls for e?cient distributed control. New models and techniques for the control and optimization of networks are needed to address the challenge of allocating communication resources e?ciently and fairly, while accounting for non-cooperative behavior.

First established in August 1988, the Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC) has shaped the landscape of modern transaction processing and database benchmarks over two decades. Now, the world is in the midst of an extraordinary information explosion led by rapid growth in the use of the Internet and connected devices. Both user-generated data and enterprise data levels continue to grow ex- nentially. With substantial technological breakthroughs, Moore's law will continue for at least a decade, and the data storage capacities and data transfer speeds will continue to increase exponentially. These have challenged industry experts and researchers to develop innovative techniques to evaluate and benchmark both hardware and software technologies. As a result, the TPC held its First Conference on Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking (TPCTC 2009) on August 24 in Lyon, France in conjunction with the 35th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB 2009). TPCTC 2009 provided industry experts and researchers with a forum to present and debate novel ideas and methodologies in performance evaluation, measurement and characteri- tion for 2010 and beyond. This book contains the proceedings of this conference, including 16 papers and keynote papers from Michael Stonebraker and Karl Huppler.

Advances in Systems Safety contains the papers presented at the nineteenth annual Safety-Critical Systems Symposium, held at Southampton, UK, in February 2011.

The Symposium is for engineers, managers and academics in the field of system safety, across all industry sectors, so the papers making up this volume offer a wide-ranging coverage of current safety topics, and a blend of academic research and industrial experience. They include both recent developments in the field and discussion of open issues that will shape future progress.

The 17 papers in this volume are presented under the headings of the Symposium 's sessions: Safety Cases; Projects, Services and Systems of Systems; Systems Safety in Healthcare; Testing Safety-Critical Systems; Technological Matters and Safety Standards.

The book will be of interest to both academics and practitioners working in the safety-critical systems arena.

Reliability and Risk Issues in Large Scale Safety-critical Digital Control Systems provides a comprehensive coverage of reliability issues and their corresponding countermeasures in the field of large-scale digital control systems, from the hardware and software in digital systems to the human operators who supervise the overall process of large-scale systems. Unlike other books which examine theories and issues in individual fields, this book reviews important problems and countermeasures across the fields of software reliability, software verification and validation, digital systems, human factors engineering and human reliability analysis. Divided into four sections dealing with software reliability, digital system reliability, human reliability and human operators in large-scale digital systems, the book offers insights from professional researchers in each specialized field in a diverse yet unified approach.

Cellular automata can be viewed both as computational models and modelling systems of real processes. This volume emphasises the first aspect. In articles written by leading researchers, sophisticated massive parallel algorithms (firing squad, life, Fischer's primes recognition) are treated. Their computational power and the specific complexity classes they determine are surveyed, while some recent results in relation to chaos from a new dynamic systems point of view are also presented. Audience: This book will be of interest to specialists of theoretical computer science and the parallelism challenge.

This book provides graduate students and practitioners with knowledge of the CORBA standard and practical experience of implementing distributed systems with CORBA's Java mapping. With tested code examples that will run immediately

A practical introduction to the development of proofs and certified programs using Coq.

An invaluable tool for researchers, students, and engineers interested in formal methods and the development of zero-fault software.

TheSAMOSworkshopisaninternationalgatheringofhighlyquali?edresearchers from academia and industry, sharing ideas in a 3-day lively discussion on the quietandinspiringnorthernmountainsideoftheMediterraneanislandofSamos. The workshopmeeting is one of two co-locatedevents (the other event being the IC-SAMOS).Asatradition, theworkshopfeaturespresentationsinthemorning, while after lunch all kinds of informal discussions and nut-cracking gatherings take place. The workshop is unique in the sense that not only solved research problems are presented and discussed but also (partly) unsolved problems and in-depth topical reviews can be unleashed in the scienti?c arena. Consequently, the workshopprovidesthe participantswithanenvironmentwherecollaboration rather than competition is fostered. The SAMOS conference and workshop were established in 2001 by Stamatis Vassiliadis with the goals outlined above in mind, and located on Samos, one of the most beautiful islands of the Aegean. The rich historical and cultural environment of the island, coupled with the intimate atmosphereandthe slowpaceofasmallvillagebythe seainthe middle of the Greek summer, provide a very conducive environment where ideas can be exchanged and shared freely

Networks on Chip presents a variety of topics, problems and approaches with the common theme to systematically organize the on-chip communication in the form of a regular, shared communication network on chip, an NoC for short.

As the number of processor cores and IP blocks integrated on a single chip is steadily growing, a systematic approach to design the communication infrastructure becomes necessary. Different variants of packed switched on-chip networks have been proposed by several groups during the past two years. This book summarizes the state of the art of these efforts and discusses the major issues from the physical integration to architecture to operating systems and application interfaces. It also provides a guideline and vision about the direction this field is moving to. Moreover, the book outlines the consequences of adopting design platforms based on packet switched network. The consequences may in fact be far reaching because many of the topics of distributed systems, distributed real-time systems, fault tolerant systems, parallel computer architecture, parallel programming as well as traditional system-on-chip issues will appear relevant but within the constraints of a single chip VLSI implementation.

The book is organized in three parts. The first deals with system design and methodology issues. The second presents problems and solutions concerning the hardware and the basic communication infrastructure. Finally, the third part covers operating system, embedded software and application. However, communication from the physical to the application level is a central theme throughout the book.

The book serves as an excellent reference source and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.