This book presents the refereed proceedings of the Sixth European Symposium on Programming, ESOP '96, held in Link ping, Sweden, in April 1996.
The 23 revised full papers included were selected from a total of 63 submissions; also included are invited papers by Cliff B. Jones and by Simon L. Peyton Jones. The book is devoted to fundamental issues in the specification, analysis, and implementation of programming languages and systems; the emphasis is on research issues bridging the gap between theory and practice. Among the topics addressed are software specification and verification, programming paradigms, program semantics, advanced type systems, program analysis, program transformation, and implementation techniques.

This book developed from an IFIP workshop which brought together methods and architecture researchers in Human Computer Interaction and Software Engineering. To an extent this introduction is a little unfair to the authors, as we have distilled the results of the workshop to give the reader a perspective of the problems within integrated approaches to usability engineering. The papers could not hope to address all ofthe issues; however, we hope that a framework will help the reader gainfurther insights into current research andfuture practice. The initial motivation was to bring together researchers and practitioners to exchange their experiences on Graphical User Interface (Gill) design problems. The two groups represented methodological and architecture/tools interests, so the workshop focused on intersection of how methods can support user interface development and vice versa, how tools, architectures and reusable components can empower the design process. There is, we believe, a constructive tension between these two communities. Methodologists tend to approach the design problem with task/domain/organisational analysis while the tool builders suggest design empowerment/envisioning as a means ofimproving the way users work rather than relying on analysis ofcurrent systems. This debate revolves around the questions of whether users' current work is optimal, or whether designers have the insight to empower users by creating effective solutions to their problems. Tool builders typically want to build something, then get the users to try it, while the methodologists want to specify something, validate it and then build it.

The areas of active and real-time databases have seen a tremendous growth of interest in the past few years, particularly with regard to their support of time-critical and embedded applications. ARTDB-95 provided, therefore, an important forum for researchers from both communities to discuss research results, and also to chart new directions for the future. As well as the 11 submitted papers presented at the workshop, this volume also contains 4 invited papers on the following topics: the impact of active databases on commercial practice; the optimization of active database transactions; the need for better language, compiler and tool support for real-time databases; and the origin of time constraints associated with data, events and actions. Together the papers give a comprehensive overview of current research, and will provide invaluable reading for academic and industrial researchers and students at both undergraduate and postgraduate level.

This book presents 12 revised refereed papers selected as the best from 32 submissions for the First International Workshop on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS '95, held in Aarhus, Denmark, in May 1995.
The workshop brought together 46 researchers interested in the development and application of tools and algorithms for specification, verification, analysis, and construction of distributed systems. The papers included in the book are devoted to refinement-based and compositional verification, construction techniques, analysis and verification via theorem proving, process algebras, temporal and modal logics, techniques for real-time, hybrid and probabilistic systems, and value-passing systems.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Static Analysis Symposium, SAS '96, held in Aachen, Germany, in September 1996 in conjunction with ALP and PLILP.
The volume presents 22 highly-quality revised full papers selected from a total of 79 submissions; also included are three system descriptions and invited contributions by Alex Aiken (abstract only), Flemming Nielson, and Bernhard Steffen. Among the topics addressed are program analysis, incremental analysis, abstract interpretation, partial evaluation, logic programming, functional programming, and constraint programming.

Practical Usage of ISPF Dialog Manager is a concise and comprehensive source of information for the development of applications using IBM's Dialog Management package. Dialog Manager is a vehicle for implementing dialogue applications (such as PDF - Program Development Facility) and is very well suited to the implementation of individual dialogue systems and those systems which are required to run from the TSO/ISPF environment. It is also ideally suited for prototyping.
This book is intended for both beginners and experts. With its carefully chosen blend of theory and practice, and extensive use of examples and case studies, this book will provide an invaluable guide to all those needing to learn about or using the ISPF Dialog Manager.

This book is the final outcome of the Eurographics Workshop on Design, Specification and Verification of Interactive Systems, that was held in Bonas, from June 7 to 9, 1995. This workshop was the second of its kind, following the successful first edition in Italy in 1994. The goal of this ongoing series of meetings is to review the state of the art in the domain of tools, notations and methodologies supporting the design of Interactive Systems. This acknowledges the fact that making systems that are friendlier to the user makes the task ever harder to the designers of such systems, and that much research is still needed to provide the appropriate conceptual and practical tools. The workshop was located in the Chateau de Bonas, in the distant countryside of Toulouse, France. Tms location has been selected to preserve the quiet and studious atmosphere that was established in the monastery of Santa Croce at Bocca di Magra for the first edition, and that was much enjoyed by the participants. The conversations initiated during the sessions often lasted till late at night, in the peaceful atmosphere of the Gers landscape.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Static Analysis, SAS '95, held in Glasgow, UK, in September 1995. Static Analysis is increasingly recognized as a foundation for high-performance implementations and verification systems of high-level programming languages.
22 full revised papers selected from a total of 55 submissions are presented; they address static analysis issues for different programming paradigms; in particular concurrent, constraint, functional, imperative, logic, and object-oriented programming are addressed. In addition there are abstracts or full papers for three invited presentations and two system descriptions.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Memory Management, IWMM '95, held in Kinross, Scotland, in September 1995. It contains 17 full revised papers on all current aspects of memory management; among the topics addressed are garbage collection for parallel, real-time, and distributed memory systems, memory management of distributed and of persistent objects, programming language aspects, hardware-assisted garbage collection, and open-network garbage collection.
In addition, the book presents the invited paper "Dynamic Storage Allocation: A Survey and Review" by a team of four authors from the University of Texas at Austin, which surveys the literature on allocators between 1961 and 1995.

This book presents two major research results on the fast implementation of graph rewriting systems (GRS). First, it explores the class of so-called UBS-GRS, where the complexity of a rewriting step is linear instead of NP, showing for example that visual programming is possible by UBS graph rewriting. Second, an abstract machine for graph rewriting is defined providing an instruction set sufficient for the execution of GRS.
The basic definitions of GRS in the algorithmic approach are introduced and extended by attribution and control structures to comprise a formalism for an operational specification. The translation of a functional programming language to graph rewriting shows the capabilities of UBS-GRS.

This book presents the proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on large Spatial Databases, SSD '95, held in Portland, Maine, USA in August 1995.
The 23 refereed full papers presented were selected from more than 60 submissions and describe the state-of-the-art in the expanding field of large spatial databases, with a certain emphasis on an upcoming new generation of spatial database management systems. The volume is organized in sections on spatial data models, spatial data mining, spatial query processing, multiple representations, open GIS, geo-algorithms, reasoning about spatial relations, spatial joins, and benchmarks.

This volume documents the concepts, experiences, results, and conclusions of the ESPRIT project NEUTRABAS (Neutral Product Definition Database for Large Multifunctional Systems). It deals with the development of a database for large multifunctional systems, in particular for ships and their multitudinous, complex subsystems. NEUTRABAS was the first European project aiming at an international standard based on ISO standard 10303 (STEP) methodology to define a comprehensive information model for ships and similar products of complex functionality, which will serve for the exchange and long term storage of product information. NEUTRABAS contributed to the first generation of shipbuilding product models and gained first experiences in implementing databases exploiting the new technology of the STEP standard.

Concurrent design, or co-design of hardware and software is extremely important for meeting design goals, such as high performance, that are the key to commercial competitiveness. Hardware/Software Co-Design covers many aspects of the subject, including methods and examples for designing: (1) general purpose and embedded computing systems based on instruction set processors; (2) telecommunication systems using general purpose digital signal processors as well as application specific instruction set processors; (3) embedded control systems and applications to automotive electronics. The book also surveys the areas of emulation and prototyping systems with field programmable gate array technologies, hardware/software synthesis and verification, and industrial design trends. Most contributions emphasize the design methodology, the requirements and state of the art of computer aided co-design tools, together with current design examples.

This volume constitutes the proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV '95, held in Li ge, Belgium in July 1995.
The book contains the 31 refereed full research papers selected for presentation at CAV '95 as well as abstracts or full papers of the three invited presentations. Originally oriented towards finite-state concurrent systems, CAV now covers all styles of verification approaches and a variety of application areas. The papers included range from theoretical issues to concrete applications with a certain emphasis on verification tools and the algorithms and techniques needed for their implementations. Beyond finite-state systems, real-time systems and hybrid systems are an important part of the conference.

This book is the proceedings of the Workshop on the Performance Engineering of Computer and Telecommunications Systems. The workshop Was held at Liverpool John Moores University, England on the 5th and 6th September 1995. The workshop follows a series organised by the British Computer Society (BCS) Special Interest Group on Performance Engineering. The workshop addressed most techniques and experieI1ces in the Engineering of Computer and Telecommunications Systems that provide a guaranteed quality of service. Techniques such as measurements, simulation, and analytical models and their applications to ATM networks, Multimedia Systems, Distributed Systems, Access and Wide Area Networks were presented. In addition a number of papers dealt with advances in the development of analytical models, simulation architectures and the application of formal methods, stich as Process Algebra, to the specification and building of performance biased computer systems. The book is suitable for systems designers, engineers, researchers and postgraduate students interested in the design and implementation of Computer Systems, Networks and Telecommunications. Many people assisted in the arrangements and success of this workshop. I would like to thank them all and in particular the reviewers. I would also like to particularly thank our industrial sponsors GPT Public Networks Group, Liverpool and BICC Cables, Chester, England for their generous financial and material support.

This book, based on extensive experience teaching VHDL to undergraduate students at the University of Portsmouth, UK, and to engineers in industry through short courses run by Mentor Graphics Corporation, USA, enables students and engineers to master VHDL. Introduction to VHDL covers all aspects of the VHDL language, including the latest information on the VHDL standard as of April 1995 and the fundamentals of design constructs and modelling.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Deductive and Object-Oriented Databases, DOOD '95, held in Singapore in December 1995.
Besides two keynote papers by Stefano Ceri and Michael Kifer, the book contains revised full versions of 28 papers selected from a total of 88 submissions. The volume gives a highly competent state-of-the-art report on DOOD research and advanced applications. The papers are organized in sections on active databases, query processing, semantic query optimization, transaction management, authorization, implementation, and applications.

This volume constitutes the proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, CAiSE '95, held in Jyvaskyla, Finland in June 1995.
The 26 full papers presented in this volume were selected from more than 100 submissions; in addition there are three invited papers. Among the contributing authors are academics as well as information system practitioners from industry and administration. The volume is organized in sections on behaviour modelling, requirements engineering, 00 concepts and applications, work and communication modelling, meta modelling, user interface issues, CASE integration, reuse, conceptual modelling issues, and software development issues."

One of the most significant developments in computing over the last ten years has been the growth of interest in computer based support for people working together. Recognition that much work done in offices is essentially group work has led to the emergence of a distinct subfield of computer science under the title Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). Since the term was first coined in 1984, there has been growing awareness of the relevance to the field of, and the valuable con tributions to be made by, non-computing disciplines such as sociology, management science, social psychology and anthro pology. This volume addresses design issues in CSCW, an- since this topic crucially involves human as well as technical considerations - brings together researchers from such a broad range of disciplines. Most of the chapters in this volume were originally presented as papers at the one-day seminar, "Design Issues in CSCW," held at the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), London, on 17 March 1992, one in aseries of DTI-supported CSCW SIG seminars. We would like to express our gratitude to the series editors, Colston Sanger and Dan Diaper, for their useful comments on, and suggestions for revisions to, the final draft of the manuscript; to Linda Schofield, our editor at Springer, for her continued encouragement throughout the preparation of the manuscript; and, finally, to our respective families for their support and patience over so many months."

Computing, despite the relative brevity of its history, has already evolved into a subject in which a fairly large number of subdisciplines can be identified. Moreover, there has been a noticeable tendency for the different branches of the subject each to develop its own intellectual culture, tradition and momentum. This is not, of course, to suggest that any individ ual subdiscipline has become a watertight compartment or that developments in one branch of the subject have tended to take place in total isolation from developments in other related areas. Nevertheless, it does mean that a deliberate effort is required in order to bring different subdisciplines together in a fruitful and beneficial manner. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Computer Supported Coopera tive Work (CSCW) jointly constitute a good example of two branches of computing that have emerged separately and given rise to largely distinct research communities and initiatives. On the one hand, the history of AI can be traced back to the 1950s, the term II Artificial Intelligence" being generally attributed to John McCarthy, who first used it in print in 1956. "Computer Supported Cooperative Work," on the other hand, is a term of more recent coinage, having'been devised by Irene Greif and Paul Cashman in 1984."

This book presents the proceedings of the First European Dependable Computing Conference (EDCC-1), held in Berlin, Germany, in October 1994. EDCC is the merger of two former European events on dependable computing.
The volume comprises 34 refereed full papers selected from 106 submissions. The contributions address all current aspects of dependable computing and reflect the state of the art in dependable systems research and advanced applications; among the topics covered are hardware and software reliability, safety-critical and secure systems, fault-tolerance and detection, verification and validation, formal methods, hardware and software testing, and parallel and distributed systems.

This volume presents the proceedings of the First International Static Analysis Symposium (SAS '94), held in Namur, Belgium in September 1994.
The proceedings comprise 25 full refereed papers selected from 70 submissions as well as four invited contributions by Charles Consel, Saumya K. Debray, Thomas W. Getzinger, and Nicolas Halbwachs. The papers address static analysis aspects for various programming paradigms and cover the following topics: generic algorithms for fixpoint computations; program optimization, transformation and verification; strictness-related analyses; type-based analyses and type inference; dependency analyses and abstract domain construction.

Conventional object-oriented data models are closed: although they allow users to define application-specific classes, they usually come with a fixed set of modelling primitives. This constitutes a major problem, as different application domains, e.g. database integration or multimedia, need special support.
Using an extended metaclass concept, this book provides for the solution of this problem a simple but extendible open object-oriented data model, a so-called RISC model. By introducing the basic concepts of the open object-oriented database management system VODAK, it demonstrates how the extended metaclass concept can be integrated homogeneously into object-oriented data models.

Logical Approach to Systems Theory (LAST) provides the foundations for the second order treatment of system models and an effective framework for applying basic concepts in systems theory to the design of information systems.
The main characteristics of LAST are:
1. type-free representation of system models; 2. distinction of system models from their structures; 3. hierarchical structure expansion, which describes inheritance of structures.
The basic concept of LAST mainly focuses on a system model structure, morphism for similarity and universality of realization. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the basic concepts and additional discussion of such important issues as hierarchy and system properties.

This volume contains thoroughly refereed and revised full papers selected from the presentations at the first workshop held under the auspices of the ESPRIT Basic Research Action 6453 Types for Proofs and Programs in Nijmegen, The Netherlands, in May 1993.
As the whole ESPRIT BRA 6453, this volume is devoted to the theoretical foundations, design and applications of systems for theory development. Such systems help in designing mathematical axiomatisation, performing computer-aided logical reasoning, and managing databases of mathematical facts; they are also known as proof assistants or proof checkers.