Over the past two hundred years German education policy and practice has attracted interest in England. Policy makers have used the 'German example' both to encourage change and development and to warn against certain courses of action. This monograph provides the first major analysis of the rich material from government reports (including work by Matthew Arnold), the press, travel accounts, memoirs, scholarly publications and the archives to uncover the nature of the English fascination with education in Germany, from 1800 to the end of the twentieth century. David Phillips traces this story and uses recent work in theories of educational policy 'borrowing' to analyze the reception of the German experience and its impact on the development of English education policy.

The volume brings together an outstanding group of international scholars from the field of peace/co-existence education and education for social cohesion to build understanding of the impact of sustained educational efforts towards peace, co-existence and reconciliation in countries emerging from protracted conflict. It explores the impact of innovative long term methods of pursuing peace and reconciliation such as the creation of integrated schools and/or policy whose central aim is the celebration of diversity and rejection of prejudice in countries where prolonged interracial or interethnic conflict has scarred society.

This book, intended for mathematics education professionals and teachers of mathematics, is outstanding in that its contributions come from a broad range of countries and cultures; they are representative of different theoretical perspectives and classroom experiences. All contributors are concerned with helping teachers explore ways to develop children's mathematical understanding appropriate for the new millennium. The authors present complex ideas about mathematical understanding and provide readers with powerful classroom examples. Recommendations for changing the curriculum for young children are also suggested. The book comprehensively documents four years of development in the field. Among the emergent developments described is the importance of context to mathematical development - it is not only the physical context, but also the social context of the classroom and school that stimulate conceptual growth. The book also locates current theoretical perspectives in a broad framework. Finally the book is organized around four interconnected themes all related directly to teaching and learning mathematics.

The importance of integrating the teaching and learning of language and culture has been widely recognised and emphasized. However, how to teach English as an International Language (EIL) and cultures in an integrative way in non-native English speaking countries remains problematic and has largely failed to enable language learners to meet local and global communication demands. Developing students' intercultural competence is one of the key missions of teaching cultures. This book examines a range of well-established models and paradigms from both English-speaking and non-English speaking countries. Exploring questions of why, what, and how to best teach cultures, the authors propose an integrated model to suit non-native English contexts in the Asia Pacific. The chapters deal with other critical issues such as the relationship between language and power, the importance of power relations in communication, the relationship between teaching cultures and national interests, and balancing tradition and change in the era of globalisation. The book will be valuable to academics and students of foreign language education, particularly those teaching English as an international language in non-native English countries.

How would you assemble a machine that can be creative, what would its cogs be? Starting from how humans do creative problem solving, the author has developed a framework to explore whether a diverse set of creative problem-solving tasks can be solved computationally using a unified set of principles. In this book she describes the implementation of related prototype AI systems, and the computational and empirical experiments conducted. The book will be of interest to researchers, graduate students, and laypeople engaged with ideas in artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and creativity.

Mathematics is a subject held in high esteem around the world, yet the teaching and learning of mathematics is rarely viewed as good enough and many find the subject difficult to comprehend, or engage with. In Manufacturing the Mathematical Child, Anna Llewellyn asks some difficult questions in order to determine why this is the case and to question who it is that we allow to succeed at mathematics, particularly within the context of neoliberalism, where education is a product of the market. By looking at the various sites of production, Llewellyn examines the ways that key discursive spaces produce very different expectations of what it means to do mathematics and demonstrates that these place various homogenised expectations upon children. Arguing that these are not natural, but instead a reproduction of discursive norms, the book demonstrates why some people fit these standardized ways of being and others do not. Using England as a case study and referring to other international contexts, Llewellyn argues that there is a functionality found within certain educational policy discourses, and a romantic attachment to the natural child found within educational research, neither of which can match what happens in the messy classroom. As a result, it becomes evident that exclusion from mathematics is inevitable for many children. Original and exciting, this book will be of great interest to academics, researchers and postgraduate students within the fields of mathematics education, childhood studies, policy studies, and Foucauldian or post-structural analysis.

The ultimate resource for developing a diverse history curriculum in secondary schools. Exclusively based on historical sources from The National Archives, this book is an indispensable tool for history departments to diversify their Key Stage 3 curriculum and uncover important stories from British history that are often missing from textbooks. With 60 exciting lesson plans - each reflecting the Key Stage 3 history National Curriculum - as well as downloadable sources, activities and photocopiable resources, this is a must-have book for every humanities department in every secondary school. Allowing for an enquiry-led approach for teaching history, this is a flexible resource that will save teachers hours of searching for authentic sources online and ensure that students develop a diverse knowledge of British history. In addition to John Blanke, Euan Lucie-Smith, Princess Sophia Duleep Singh and the arrival of the Empire Windrush, students will learn about key figures and events in British history that don't always come up in history lessons. From Shapurji Saklatvala, one of the first people of Indian heritage to become an MP in Britain, to the British Black Power movement in the 1970s, Diverse Histories allows teachers to offer comprehensive and inclusive history lessons that both prepare students for their assessments and enrich their learning. Full-colour images of the sources are available to download at www.bloomsbury.pub/nat-arch-diverse-histories.

This book synthesizes theoretical perspectives, empirical evidence and practical strategies for improving teacher education in chemistry. Many chemistry lessons involve mindless "cookbook" activities where students and teachers follow recipes, memorise formulae and recall facts without understanding how and why knowledge in chemistry works. Capitalising on traditionally disparate areas of research, the book investigates how to make chemistry education more meaningful for both students and teachers. It provides an example of how theory and practice in chemistry education can be bridged. It reflects on the nature of knowledge in chemistry by referring to theoretical perspectives from philosophy of chemistry. It draws on empirical evidence from research on teacher education, and illustrates concrete strategies and resources that can be used by teacher educators. The book describes the design and implementation of an innovative teacher education project to show the impact of an intervention on pre-service teachers. The book shows how, by making use of visual representations and analogies, the project makes some fairly abstract and complex ideas accessible to pre-service teachers.

Margaret S. Barrett and Sandra L. Stauffer We live in a "congenial moment for stories" (Pinnegar & Daynes, 2007, p. 30), a time in which narrative has taken up a place in the "landscape" of inquiry in the social sciences. This renewed interest in storying and stories as both process and product (as eld text and research text) of inquiry may be attributed to various methodological and conceptual "turns," including the linguistic and cultural, that have taken place in the humanities and social sciences over the past decades. The purpose of this book is to explore the "narrative turn" in music education, to - amine the uses of narrative inquiry for music education, and to cultivate ground for narrative inquiry to seed and ourish alongside other methodological approaches in music education. In a discipline whose early research strength was founded on an alignment with thesocialsciences, particularlythepsychometrictradition, oneofthekeychallenges for those embarking on narrative inquiry in music education is to ensure that its use is more than that of a "musical ornament," an elaboration on the established themes of psychometric inquiry, those of measurement and certainty. We suggest that narrative inquiry is more than a "turn" (as noun), "a melodic embellishment that is played around a given note" (Encarta World English Dictionary, 2007, n. p. ); it is more than elaborationon a position, the adding of extra notes to make a melody more beautiful or interesting.

Security Education and Critical Infrastructures presents the most recent developments in research and practice on teaching information security, and covers topics including:

-Curriculum design;
-Laboratory systems and exercises;
-Security education program assessment;
-Distance learning and web-based teaching of security;
-Teaching computer forensics;
-Laboratory-based system defense games;
-Security education tools;
-Education in security policies, management and system certification;
-Case studies.

The language of science has many words and phrases whose meaning either changes in differing contexts or alters to reflect developments in a given discipline. This book presents the authors' theories on using 'conceptual profiles' to make the teaching of context-dependent meanings more effective. Developed over two decades, their theory begins with a recognition of the coexistence in the students' discourse of those alternative meanings, even in the case of scientific concepts such as molecule, where the dissonance between the classical and modern views of the same phenomenon is an accepted norm. What began as an alternative model of conceptual change has evolved to incorporate a sociocultural approach, by drawing on ideas such as situated cognition and Vygotsky's influential concept of culturally located learning. Also informed by pragmatist philosophy, the approach has grown into a well-rounded theory of teaching and learning scientific concepts. The authors have taken the opportunity in this book to develop their ideas further, anticipate and respond to criticisms-that of relativism, for example-and explain how their theory can be applied to analyze the teaching of core concepts in science such as heat and temperature, life and biological adaptation. They also report on the implementation of a research program that correlates the responsiveness of their methodology to all the main developments in the field of science education. This additional material will inform academic discussion, review, and further enhancement of their theory and research model.

This book poses questions on how to work ethically in research on science education. Applying research ethics reflectively and responsibly is fundamental for conducting research with people. It seeks to renew the conversation on how and why to engage with ethics in science education research and to adjust and refine research practices. It highlights both the need for methodological reflections in science education research and the particular ethical research challenges of science education. Science education research involves the study of people - often young and vulnerable people - and their practices. Researchers working within humanities and social science research commonly follow guidelines and codes of conducts set by country-specific ethics committees. Such guidelines function as minimal requirement for ethical reflection. This book seeks to engage the community of science education researchers in a conversation on ethics in science education moving beyond the mere compliance with governmental regulations toward a collective reflection. It asks the question of whether the existing guidelines provided for researchers are keeping up with contemporary realities of the visual presence of individuals in digital spaces. It also asks questions on how participatory research methodologies alters the relations between researchers and practitioners. This book is organized into two parts: Part one is entitled Challenging existing norms and practices. It asks questions such as: What are the conditions of knowledge that shape ethical decision making? Where is this kind of knowledge coming from? How is this knowledge structured, and where are the limitations? How can we justify our beliefs concerning our ethical research actions? Part two Epistemological considerations for ethical science education research centres norms and practices of conducting science education research in regard to methods, validity and scope.

Now in its second edition, Teaching Primary English is a bestselling, comprehensive, evidence-informed guide designed to support and inspire teaching and learning in the primary school. Written in a clear and accessible way, it draws on the very latest research and theory to describe and exemplify a full and rich English curriculum. It offers those on teacher training courses, as well as qualified teachers who are looking to develop their practice, invaluable subject knowledge and guidance for effective, enjoyable classroom practice. Throughout there is an emphasis on equity and inclusion. Advice and ideas are supported by explicit examples of good teaching linked to video clips filmed in real schools, reflective activities, observational tasks and online resources. Each chapter includes suggestions for great children’s literature, considers assessment throughout and offers support in planning for inclusion and special educational needs. New and expanded areas for this edition include: Multimodal texts Increased coverage of Early Years Dialogic learning and oracy Comprehensive companion website with revised and additional resources A new section on digital literacies Reading for pleasure Teaching grammar in context Critical literacy With a focus on connecting all modes of English, the global and the local, and home and school experience, this detailed, uplifting book, includes inspiring case studies throughout and will support you in developing a curious, critical approach to teaching and learning English. Additional content can be found on the fantastic supporting website. Features include: Video clips from within the classroom to demonstrate English teaching techniques Audio resources, including an interactive quiz, to check understanding and provide real-life examples and case studies Downloadable resources to support teaching and incorporate into lesson plans.

This book takes a fresh look at the problem of unconstrained handwriting recognition and introduces the reader to new techniques for the recognition of written words and characters using statistical and soft computing approaches. The types of uncertainties and variations present in handwriting data are discussed in detail. The book presents several algorithms that use modified hidden Markov models and Markov random field models to simulate the handwriting data statistically and structurally in a single framework. The book explores methods that use fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets for handwriting recognition. The effectiveness of these techniques is demonstrated through extensive experimental results and real handwritten characters and words.

The purpose of this research is to identify the categories of South Korean elementary teachers' knowledge for teaching mathematics. Emerging from the data collected and the subsequent analysis are five categories of South Korean elementary teachers' knowledge for teaching mathematics: Mathematics Curriculum Knowledge, Mathematics Learner Knowledge, Fundamental Mathematics Conceptual Knowledge, Mathematics Pedagogical Content Knowledge, and Mathematics Pedagogical Procedural Knowledge. The first three categories of knowledge play a significant role in mathematics instruction as an integrated form within Mathematics Pedagogical Content Knowledge. This study also demonstrated that Mathematics Pedagogical Procedural Knowledge might play a pivotal role in constructing Mathematics Pedagogical Content Knowledge. These findings are connected to results from relevant studies in terms of the significant role of teachers' knowledge in mathematics instruction.

This book is a guide to current research and debate in the field of literacies practice and education. It provides both an historical and lifespan view of the field as well as an overview of research methodologies with first-hand examples from a range of researchers involved in literacy research.

The present book shares critical perspectives on the conceptualization, implementation, discourses, policies, and alternative practices of environmental education (EE) for diverse and unique groups of learners in a variety of international educational settings. Each contribution offers insights on the authors' own processes of re-imagining an education in/about/for the environment that are realized through their teaching, research and other ways of "doing" EE. Overall, environmental education has been aimed at giving people a wider appreciation of the diversity of cultural and environmental systems around them as well as the urge to overcome existing problems. In this context, universities, schools, and community-based organizations struggle to promote sustainable environmental education practices geared toward the development of ecologically literate citizens in light of surmountable challenges of hyperconsumerism, environmental depletion and socioeconomic inequality. The extent that individuals within educational systems are expected to effectively respond to-as well as benefit from-a "greener" and more just world becomes paramount with the vision and analysis of different successes and challenges embodied by EE efforts worldwide. This book fosters conversations amongst researchers, teacher educators, schoolteachers, and community leaders in order to promote new international collaborations around current and potential forms of environmental education. This book reflects many successful international projects and perspectives on the theory and praxis of environmental education. An eclectic mix of international scholars challenge environmental educators to engage issues of reconciliation of correspondences and difference across regions. In their own ways, authors stimulate critical conversations that seem pivotal for necessary re-imaginings of research and pedagogy across the grain of cultural and ecological realities, systematic barriers and reconceptualizations of environmental education. The book is most encouraging in that it works to expand the creative commons for progress in teaching, researching and doing environmental education in desperate times. - Paul Hart, Professor of Science and Environmental Education at the University of Regina (Canada), Melanson Award for outstanding contributions to environmental and outdoor education (Saskatchewan Outdoor and Environmental Education Association) and North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE)'s Jeske Award for Leadership and Service to the Field of EE and Outstanding Contributions to Research in EE. In an attempt to overcome simplistic and fragmented views of doing Environmental Education in both formal and informal settings, the collected authors from several countries/continents present a wealth of cultural, social, political, artistic, pedagogical, and ethical perspectives that enrich our vision on the theoretical and practical foundations of the field. A remarkable book that I suggest all environmental educators, teacher educators, policy and curricular writers read and present to their students in order to foster dialogue around innovative ways of experiencing an education about/in/for the environment. - Rute Monteiro, Professor of Science Education, Universidade do Algarve/ University of Algarve (Portugal).

Primary Maths for Scotland Textbook 2B is the second of 3 second level textbooks. These engaging and pedagogically rigorous books are the first maths textbooks for Scotland completely aligned to the benchmarks and written specifically to support Scottish children in mastering mathematics at their own pace. Primary Maths for Scotland Textbook 2B is the second of 3 second level textbooks. The books are clear and simple with a focus on developing conceptual understanding alongside procedural fluency. They cover the entire second level mathematics Curriculum for Excellence in an easy-to-use set of textbooks which can fit in with teacher's existing planning, resources and scheme of work. - Packed with problem-solving, investigations and challenging problems - Diagnostic check lists at the start of each unit ensure that pupils possess the required pre-requisite knowledge to engage on the unit of work - Worked examples and non-examples help pupils fully understand mathematical concepts - Includes intelligent practice that reinforces pupils' procedural fluency

In recent years geometry seems to have lost large parts of its former central position in mathematics teaching in most countries. However, new trends have begun to counteract this tendency. There is an increasing awareness that geometry plays a key role in mathematics and learning mathematics. Although geometry has been eclipsed in the mathematics curriculum, research in geometry has blossomed as new ideas have arisen from inside mathematics and other disciplines, including computer science. Due to reassessment of the role of geometry, mathematics educators and mathematicians face new challenges. In the present ICMI study, the whole spectrum of teaching and learning of geometry is analysed. Experts from all over the world took part in this study, which was conducted on the basis of recent international research, case studies, and reports on actual school practice. This book will be of particular interest to mathematics educators and mathematicians who are involved in the teaching of geometry at all educational levels, as well as to researchers in mathematics education.

Encompassing feminism, masculinities and queer theory, and drawing on film, literature, language, creative writing and digital technologies, these essays, from scholars experienced in teaching gender theory in university English programmes, offer inventive and student-focused strategies for teaching gender in the twenty-first century classroom.

Teaching Poetry Writing: A Five Canon Approach is a comprehensive alternative to the full-class workshop approach to poetry writing instruction. In the five canon approach, peer critique of student poems takes place in online environments, freeing up class time for writing exercises and lessons based on the five canons of classical rhetoric: invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery.

Science is a subject matter that requires learners to explore the world and develop their own abilities on the basis of that exploration. As technology broadens and deepens, science teachers need to expand their Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), which determines how well they use technology to help students learn science. The book details our efforts to prepare science teachers to teach with the help of technology, examining various aspects of teacher education, professional development and teaching material preparation. It consists of three parts, which focus on: how TPACK is conceptually constructed within the field of science education, how teacher evaluation and teaching materials are developed and utilized based on the transformative model and how science teachers are prepared and supported with electronic resources based on the integrative model. The book offers a valuable resource for all those working in science education, as well as those readers who are interested in teacher education. Science teachers will come to know how simulations and animations can pedagogically support student learning. Practices for teachers' TPACK development such as learning-by-design, evaluation and measurement and teacher communities are also addressed, applied and discussed in the case of science teachers. The individual chapters will provide teacher educators and researchers from all disciplines with new insights into preparing teachers for the Digital Era.

Tasks and standards play a major role within recent attempts to improve quality in education, like, for example, PISA (Program for International Student Assessment). Within this book, first, the relationship between instructional psychology, educational standards, and task-related learning research is outlined. Then a theoretical model of task attributes, which are relevant for learning, is depicted. Based on certain task attributes (e.g., task complexity and sequencing), two experimental studies are conducted in order to test task effects on learning and motivation. Results showed that effects of tasks varied in respect to task contexts and personality characteristics of the learner. Within an exploration study, using LISREL, a theory of emotional processes was tested in order to find emotional standards for reading. Within a section of application, it is shown how task-related research could be used to design self-regulated learning materials and activities, which support teaching. Finally, standards for educational practices (web-based teacher education) are formulated and discussed.