First published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

The importance of learning mathematics is constantly stressed by educationalists and employers alike. Yet survey after survey shows that large numbers of children leave school lacking both competence and interest in mathematics. What is going wrong and what should be done about it?

In "Children and Number" Martin Hughes proposes a new perspective on children's early attempts to understand mathematics. He describes the surprisingly substantial knowledge about number which children acquire naturally before they start school, and contrasts this with the difficulties presented by the formal written symbolism of mathematics in the classroom. He argues that children need to build links between their informal and their formal understanding of number, and shows what happens when these links are not made.

"Children and Number" describes many novel ways in which young children can be helped to learn about number. The author shows that the written symbols children often invent for themselves are more meaningful to them than the symbols that they are taught. He presents simple number games for introducing children to mathematical symbols in ways they can appreciate and understand. Dr. Hughes also describes how the computer language LOGO can be adapted for young children, and shows the dramatic effect that LOGO can have on their mathematical understanding.

One of the ways forward when working with those who have little or no speech, or limited comprehension of language, is to use music. In this book tried and tested approaches and activities devised to promote the development of communication and social interaction at a fundamental level are clearly set out. The ethos behind this manual is a person-centered approach, within a structured framework and allowing for differentiation and improvisation according to the learner's individual needs and developmental levels. This is a practical guide that contains lots of ideas and original activities for the specialist and non-specialist alike. It provides original songs and music scores, activities and games, and suggestions for group work for learners at a variety of levels. This book will be helpful to teachers, carers, therapists and parents who work or live with people with severe or profound and multiple learning difficulties. Music teachers and coordinators working in mainstream early years and primary education will also find the songs and activities useful.

What is Fragile X? The most common inherited cause of learning difficulties, affecting a child's ability to tackle key areas such as literacy and numeracy, and causing behaviour problems and social anxiety. What can teachers do to help children with Fragile X become more effective learners? This definitive text will provide essential support and information for teachers with the expertise of an international field of researchers, whose variety of perspectives contribute to a unique, multi-professional approach. Each chapter of the book suggests practical intervention strategies, based on sound educational principles expressed in clear non-specific terms. A range of important topics are considered, including: * the physical and behavioural characteristics of Fragile X * the effects of Fragile X on learning * medication and therapy * related conditions such as autism and attention deficit disorders. Breaking down the barriers of professional practice, this book establishes the groundwork for successful and valuable multi-professional teamwork. By providing immediate access to a body of empirical knowledge and advice from other disciplines, it will encourage teachers to incorporate this approach into their own practice. Everyone responsible for the education of a child with Fragile X syndrome should read this book.

This practical, interactive resource is designed to be used by professionals who work with children and young people who have Social, Emotional and Mental Health needs and Speech, Language and Communication needs. Gaps in language and emotional skills can have a negative impact on behaviour as well as mental health and self-esteem. The Language for Behaviour and Emotions approach provides a systematic approach to developing these skills so that young people can understand and work through social interaction difficulties. Key features include: A focus on specific skills that are linked to behaviour, such as understanding meaning, verbal reasoning and emotional literacy skills. A framework for assessment, as well as a range of downloadable activities, worksheets and resources for supporting students. Sixty illustrated scenarios that can be used flexibly with a wide range of ages and abilities to promote language skills, emotional skills and self-awareness. This invaluable resource is suitable for use with young people with a range of abilities in one to one, small group or whole class settings. It is particularly applicable to children and young people who are aiming to develop wider language, social and emotional skills including those with Developmental Language Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder.

This highly practical guide shows how learning support teachers and assistants can work effectively with secondary school pupils who are struggling with their reading. It relates directly to the working practices of teachers, steering them through issues such as: assessing the low-age reader working with reading withdrawal groups finding and creating resources for low-age readers constructing spelling strategies to support reading understanding the emotional dimension to being a poor reader how to effectively involve parents. Paul Blum offers valuable advice on how to make challenging mainstream subject textbooks accessible to low-aged readers and help on where to find good free resources as well as commercial materials to suit them. Exploring the vital relationship between the mainstream and learning support function, he also outlines the ways in which the two can be harnessed to make a significant difference to reading improvement.

This work provides the class teacher with a straightforward introduction to dyslexia. The authors highlight methods of identification of dyslexia within the classroom context and provide examples of how dyslexia can be dealt with by the class teacher.

What is stammering? How does it present itself? When does it occur? Why does it happen? What are the most effective strategies you can use to help? Providing background information about stammering as well as a wide range of tools and strategies, this practical book addresses the key challenges faced at nursery and school. There are separate sections on early years, primary and secondary level and include the most common areas that teachers must consider when supporting children who lack speech fluency, including: identifying children at risk of developing a stammer how to manage incidents of stammering how to manage classroom communication and oral participation helping children to make and maintain relationships help children to manage feelings associated with stammering working alongside speech and language therapists. Recent changes to the curriculum means that there is now a greater demand on children's communication skills than ever. This book will help you provide the necessary support to a child who stammers by offering a clear explanation of the presentation of stammering and the best ways you manage the occurrence of stammering in a range of school contexts. Full of tips and advice this book will enable teachers and other professionals to work effectively with a child who stammers. This accessible book is essential for anyone concerned about a child in their care who presents with a stammer, including teachers, student teachers, SENCOs and parents.

This book compiles cases of teaching and learning that were written by practitioners from a variety of backgrounds in education-elementary school, middle school, high school, and adult instruction-in public, charter, and private institutions, face-to-face and online. Cases of Teaching and Learning Across and Beyond K-12 Settings is intended primarily for use in education courses that have students from different specializations, but it also can be an important resource for instructors and students in any education courses who want to develop a broad focus on learning (for example, thinking about middle school students as former elementary and future high school, college, and adult learners). A historical and developmental approach to learning is a founding principle of this book: all cases are written as stories of never-ending multi-faceted development, making them distinct from video cases that are gaining popularity. These cases capture memorable experiences related to teaching and learning that problematized existing practices and thus presented ample opportunities for critical thinking and creative performances. Each case in Cases of Teaching and Learning Across and Beyond K-12 Settings is paired with analysis written by its author that relied on the theories and research summarized in the first part of the book. The selection of the theories was based on their presence in current research literature, mainly serving as foundations for empirical research, and relevance to various standards for teacher education and leadership. The analyses embedded these theories and allowed for their in-depth understanding and exploration. They can serve as springboards for various written and oral assignments, collaborative and individual.

Written by a teacher with many years of experience with pupils with PMLD, this book offers a well-tried approach to delivering the curriculum, with particular emphasis on the core subjects. It aims to complement and supplement existing material and provides a useful resource for busy teachers.

First Published in 1986. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

A clearly explained guide to helping pupils cope with their dyslexia, this book dispels common myths and includes: * Comprehensive coverage of dyslexia -what it is and what causes it * Action plans to help pupils overcome their difficulties with reading, writing, spelling and maths * Advice on how pupils with dyslexia can boost their memory, concentration and motivation * Checklists for identifying pupils' dyslexia

Underachievement is approached from a broad, integrated perspective in this insightful look at the talented adolescent who always performs below his or her optimum level of achievement. Professor Griffin examines the psychological, social, and scholastic reasons behind the phenomenon of the distracted and disengaged high school student. The result of this in-depth study: A unique volume describing effective student learning behavior, providing curricular and instructional proposals for motivating underachievers, and offering a construct that provides the basis for understanding the various factors that account for academic achievement.

This concise text helps the reader to understand why dyslexics find maths difficult and offers practical ideas for supporting them most effectively. It explains which areas of maths dyslexics tend to have particular difficulty with, assesses current teaching philosophies and methods, describes a framework of general learning principles that allow dyslexics to make progress in maths, and outlines a number of specific and effective teaching recommendations. The book helps teachers at primary and secondary levels to better understand the maths performance of dyslexics and gives them an overview of the ways in which dyslexics can best be supported in all aspects of maths learning.

Drawing on their considerable experiences of the syndrome, as well as current research findings, the authors help teachers and other education professionals to better understand the needs of a dyspraxic child. Through practical strategies, they show how teachers can make all the difference to a child's ability to succeed in the classroom, and case studies show how parents, teachers and therapists can work together to facilitate learning. Whilst providing a unique insight and approach to the complex condition of dyspraxia, this lively, informative text also examines specific cases and scenarios, considering the perspectives of teachers and parents. It handles a range of crucial topics such as: * issues surrounding diagnosis * the developmental differences and characteristics of dyspraxia * conventional and alternative intervention strategies * an exploration of the pressure of families * ways of improving home/school liaison. Teachers, SENCOs and other educational professionals will find this book provides a wealth of essential information and guidance, whilst parents will also find much to support them in the daily care and welfare of their child.

Completely revised and updated in light of the new 2014 SEND Code of Practice, this second edition of Supporting Children with Dyslexia provides valuable advice and resources for teachers, TAs and SENCOs supporting pupils on the dyslexic spectrum. This practical resource will help those who are looking for expert guidance and strategies, as well as providing a professional development tool which will encourage outstanding practice at all levels. Spanning pre-school, primary and secondary teaching, this book covers the key areas to be considered when supporting pupils with dyslexia, including: how to identify a young person with dyslexia practical strategies for pre-school, primary and secondary settings useful advice to give to parents and carers of children and young people with dyslexia useful materials for continual professional development. Featuring helpful checklists, templates and photocopiable resources, this book provides guidance and practical strategies for identifying and supporting young people with dyslexia that will be of use to teachers, TAs, SENCOs and other educational professionals.

This practical handbook offers advice on strategies for meeting the special educational needs of children with Down's syndrome in mainstream schools. The aim is to increase the confidence of support assistants, teachers, SENCOs and senior managers in both primary and secondary schools in providing a quality education for these pupils, while using scarce resources to best effect. The author offers an introduction to the particular characteristics of children with Down's syndrome and their impact on learning and behaviour. She considers the benefits of inclusive education and the most effective ways in which the National Curriculum can be made accessible. She also examines working with the whole-school, parents and outside agencies, as well as providing practical resources such as photocopiable proformas and checklists, materials for INSET in schools and support services and a list of reading materials.

Word Aware 3 is a comprehensive, practical and engaging resource that focuses on teaching vocabulary and word learning skills to children aged 6 to 11 years who have vocabulary learning needs. For many children, particularly those with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) or those whose home language isn't English (ELL or EAL learners), the vocabulary of the classroom can be a barrier to learning. This book outlines how to best support these children who require extra help, offering concrete, easy-to-implement activities and resources for use in small groups, to maximise the impact on learning and open up access to the curriculum. Word Aware 3: Takes a highly practical, evidence-based and curriculum-focused approach to vocabulary learning that supports a broad range of learners Includes photocopiable and downloadable planning, intervention and evaluation resources Provides staff training resources and an overview video presented by the authors This book can be used as an adjunct to Word Aware 1, or as an intervention on its own. Although it is most suited to children aged 6 to 11 years, it may be adapted for older students with significant learning needs. It is an essential resource for teaching assistants and learning support assistants and will also save time for special educational needs co-ordinators (SENCOs) and speech and language therapists (SaLTs) who are keen to establish effective vocabulary interventions.

Taking a developmental approach, this accessible text addresses the ever increasing interest in identifying the characteristics of dyslexia in young children and reflects on the best way to reach and support these learners. Drawing upon current research, the author considers our current understanding of dyslexia and calls upon best practice to advise professionals, students and family members alike who seek to fulfil the potential of young children with, or showing the signs of, dyslexia. This book considers key topics explored in current best practice and dyslexia research, including: the importance of the role of speaking, hearing and understanding language dyslexia in relation to other languages and orthographies dyslexia and overlapping characteristics, particularly dyspraxia the role of play identifying and assessing dyslexia in the early years. Adopting a dyslexia-friendly position, Barbara Pavey acknowledges the ethics associated with a social model of disability, so that the focus is upon modifying teaching and learning, and respecting the views of children and parents throughout. This book includes assessment and practice strategies, good practice points, helpful ideas, first-hand narratives of dyslexia, pointers for further reading, resources and online tools, and will be of enormous practical use to anyone supporting a young child with potential or diagnosed dyslexia.

This highly practical book focuses on the teaching and learning of students with dyslexia in the context of the mainstream secondary curriculum, and provides practical guidance for school managers and subject teachers by highlighting the barriers to learning experienced by dyslexic learners in today's curriculum. Full of advice for removing - or minimising - these barriers, this book is packed full of strategies for supporting learning and raising the attainment of students with dyslexia. Teachers of students aged 11 - 19 will find valuable information on: * how dyslexia affects dyslexic learners' access to and progress in the subject curriculum * how secondary teachers can identify possible barriers to learning in their subject delivery * the development and provision of appropriate support strategies for meeting the needs of dyslexic students * good practice in the identification and assessment of dyslexia that may be masked by high ability or divergent behaviour. The use of case studies helpfully highlights the impact of dyslexia on students as they transfer to secondary school. They illustrate how and why this condition may be mistaken for behavioural - or other - difficulties, consider whole-school issues and relate throughout the book to a practical framework of proven support strategies.

For students who struggle with learning to read, time is of the essence. Dyslexia Defused: Reading Struggles and Reading Solutions offers an effective and efficient instructional plan to expedite mastery. Supplementing the strongest elements of research-based programs, the original strategies readily apply to all levels of reading instruction (developmental, corrective, remedial, and adult literacy). The novel and concise techniques address all task components: phonics, decoding, sight vocabulary, oral reading, fluency, contextual analysis, and comprehension. Furthermore, contributing factors that delay reading mastery and are most often overlooked in current reading programs are identified and treated. Finally, this book underscores the social and emotional impact of reading failure on the child and those who support him or her.

Fully revised coverage with the most current diagnoses and treatments for adolescents and adults living with learning and attention disorders

Reflecting the most recent and relevant findings regarding Learning Disabilities (LD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), this Second Edition of Learning and Attention Disorders in Adolescence and Adulthood provides practitioners in the fields of education and mental health with a set of practical guidelines to assist in the assessment, diagnosis, consultation, and treatment of adolescents and adults struggling with LD and ADHD. The new edition includes:

An emphasis on working from strengths--adapting to disabilities and dealing with them successfully on a daily basis

New coverage of the causes and long-term implications of LD and ADHD in adolescents and adulthood

New chapters on treatment effectiveness; building resiliency and shaping mindsets; cognitive therapy; and strategic life coaching to help guide individuals with LD and ADHD

Contributions from leading researchers, including Noel Gregg, Russell Barkley, Kevin Antshel, and Nancy Mather

Drawing on evidence-based techniques to meet the pragmatic demands for intervention, the Second Edition guides school psychologists, counselors, and educators in promoting positive change for adolescents and adults with LD and ADHD as they strive for success in school, work, and home settings.

It is hard to conceive of a classroom activity that does not involve working memory - our ability to work with information. In fact, it would be impossible for students to learn without working memory. From following instructions to reading a sentence, from sounding out an unfamiliar word to calculating a math problem, nearly everything a student does in the classroom requires working with information. Even when a student is asked to do something simple, like take out their science book and open it to page 289, they have to use their working memory. Most children have a working memory that is strong enough to quickly find the book and open to the correct page, but some don't - approximately 10% in any classroom. A student who loses focus and often daydreams may fall in this 10%. A student who isn't living up to their potential may fall in this 10%. A student who may seem unmotivated may fall in this 10%. In the past, many of these students would have languished at the bottom of the class, because their problems seemed insurmountable and a standard remedy like extra tuition didn't solve them. But emerging evidence shows that many of these children can improve their performance by focusing on their working memory. Working memory is a foundational skill in the classroom and when properly supported it can often turn around a struggling student's prospects. This book will make sure you are able to spot problems early, work with children to improve their working memory and ensure they reach their full potential. How does the book work? Each of the following chapters includes a description of the learning difficulty (WHAT), followed by an inside look into the brain of a student with the disorder (WHERE), their unique working memory profile (WHY), and classroom strategies to support working memory (HOW). There are two types of strategies: general working memory strategies that can be applied to all students in your class, and specific working memory strategies for each learning difficulty. The final chapter (Chapter 9) provides the student with tools to empower them along their learning journey. The aim in supporting students with learning difficulties is not just to help them survive in the classroom, but to thrive as well. The strategies in the book can provide scaffolding and support that will unlock their working memory potential to boost learning. They are designed to be easily integrated within the classroom setting as a dimension of an inclusive curriculum and used in developing an individualized education program (IEP) for the student. The strategies recommended here can also complement existing programs that support a core deficit, such as a social skills program for a student with autistic spectrum disorder, or behavior modification for those with ADHD. Each chapter also includes: Try It box: Provides the reader with an opportunity to have a hands-on understanding of the material Science Flash box: Gives the reader a snapshot of current and interesting research related to each chapter Current Debate box: Discusses a controversial issue pertaining to the disorder Tracy Packiam Alloway is an award-winning psychologist based at the University of North Florida Ross Alloway is the CEO of Memosyne Ltd, a company that brings cutting-edge scientific research to parents.

This book is part of the Phoneme Factory Project undertaken by Granada Learning in partnership with the Speech and Language Therapy Research Unit (SLTRU) in Bristol. It aims to provide guidance for teachers, SENCos, SLTs and parents regarding: criteria for referral to speech and language therapy phonological disorders appropriate intervention approaches that can be used in the classroom and at home. Complementing the book are downloadable resources including a picture library for the classroom and the home, as well as checklists and other time-saving documents.

Based on expert observations of children who experience difficulties with maths this book gives a comprehensive overview of dyscalculia, providing a wealth of information and useful guidance for any practitioner. With a wide range of appropriate and proven intervention strategies it guides readers through the cognitive processes that underpin success in mathematics and gives fascinating insights into why individual students struggle with maths. Readers are taken step-by-step through each aspect of the maths curriculum and each section includes: Examples which illustrate why particular maths difficulties occur Practical 'action plans' which help teachers optimise children's progress in mathematics This fully revised second edition will bring the new research findings into the practical realm of the classroom. Reflecting current knowledge, Glynis Hannell gives increased emphasis to the importance of training 'number sense' before teaching formalities, the role of concentration difficulties and the importance of teaching children to use strategic thinking. Recognising that mathematical learning has a neurological basis will continue to underpin the text, as this has significant practical implications for the teacher.