The 1991 International Conference on Information Processing in Medical Imaging (IPMI '91) is the twelfth in the series and was held in Wye College, part of the University of London. The purpose of IPMI is to provide a forum for the detailed examination of methodological issues in computing which are at the heart of advances in medical image formation, manipulation and interpretation. This volume presents the proceedings of IPMI '91. Full-length scientific papers describing the latest techniques and results are organized into the following nine sections: - Image formation and reconstruction - Incorporation of priors in tomographic reconstruction - Multi-modal registration - Segmentation: specific applications - Segmentation: multi-scale, surfaces and topology - Anatomical models and variability - Factor analysis - Rule based systems and learning - Image quality, display and interaction. The volume also includes a set of color plates and a subject index. The book provides an up-to-date account of current work in the expanding and fast-moving area of image processing and medical imaging, and gives an overview of work at all the key centers researching in this area. It will prove an invaluable asset to all researchers working in the area and to the libraries of organizations involved in imaging research.

Computed tomography of the heart and cardiovascular system continues to show an impressive and tremendously successful development. Technical improvements translate into new applications and enhanced diagnostic accuracy and the new diagnostic opportunities may potentially be beneficial for many individuals with known or suspected cardiovascular disease. In order to assure that the potential of cardiovascular CT will optimally be used for patient care, a continued, strong joint effort concerning education and training, further research, and advocacy will be necessary. The combined knowledge, experience, and input of all clinicians and researchers in the field will best serve that purpose. Cardiovascular Computed Tomography is the first textbook to cover the heart, cardiovascular and peripheral vascular systems and will provide the reader with the necessary background information to perform cardiac CT on symptomatic patients and asymptomatic individuals for the accurate assessment of underlying disease.

This book describes methods and procedures for preparing PET radiopharmaceuticals, and highlights new methods for conducting radiochemical reactions with carbon-11 (C11) and fluorine-18 (F18), which are two of the most commonly used radionuclides in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Provides reliable methods for radiochemical syntheses and reactions, including all essential information to duplicate the procedure Eliminates the time-consuming process of searching journal articles and extracting pertinent details from lengthy experimental sections or supporting information Focuses on an emerging and important area for pharmaceutical and medical applications Encompasses technical, regulatory, and application aspects Includes solid-phase radiochemistry, transition-metal catalyzed radiochemistry, microfluidics, click chemistry, green radiochemistry and new strategies for radiopharmaceutical quality control

This up-to-date treatment of recent developments in geometric inverse problems introduces graduate students and researchers to an exciting area of research. With an emphasis on the two-dimensional case, topics covered include geodesic X-ray transforms, boundary rigidity, tensor tomography, attenuated X-ray transforms and the Calderon problem. The presentation is self-contained and begins with the Radon transform and radial sound speeds as motivating examples. The required geometric background is developed in detail in the context of simple manifolds with boundary. An in-depth analysis of various geodesic X-ray transforms is carried out together with related uniqueness, stability, reconstruction and range characterization results. Highlights include a proof of boundary rigidity for simple surfaces as well as scattering rigidity for connections. The concluding chapter discusses current open problems and related topics. The numerous exercises and examples make this book an excellent self-study resource or text for a one-semester course or seminar.

Since its clinical introduction almost 20 years ago, cardiac CT has been embraced as an indispensable noninvasive cardiac imaging modality and an important first-line test for coronary artery disease. Beyond coronary artery disease, the potential of cardiac CT has become evident for diagnosis and guidance of treatment in a variety of other cardiac pathologies, including valvular disease, atrial fibrillation and other arrhythmias, endocarditis, cardiac masses, cardiomyopathies, and others. The European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) has declared as one of their foremost priorities to facilitate education and training in cardiovascular CT through teaching courses, congresses, and a structured certification program. This handbook represents an important step towards dissemination of skills and knowledge in cardiovascular CT. It is a concise and practical companion, to benefit students, trainees or advanced users; cardiologists, radiologists, cardiac surgeons or technicians, in their everyday practice. Four broad sections cover technical aspects and physical background, coronary indications (e.g. coronary CT angiography, atherosclerosis imaging, stents & bypasses, functional CT imaging, etc.), non-coronary indications (CT for valve disease, infective endocarditis, CT of the left atrium, congenital heart disease, cardiac masses, extracardiac findings, etc.), and finally training and competence in cardiac CT. The handbook features short chapters, enriched with illustrations, tables and condensed summaries, facilitating rapid and intuitive access.

Industrial computed tomography for advanced industrial non-destructive evaluation is a complex technological area, encompassing nuclear radiation detectors, mechanical engineering, computational mathematics and radiation physics. Additionally, the cost of applying this technology may be prohibitive. This guidebook provides an introduction to gamma computed tomography for non-destructive evaluation imaging in the simplest configuration. It is intended to be of use to the non-destructive testing community, currently practicing conventional radiography techniques. It provides clear information on the relevant practical issues and problems related to setting up computed tomography for industrial non-destructive testing and establishes a basis for understanding the intricacies of the technology

The "PET and PET/CT Study Guide" presents a comprehensive review of nuclear medicine principles and concepts necessary for passing PET specialty board examinations. The practice questions and content are similar to those found on the Nuclear Medicine Technology Certification Board (NMTCB) exam, allowing test takers to maximize their chances of success. The book is organized by test sections of increasing difficulty, with over 650 multiple-choice questions covering all areas of positron emission tomography, including radiation safety; radionuclides; instrumentation and quality control; patient care; and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Detailed answers and explanations to the practice questions follow. Supplementary appendices include common formulas, numbers, and abbreviations, along with a glossary of terms for easy access by readers. The "PET and PET/CT" "Study Guide" is a valuable reference for nuclear medicine technologists, nuclear medicine physicians, and all other imaging professionals in need of a concise review of the basics of PET and PET/CT imaging.

Nowadays we are facing numerous and important imaging problems: nondestructive testing of materials, monitoring of industrial processes, enhancement of oil production by efficient reservoir characterization, emerging developments in noninvasive imaging techniques for medical purposes - computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), X-ray and ultrasound tomography, etc. In the CIME Summer School on Imaging (Martina Franca, Italy 2002), leading experts in mathematical techniques and applications presented broad and useful introductions for non-experts and practitioners alike to many aspects of this exciting field. The volume contains part of the above lectures completed and updated by additional contributions on other related topics.

Medical imaging of cardiovascular disease has improved rapidly with faster multislice CT angiography. The ability to visualise 3D reconstructed vascular structures has given clinicians a much better appreciation of the anatomy and the disease process. This book provides an overview of the diagnostic applications of CT virtual intravascular endoscopy (VIE) in cardiovascular disease. It is intended to fill the gap by providing a systematic overview of the diagnostic applications of VIE in cardiovascular disease. This book serves as a comprehensive piece of literature that encompasses all aspects from the technical principles of VIE image generation to diagnostic value and potential pitfalls of VIE in cardiovascular imaging. The primary motion to write this book is to provide an overview of the CT VIE in cardiovascular disease with a focus on the clinical applications and diagnostic value of this unique visualisation tool. It is expected that readers, especially clinicians will gain a good understanding of the diagnostic value of CT VIE in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, so that their medical practice is enhanced with use of this exciting complementary visualisation tool.

Clinical CT: Techniques and Practice aims to give radiographers working in CT on a regular basis an extended knowledge of CT protocols and how they should be adapted to optimise image quality. It uses relevant clinical examples to demonstrate the advantages of the suggested techniques, which may not yet be in use in all hospitals. It covers all but the most rare of pathologies and will therefore also serve as a useful single reference for the busy radiographer.

Recent years have seen a marked increase in cardiovascular computed tomography (CT) imaging, with the technique now integrated into many imaging guidelines, such as those published by ESC and NICE. Rapid clinical and technological progress has created a need for guidance on the practical aspects of CT image acquisition, analysis and interpretation. The Oxford Specialist Handbook of Cardiovascular CT, now revised for the second edition by practising international experts with many years of hands-on experience, is designed to fulfil this need. The Handbook is a practical guide on performing, analysing and interpreting cardiovascular CT scans, covering all aspects from patient safety to optimal image acquisition to differential diagnoses of tricky images. It takes an international approach to both accreditation and certification, highlighting British, European, and American examinations and courses. The format is designed to be accessible and is laid out in easy to navigate sections. It is meant as a quick-reference guide, to live near the CT scanner, workstation, or on the office shelf. The Handbook is aimed at all cardiovascular CT users (Cardiologists, Radiologists and Radiographers), particularly those new to cardiovascular CT, although even the advanced user should find useful tips and tricks within.

Plant remains can preserve a critical part of history of life on Earth. While telling the fascinating evolutionary story of plants and vegetation across the last 500 million years, this book also crucially offers non-specialists a practical guide to studying, dealing with and interpreting plant fossils. It shows how various techniques can be used to reveal the secrets of plant fossils and how to identify common types, such as compressions and impressions. Incorporating the concepts of evolutionary floras, this second edition includes revised data on all main plant groups, the latest approaches to naming plant fossils using fossil-taxa and techniques such as tomography. With extensive illustrations of plant fossils and living plants, the book encourages readers to think of fossils as once-living organisms. It is written for students on introductory or intermediate courses in palaeobotany, palaeontology, plant evolutionary biology and plant science, and for amateurs interested in studying plant fossils.

By showing us the human brain at work, PET (positron emission tomography) scans are subtly--and sometimes not so subtly--transforming how we think about our minds. "Picturing Personhood" follows this remarkable and expensive technology from the laboratory into the world and back. It examines how PET scans are created and how they are being called on to answer myriad questions with far-reaching implications: Is depression an observable brain disease? Are criminals insane? Do men and women think differently? Is rationality a function of the brain?

Based on interviews, media analysis, and participant observation at research labs and conferences, Joseph Dumit analyzes how assumptions designed into and read out of the experimental process reinforce specific notions about human nature. Such assumptions can enter the process at any turn, from selecting subjects and mathematical models to deciding which images to publish and how to color them. Once they leave the laboratory, PET scans shape social debates, influence courtroom outcomes, and have positive and negative consequences for people suffering mental illness. Dumit follows this complex story, demonstrating how brain scans, as scientific objects, contribute to our increasing social dependence on scientific authority.

The first book to examine the cultural ramifications of brain-imaging technology, "Picturing Personhood" is an unprecedented study that will influence both cultural studies and the growing field of science and technology studies.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides tissue morphology imagery at much higher resolution than other imaging modalities such as MRI or ultrasound, and the machines are comparatively cheaper. It is an easy technique to perform; is non-ionizing, and therefore safe. These benefits are driving a rapid transformation of OCT, from its principal application as a research tool, into an extension of the 'neurological examination' in routine office practice. Originally used in assessing the severity of tissue damage and prognosis of multiple sclerosis and various neuro-ophthalmic conditions, OCT is increasingly used in other neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, ALS, and Alzheimer's disease. This book is the first comprehensive review of the use of OCT in neurological diseases. The coverage includes a description of the technique and its utilization in a variety of neurologic conditions. Essential reading for neurologists, neuro-ophthalmologists, and neuroradiologists wanting an introductory account of the clinical applications of OCT.

Full multiplanar coverage of the spine, extremities, and joints! Renowned for its superb illustrations and highly practical information, the third volume of this classic reference reflects the very latest in state-of-the-art imaging technology. Together with Volumes 1 and 2, this compact and portable book provides a highly specialized navigational tool for clinicians seeking to master the ability to recognize anatomical structures and accurately interpret CT and MR images. Highlights of Volume 3: New CT and MR images of the highest quality Didactic organization using two-page units, with radiographs on one page and full-color illustrations on the next Concise, easy-to-read labeling on all figures Color-coded, schematic diagrams that indicate the level of each section Sectional enlargements for detailed classification of the anatomical structure Comprehensive, compact, and portable, this popular book is ideal for use in both the classroom and clinical setting.

The principle of tomography is to explore the structure and composition of objects non-destructively along spatial and temporal dimensions, using penetrating radiation, such as X- and gamma-rays, or waves, such as electromagnetic and acoustic waves. Based on computer-assisted image reconstruction, tomography provides maps of parameters that characterize the emission of the employed radiation or waves, or their interaction with the examined objects, for one or several cross-sections. Thus, it gives access to the inner structure of inert objects and living organisms in their full complexity. In this book, multidisciplinary specialists explain the foundations and principles of tomographic imaging and describe a broad range of applications. The content is organized in five parts, which are dedicated to image reconstruction, microtomography, industrial tomography, morphological medical tomography and functional medical tomography.

This book offers a comprehensive review of large and small airways disorders. It begins with four introductory chapters devoted to airway physiology, anatomy, and anatomical and functional CT imaging methods. These chapters are followed by coverage of large airways disorders in adults, including airway stenoses, neoplasms, malacia and bronchiectasis. The next section examines small airways disorders in adults, including asthma, infectious and non-infectious small airways disorders, obliterative bronchiolitis, and smoking-related airway diseases. The final two chapters detail pediatric large and small airway disorders.

This book provides new research on computed tomography. Chapter One presents strategies for computer-aided designing of surgical guides for dental implant procedures based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Chapter Two gives an in depth analysis of using CBCT in anatomic variations of the mandibular canal and the mental foramen. Chapter Three discusses the use of CBCT for an accurate analysis of the nasopalatine canal. Chapter Four reviews the use of CBCT to assess morphometric characteristics of the greater palatine canal. Chapter Five reviews and discusses the application of state-of-art content based image retrieval schemes in pathological risk analysis of lung computed tomography images.

An essential guide to designing, conducting, and analyzing event-related potential (ERP) experiments, completely updated for this edition. The event-related potential (ERP) technique, in which neural responses to specific events are extracted from the EEG, provides a powerful noninvasive tool for exploring the human brain. This volume describes practical methods for ERP research along with the underlying theoretical rationale. It offers researchers and students an essential guide to designing, conducting, and analyzing ERP experiments. This second edition has been completely updated, with additional material, new chapters, and more accessible explanations. Freely available supplementary material, including several online-only chapters, offer expanded or advanced treatment of selected topics. The first half of the book presents essential background information, describing the origins of ERPs, the nature of ERP components, and the design of ERP experiments. The second half of the book offers a detailed treatment of the main steps involved in conducting ERP experiments, covering such topics as recording the EEG, filtering the EEG and ERP waveforms, and quantifying amplitudes and latencies. Throughout, the emphasis is on rigorous experimental design and relatively simple analyses. New material in the second edition includes entire chapters devoted to components, artifacts, measuring amplitudes and latencies, and statistical analysis; updated coverage of recording technologies; concrete examples of experimental design; and many more figures. Online chapters cover such topics as overlap, localization, writing and reviewing ERP papers, and setting up and running an ERP lab.

Computed tomography (CT) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) are useful tools for the accurate assessment of medical, dental and orthodontic patients. Traditionally, the diagnosis and treatment planning of these patients have used two-dimensional radiographs. The clinical value of CT and CBCT lies in their ability to provide comprehensive information about anatomical relationships for improved diagnosis, treatment planning and a prediction of treatment outcomes. This book includes new research from authors across the globe, with a focus on aiding researchers and practising professionals on the use of CT and CBCT.

Recent developments in the ultra-short laser technology and physics, especially at the attosecond time scale, open up new research frontiers for attoscience. This book examines the theoretical model for attophysics. The interaction of the attosecond laser pulses with slices of matter-attosecond tomography enables the description of the motion of electrons in atoms, molecules and 1D medium-graphene. The standard theory of the laser pulse-matter interaction is based on the parabolic Schrodinger equation, which leads to unphysical, infinite velocity of the thermal energy propagation. In this book, the Schrodinger equation is generalised to hyperbolic partial differential equation with finite velocity.

Electron microscope tomography (EMT) has emerged as the leading technique for three-dimensional (3D) structural analysis of unique complex biological specimens. This book reviews the different computational stages involved in EMT, from image acquisition to interpretation of the 3D reconstruction. The high performance computing (HPC) techniques normally used to cope with the computational demands are also described. Moreover, combining the holographic methods with the methods for digital image processing has made it possible to develop the digital holographic interference microscope (DHIM) for real-time 3D imaging of phase microscopic objects and measurement of their morphological parameters. In this book, the classical and holographic methods of phase microobject visualisation are considered. In addition, 3D imaging has become commonplace in the medical field, with its routine use in the better established institutions for pre-natal observations, diagnosis of ailments, work-up prior to surgery, recovery monitoring and many other medical procedures. This book discusses the research methodology required in the reconstruction of 3D volume and employing computer-aided diagnosis to identify various diseases. Details of the different stages of processing, along with the promising results achieved are presented. Also discussed are some considerations for future trends of 3D imaging in the medical field. Other chapters cover detailed derivations of reconstruction algorithms in 2D and modern 3D cone-beam CT (CBCT), evaluate geometric parameters of bone in 3D using CT scans or a new low-radiating device (EOS), and CT based 3D- display providing accurate preoperative visualisation and computerised risk analyses for safety margins of pancreatic- and biliary- tract tumours, as well as for the assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA).

This book presents a critical assessment of progress on the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine the structure of proteins, including brief reviews of the history of the field along with coverage of current clinical and in vivo applications. The book, in honour of Oleg Jardetsky, one of the pioneers of the field, is edited by two of the most highly respected investigators using NMR, and features contributions by most of the leading workers in the field. It will be valued as a landmark publication that presents the state-of-the-art perspectives regarding one of today's most important technologies.