Imaging of tissue blood flow (BF) distributions provides vital information for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of various vascular diseases. The innovative near-infrared speckle contrast diffuse correlation tomography (scDCT) technique produces full 3D BF distributions. Many advanced features are provided over competing technologies including high sampling density, fast data acquisition, noninvasiveness, noncontact, affordability, portability, and translatability across varied subject sizes. The basic principle, instrumentation, and data analysis algorithms are presented in detail. The extensive applications are summarized such as imaging of cerebral BF (CBF) in mice, rat, and piglet animals with skull penetration into deep brain. Clinical human testing results are described by recovery of BF distributions on preterm infants (CBF) through incubator wall, and on sensitive burn tissues and mastectomy skin flaps without direct device-tissue interactions. Supporting activities outlined include integrated capability for acquiring surface curvature information, rapid 2D blood flow mapping, and optimizations via tissue-like phantoms and computer simulations. These applications and activities both highlight and guide the reader as to the expected abilities and limitations of scDCT for adapting into their own preclinical/clinical research, use in constrained environments (i.e., neonatal intensive care unit bedside), and use on vulnerable subjects and measurement sites.

This book acts as a primer for radiographers upon performing computed tomography (CT) examinations. The focus resides in radiation physics, radiobiology, anatomy, imaging protocols and image evaluation. It seeks to provide readers insight into the practical and innovative approaches within CT, backed up with key literature and examples in practice. Recent innovations and the importance of new technology to acquire enhanced quality remain a focal point. These are essential in understanding the importance of dose optimization, patient anatomy and common pathology observed. Patient care will remain central in this book, supported with a dedicated chapter discussing effective communication, patient education, informed consent, coupled with the assessment of laboratory results and vital signs. The editors draw from recent publications and clinical expertise, supported with the growing trend of technological advances utilized within the CT environment. Critically, this volume focuses on the role of CT for an array of audiences but, more specifically, undergraduate and postgraduate radiographers worldwide.

This is a practical guide to tomographic image reconstruction with projection data, with strong focus on Computed Tomography (CT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Classic methods such as FBP, ART, SIRT, MLEM and OSEM are presented with modern and compact notation, with the main goal of guiding the reader from the comprehension of the mathematical background through a fast-route to real practice and computer implementation of the algorithms. Accompanied by example data sets, real ready-to-run Python toolsets and scripts and an overview the latest research in the field, this guide will be invaluable for graduate students and early-career researchers and scientists in medical physics and biomedical engineering who are beginners in the field of image reconstruction. A top-down guide from theory to practical implementation of PET and CT reconstruction methods, without sacrificing the rigor of mathematical background Accompanied by Python source code snippets, suggested exercises, and supplementary ready-to-run examples for readers to download from the CRC Press website Ideal for those willing to move their first steps on the real practice of image reconstruction, with modern scientific programming language and toolsets Daniele Panetta is a researcher at the Institute of Clinical Physiology of the Italian National Research Council (CNR-IFC) in Pisa. He earned his MSc degree in Physics in 2004 and specialisation diploma in Health Physics in 2008, both at the University of Pisa. From 2005 to 2007, he worked at the Department of Physics "E. Fermi" of the University of Pisa in the field of tomographic image reconstruction for small animal imaging micro-CT instrumentation. His current research at CNR-IFC has as its goal the identification of novel PET/CT imaging biomarkers for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In the field micro-CT imaging, his interests cover applications of three-dimensional morphometry of biosamples and scaffolds for regenerative medicine. He acts as reviewer for scientific journals in the field of Medical Imaging: Physics in Medicine and Biology, Medical Physics, Physica Medica, and others. Since 2012, he is adjunct professor in Medical Physics at the University of Pisa. Niccolo Camarlinghi is a researcher at the University of Pisa. He obtained his MSc in Physics in 2007 and his PhD in Applied Physics in 2012. He has been working in the field of Medical Physics since 2008 and his main research fields are medical image analysis and image reconstruction. He is involved in the development of clinical, pre-clinical PET and hadron therapy monitoring scanners. At the time of writing this book he was a lecturer at University of Pisa, teaching courses of life-sciences and medical physics laboratory. He regularly acts as a referee for the following journals: Medical Physics, Physics in Medicine and Biology, Transactions on Medical Imaging, Computers in Biology and Medicine, Physica Medica, EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing, Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics.

This book acts as a primer for radiographers upon performing computed tomography (CT) examinations. The focus resides in radiation physics, radiobiology, anatomy, imaging protocols and image evaluation. It seeks to provide readers insight into the practical and innovative approaches within CT, backed up with key literature and examples in practice. Recent innovations and the importance of new technology to acquire enhanced quality remain a focal point. These are essential in understanding the importance of dose optimization, patient anatomy and common pathology observed. Patient care will remain central in this book, supported with a dedicated chapter discussing effective communication, patient education, informed consent, coupled with the assessment of laboratory results and vital signs. The editors draw from recent publications and clinical expertise, supported with the growing trend of technological advances utilized within the CT environment. Critically, this volume focuses on the role of CT for an array of audiences but, more specifically, undergraduate and postgraduate radiographers worldwide.

Key Features: 1. Covers the entire spectrum of cardiovascular computed tomography, this 3rd edition provides a concise and practical text focused on the essential material. 2. Addresses the needs of radiologists and cardiologists who practice cardiac imaging, both experienced and beginners, providing technical and practical aspects of MDCT for cardiovascular applications, especially from the perspective of clinicians. 3. Contains new material covering recent developments in CT scanner technology and clinical indications.

MicroComputed Tomography has become the gold standard for studying 3D microscopic structures nondestructively, and this book provides up-to-date coverage of the modality. The first part of the book focuses on methodology, covering experimental methods, data analysis, and visualization approaches. Emphasis is on fundamentals so that those new to the field can design their own effective microCT studies. The second part addresses various microCT applications, organized by type of microstructure so that the reader can appreciate approaches from other disciplines. The applications include porous solids, microstructural evolution, soft tissue studies, applications using x-ray phase contrast or x-ray scattering contrast, and multimode studies.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to current state-of-the-art auto-segmentation approaches used in radiation oncology for auto-delineation of organs-of-risk for thoracic radiation treatment planning. Containing the latest, cutting edge technologies and treatments, it explores deep-learning methods, multi-atlas-based methods, and model-based methods that are currently being developed for clinical radiation oncology applications. Each chapter focuses on a specific aspect of algorithm choices and discusses the impact of the different algorithm modules to the algorithm performance as well as the implementation issues for clinical use (including data curation challenges and auto-contour evaluations). This book is an ideal guide for radiation oncology centers looking to learn more about potential auto-segmentation tools for their clinic in addition to medical physicists commissioning auto-segmentation for clinical use. Features: Up-to-date with the latest technologies in the field Edited by leading authorities in the area, with chapter contributions from subject area specialists All approaches presented in this book are validated using a standard benchmark dataset established by the Thoracic Auto-segmentation Challenge held as an event of the 2017 Annual Meeting of American Association of Physicists in Medicine

This book explores the physics of CT dosimetry and provides practical guidance on best practice for medical researchers and practitioners. A rigorous description of the basic physics of CT dosimetry is presented and illustrates flaws of the current methodology. It also contains helpful (and rigorous) shortcuts to reduce the measurement workload for medical physicists. The mathematical rigor is accompanied by easily-understood physical explanations and numerous illustrative figures. Features: Authored by a recognised expert in the field and award-winning teacher Includes derivations for tube current modulation and variable pitch as well as stationary table techniques Explores abnormalities present in dose-tracking software based on CTDI and presents methods to correct them

Choice Recommended Title, April 2021 Bioimaging: Imaging by Light and Electromagnetics in Medicine and Biology explores new horizons in biomedical imaging and sensing technologies, from the molecular level to the human brain. It explores the most up-to-date information on new medical imaging techniques, such as the detection and imaging of cancer and brain diseases. This book also provides new tools for brain research and cognitive neurosciences based on new imaging techniques. Edited by Professor Shoogo Ueno, who has been leading the field of biomedical imaging for 40 years, it is an ideal reference book for graduate and undergraduate students and researchers in medicine and medical physics who are looking for an authoritative treatise on this expanding discipline of imaging and sensing in medicine and biology. Features: Provides step-by-step explanations of biochemical and physical principles in biomedical imaging Covers state-of-the art equipment and cutting-edge methodologies used in biomedical imaging Serves a broad spectrum of readers due to the interdisciplinary topic and approach Shoogo Ueno, Ph.D, is a professor emeritus of the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. His research interests include biomedical imaging and bioelectromagnetics, particularly in brain mapping and neuroimaging, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). He was the President of the Bioelectromagnetics Society, BEMS (2003-2004) and the Chairman of the Commission K on Electromagnetics in Biology and Medicine of the International Union of Radio Science, URSI (2000-2003). He was named the IEEE Magnetics Society Distinguished Lecturer during 2010 and received the d'Arsonval Medal from the Bioelectromagnetics Society in 2010.

This book explores the physics of CT dosimetry and provides practical guidance on best practice for medical researchers and practitioners. A rigorous description of the basic physics of CT dosimetry is presented and illustrates flaws of the current methodology. It also contains helpful (and rigorous) shortcuts to reduce the measurement workload for medical physicists. The mathematical rigor is accompanied by easily-understood physical explanations and numerous illustrative figures. Features: Authored by a recognised expert in the field and award-winning teacher Includes derivations for tube current modulation and variable pitch as well as stationary table techniques Explores abnormalities present in dose-tracking software based on CTDI and presents methods to correct them

Key Features: 1. Covers the entire spectrum of cardiovascular computed tomography, this 3rd edition provides a concise and practical text focused on the essential material. 2. Addresses the needs of radiologists and cardiologists who practice cardiac imaging, both experienced and beginners, providing technical and practical aspects of MDCT for cardiovascular applications, especially from the perspective of clinicians. 3. Contains new material covering recent developments in CT scanner technology and clinical indications.

CT at a Glance gets readers quickly up to speed with the core knowledge and competencies required for computed tomography (CT) scanning, as established by the major radiography organizations around the world, including the ASRT and the CAMRT. This brand new title describes the basic science behind CT with an emphasis on the theory that is essential for practice. Featuring an abundance of illustrations, succinct, straightforward explanations and clear, step-by-step guidance, it includes the fundamental physics, technical principles, and imaging strategies and procedures involved in CT scanning. Over the course of twenty four, concise modular chapters, CT at a Glance covers all the bases for entry-to-practice students, including: The basic physics underlying CT scanning State-of-the-art multi-slice technologies Data acquisition strategies Equipment components--their functions and applications Image reconstruction and image quality control CT dose and dose optimization procedures Quality control fundamentals CT at a Glance is an indispensable learning resource for students in medical imaging technology courses, including those covering radiography, nuclear medicine, and radiation therapy, as well as for biomedical engineering technology students.

Over the past decade, the field of image processing has made tremendous advances. One type of image processing that is currently of particular interest is "tomographic imaging," a technique for computing the density function of a body, or discontinuity surfaces of this function. Today, tomography is widely used, and has applications in such fields as medicine, engineering, physics, geophysics, and security. The Radon Transform and Local Tomography clearly explains the theoretical, computational, and practical aspects of applied tomography. It includes sufficient background information to make it essentially self-contained for most readers.

The concept of photoacoustic tomography (PAT) emerged in the mid-1990s, and the field of PAT is now rapidly moving forward. Presenting the research of a well-respected pioneer and leading expert, Photoacoustic Tomography is a first-of-its-kind book covering the underlying principles and practical applications of PAT in a systematic manner. Written in a tutorial format, the text: Addresses the fundamentals of PAT, the theory on photoacoustic effect, image reconstruction methods, and instrumentation Details advanced methods for quantitative PAT, which allow the recovery of tissue optical absorption coefficient and/or acoustic properties Explores the development of several image-enhancing schemes, including both software and hardware approaches Examines array-based PAT systems that are the foundation for the realization of 2-D, 3-D, and 4-D PAT Discusses photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) and combinations of PAT/PAM with other imaging methods Considers contrast-agents-based molecular PAT, with both nontargeted and cell receptor-targeted methods Describes clinical applications and animal studies in breast cancer detection, osteoarthritis diagnosis, seizure localization, intravascular imaging, and image-guided cancer therapy Photoacoustic Tomography is an essential reference for graduate students, researchers, industry professionals, and those who wish to enter this exciting field.

Conventional computed tomography (CT) techniques employ a narrow array of x-ray detectors and a fan-shaped x-ray beam to rotate around the patient to produce images of thin sections of the patient. Large sections of the body are covered by moving the patient into the rotating x-ray detector and x-ray source gantry. Cone beam CT is an alternative technique using a large area detector and cone-shaped x-ray beam to produce 3D images of a thick section of the body with one full angle (360 degree or 180 degree plus detector coverage) rotation. It finds applications in situations where bulky, conventional CT systems would interfere with clinical procedures or cannot be integrated with the primary treatments or imaging systems. Cone Beam Computed Tomography explores the past, present, and future state of medical x-ray imaging while explaining how cone beam CT, with its superior spatial resolution and compact configuration, is used in clinical applications and animal research. The book: Supplies a detailed introduction to cone beam CT, covering basic principles and applications as well as advanced techniques Explores state-of-the-art research and future developments while examining the fundamental limitations of the technology Addresses issues related to implementation and system characteristics, including image quality, artifacts, radiation dose, and perception Reviews the historical development of medical x-ray imaging, from conventional CT techniques to volumetric 3D imaging Discusses the major components of cone beam CT: image acquisition, reconstruction, processing, and display A reference work for scientists, engineers, students, and imaging professionals, Cone Beam Computed Tomography provides a solid understanding of the theory and implementation of this revolutionary technology.

Developments in CT technology during the last 20 years have impressively improved its diagnostic potentialities. Part of a two-volume set that covers all aspects of CT imaging, Multi-Detector CT Imaging: Principles, Head, Neck, and Vascular Systems contains easily searchable clinical specialty chapters that provide specific information without need of an index. The coverage goes far beyond just a "how-to" or an encyclopedia of findings, however. The authors have uniformly put techniques, clinical findings, pathologic disease presentations, and clinical implications of imaging findings in practical perspective. This Volume Features: Discusses technical principles, CT perfusion, contrast media, postprocessing and clinical applications, and radiation dose Covers imaging of the neck and brain, including paranasal sinuses and the ear, brain tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, CNS infection, and head trauma Examines how to use CT data for planning cardiovascular procedures Includes coverage of pathologies of the pericardium and CT venography Presents information on clinical applications in lung disease With the critical role CT plays and the rapid innovations in computer technology, it is no wonder that advances in the capabilities and complexity of CT imaging continue to evolve. While information about these developments may be scattered about in journals and other resources, this two-volume set provides an authoritative, up-to-date, and educational reference that covets the entire spectrum of CT.

Developments in CT technology during the last 20 years have impressively improved its diagnostic potentialities. Part of a two-volume set that covers all aspects of CT imaging, Multi-Detector CT Imaging: Abdomen, Pelvis, and CAD Applications contains easily searchable clinical specialty chapters that provide specific information without need of an index. The coverage goes far beyond just a "how-to" or an encyclopedia of findings, however. The authors have uniformly put techniques, clinical findings, pathologic disease presentations, and clinical implications in practical perspective. It is no wonder that with the critical role CT plays and the rapid innovations in computer technology that advances in the capabilities and complexity of CT imaging continue to evolve. While information about these developments may be scattered about in journals and other resources, this two-volume set provides an authoritative, up-to-date, and educational reference that covets the entire spectrum of CT.

Written by an interdisciplinary team of medical doctors, computer scientists, physicists, engineers, and mathematicians, Correction Techniques in Emission Tomography presents various correction methods used in emission tomography to generate and enhance images. It discusses the techniques from a computer science, mathematics, and physics viewpoint.

The book gives a comprehensive overview of correction techniques at different levels of the data processing workflow. It covers nuclear medicine imaging, hybrid emission tomography (PET-CT, SPECT-CT, PET-MRI, PET-ultrasound), and optical imaging (fluorescence molecular tomography). It illustrates basic principles as well as recent advances, such as model-based iterative algorithms and 4D methods. An important aspect of the book is on new and sophisticated motion correction techniques in PET imaging. These techniques enable high-resolution, high-quality images, leading to better imaging analysis and image-based diagnostics.

Reflecting state-of-the-art research, this volume explores the range of problems that occur in emission tomography. It looks at how the resulting images are affected and presents practical compensation methods to overcome the problems and improve the images.

Computed tomography of the heart and cardiovascular system continues to show an impressive and tremendously successful development. Technical improvements translate into new applications and enhanced diagnostic accuracy and the new diagnostic opportunities may potentially be beneficial for many individuals with known or suspected cardiovascular disease. In order to assure that the potential of cardiovascular CT will optimally be used for patient care, a continued, strong joint effort concerning education and training, further research, and advocacy will be necessary. The combined knowledge, experience, and input of all clinicians and researchers in the field will best serve that purpose. Cardiovascular Computed Tomography is the first textbook to cover the heart, cardiovascular and peripheral vascular systems and will provide the reader with the necessary background information to perform cardiac CT on symptomatic patients and asymptomatic individuals for the accurate assessment of underlying disease.

Cardiovascular medicine has witnessed significant progress over the past century, incorporating the technical advances of each era to improve patient care. The introduction of the stethoscope, electrocardiography, roentgenography, angiography, invasive hemodynamics, ultrasonography, nuclear scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance have each, in turn, allowed progressively greater accuracy and precision in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. The advent of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) using 64 detector rows provides the next leap forward in cardiovascular care by delivering on the promise of high-resolution visualization of cardiovascular structure and function noninvasively. Cardiovascular Multidetector CT Angiography demonstrates the clinical context within which this technology is useful for individual patient assessment, providing the technical information needed to perform cardiovascular CTA and focusing on the spectrum of clinical applications. Written by acknowledged experts in the CTA arena, the book contains an abundance of 64-slice images-the highest technical resolution available-to identify disease states. Topics covered include normal cardiac anatomy, abnormal coronary arteries, coronary anomalies, artifacts, left and right ventricular function and abnormalities, valvular heart disease, pericardium, and the aorta. The book also discusses cardiac masses, cardiac veins, peripheral artery disease, and congenital heart disease. Demonstrating the application of cardiovascular multidetector computed tomography from the perspective of patient care, the book is composed entirely of case studies-an excellent format for teaching those just beginning to work with CTA. The book is designed for cardiologists and radiologists alike, as well as primary care physicians, medical students, and other health care professionals who have the opportunity to use this technology to improve diagnosis and treatment for their patients with cardiovascular disease.

Given that for centuries, the standard tool to understand diseases in tissues was the microscope and that its major limitation was that only excised tissue could be used, recent technology now permits the examination of diseased tissue in vivo. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has promising potential when applied to coronary artery disease. OCT has the capability to identify coronary plaque and to distinguish between plaques that are stable and unstable. If the plaques are stable then OCT can direct percutaneous intervention (angioplasty or stenting). Optical coherence tomography is a light-based imaging technology that allows for very high resolution imaging in biological tissues. It has been first applied in ophthalmology, where it soon became the golden standard for the assessment of (epi-) retinal processes. The unique imaging capabilities have raised the interest of researchers and clinicians in the field of cardiovascular disease, since OCT offers unique possibilities to study atherosclerosis pathophysiology in vivo. With over 1.1M Americans having a heart attack this year because of unstable plaque rupture, OCT may have an increasingly important role in the early diagnosis of coronary artery disease. This unique publication offers the reader the basic background to OCT and its role in the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease. The Handbook of Optical Coherence Tomography in Cardiovascular Research introduces the cardiovascular application of this technology. Clinicians, biologists, engineers and physicist are discussing different aspects of cardiovascular OCT application in a multidisciplinary approach. The handbook offers the readership a concise overview on the current state of the art of vascular OCT imaging and sheds light on a variety of exciting new developments. The physics, technical principles of OCT and its application in a broad spectrum of cardiovascular research areas are summarized by highly recognized specialists. The potential of OCT in peripheral and coronary arteries and in developmental cardiology are described. Each research area is introduced by a clinical expert in the field followed by discussion of different aspects from an engineering, biomedical and clinical perspective. Specifically, the current capabilities for plaque characterization, detection of vulnerable plaque, guidance of interventional procedures, Doppler-assessment, and molecular contrast imaging are being described. The Handbook of Optical Coherence Tomography in Cardiovascular Research targets researchers and clinicians involved in the field of atherosclerosis. The summary of basic physics, engineering solutions, pre-clinical and clinical application covers all relevant aspects and will be a valuable reference source.

From the Watching of Shadows: The Origins of Radiological Tomography presents the first complete history of body imaging by discrete sections, from its earliest beginnings around 1920 to modern times. Divided into two parts, the book is highly illustrated with many original figures from patents and some previously unpublished pictures. The first part covers classical tomography from 1920 to the 1960s, including the origins of radiological tomography. The second part takes a fresh look at computed transmission and emission tomography that includes recent developments by pioneering tomographers. Tables in each chapter summarize key historical landmarks. The book also includes an extensive glossary of technical terms and a comprehensive index. It is ideal reading for diagnostic radiologists and radiographers interested in the origins of their techniques, for practicing medical physicists, and for historians of medicine and science.

Written by an interdisciplinary team of medical doctors, computer scientists, physicists, engineers, and mathematicians, Correction Techniques in Emission Tomography presents various correction methods used in emission tomography to generate and enhance images. It discusses the techniques from a computer science, mathematics, and physics viewpoint. The book gives a comprehensive overview of correction techniques at different levels of the data processing workflow. It covers nuclear medicine imaging, hybrid emission tomography (PET-CT, SPECT-CT, PET-MRI, PET-ultrasound), and optical imaging (fluorescence molecular tomography). It illustrates basic principles as well as recent advances, such as model-based iterative algorithms and 4D methods. An important aspect of the book is on new and sophisticated motion correction techniques in PET imaging. These techniques enable high-resolution, high-quality images, leading to better imaging analysis and image-based diagnostics. Reflecting state-of-the-art research, this volume explores the range of problems that occur in emission tomography. It looks at how the resulting images are affected and presents practical compensation methods to overcome the problems and improve the images.

This book, written by premier authors in the field of OCT intravascular imaging, covers the best practices for using OCT to provide high resolution cross-sectional viewing for atherosclerotic plaque assessment, stent strut coverage and apposition, assessment in stent restenosis evaluation, and PCI guide and optimization. Fully illustrated thorughout in a handy, cath-lab side handbook supplemented by online movie clips, OCT Made Easy includes case studies, angiography, CT correlations, and simple techniques for getting the best image.

Computed tomography of the heart and cardiovascular system continues to show an impressive and tremendously successful development. Technical improvements translate into new applications and enhanced diagnostic accuracy and the new diagnostic opportunities may potentially be beneficial for many individuals with known or suspected cardiovascular disease. In order to assure that the potential of cardiovascular CT will optimally be used for patient care, a continued, strong joint effort concerning education and training, further research, and advocacy will be necessary. The combined knowledge, experience, and input of all clinicians and researchers in the field will best serve that purpose. Cardiovascular Computed Tomography is the first textbook to cover the heart, cardiovascular and peripheral vascular systems and will provide the reader with the necessary background information to perform cardiac CT on symptomatic patients and asymptomatic individuals for the accurate assessment of underlying disease.