This extensively updated textbook introduces the transport system and its societal impacts in a holistic and multidisciplinary way. A timely second edition, it includes new analyses of travel behaviour and the transport system’s impacts on health and well-being. Key Features: Guidance for transport policy evaluation methods and modelling approaches Systematic approach to analysing higher-order impacts of interventions in the transport system Discussion of topical issues in transport policy, including analysis of current transport innovations The use of case studies to highlight interconnected aspects of the transport system and their relevance to decision making Exploration of the role of transport systems in providing accessibility and their impact on the environment, safety, health and well-being International in scope, this textbook will be invaluable for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying disciplines such as transport policy and transport geography. It will also be useful to the professionals and policymakers in the transport industry.

This extensively updated textbook introduces the transport system and its societal impacts in a holistic and multidisciplinary way. A timely second edition, it includes new analyses of travel behaviour and the transport system’s impacts on health and well-being. Key Features: Guidance for transport policy evaluation methods and modelling approaches Systematic approach to analysing higher-order impacts of interventions in the transport system Discussion of topical issues in transport policy, including analysis of current transport innovations The use of case studies to highlight interconnected aspects of the transport system and their relevance to decision making Exploration of the role of transport systems in providing accessibility and their impact on the environment, safety, health and well-being International in scope, this textbook will be invaluable for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying disciplines such as transport policy and transport geography. It will also be useful to the professionals and policymakers in the transport industry.

The long-awaited consolidation of the UK merchant shipping legislation finally arrived with the passing of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 which replaced the thirty or so Acts dating from the Merchant Shipping Act 1894. This new edition of Merchant Shipping Act 1995 - An Annotated Guide provides an authoritative and practical guide to the implications of this important legislation. Written in a clear and accessible style, the authors guide you chronologically through each of the Act's 313 sections. They include expert commentary and analysis to assist your understanding and interpretation of the Act. Merchant Shipping Act 1995 - An Annotated Guide is an essential first-stop reference guide, providing guidance on the appropriate authorities and more detailed texts to which further reference can be made. It is also annotated throughout with comprehensive tables and indexes, making it a truly practical working tool. Thoroughly revised and up-dated, the second edition includes details of: Amendments to the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 The Merchant Shipping and Maritime Security Act 1997 Statutory instruments and regulations introduced to supplement the Merchant Shipping Act The most recent case law Updated references to other texts, which have themselves been updated in the last 4 years

Combined Transport Documents provides a comprehensive guide to combined transport or multi-modal contracts. It examines the main contracts that deal with combined transport logically, from those concerned with the procuring of tonnage through to those that deal with general average and salvage. It also focuses on the complicated chains of indemnity particular to multimember consortium operations and explains in substantial detail a recommended draft bill of lading contract of carriage which the author himself developed. Combined Transport Documents provides a comprehensive guide to combined transport or multi-modal contracts. It examines the main contracts that deal with combined transport logically, from those concerned with the procuring of tonnage through to those that deal with general average and salvage. It also focuses on the complicated chains of indemnity particular to multi-member consortium operations and explains in substantial detail a recommended draft bill of lading contract of carriage which the author himself developed.

"Road Traffic Reports" is a series of full length law reports of all reportable decisions in higher courts on road traffic law. Every report in RTR is prepared by a barrister, and can be relied upon for citation as precedent in all courts. Many of the decisons reported are too specialized to appear in a general series. An average of some 100 full length reports is published in each volume, more than 50% of which have not appeared elsewhere.

Taking a global approach, this insightful Handbook brings together leading researchers to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in railway regulation with a particular focus on countries that rely heavily on railways for transportation links, such as Japan, India and France. Despite numerous liberalisation attempts in recent years, the railway sector is still excessively complex, with regulations varying throughout the world. The Handbook on Railway Regulation gathers, for the first time, these various approaches and practices, using a historical and systematic approach to identify the main lessons for all countries. The Handbook also considers the most pressing issues for those working in and with railway systems, and outlines future trends in the development of global rail. Specific topics covered include the digitalization dilemma in the industry, rail sector reforms and regulation, and competition in the market for rail freight and passenger services. This Handbook provides an invaluable contribution to the discussion of railway regulation worldwide, and will be a crucial compendium for students and scholars of transportation, regulation and competition looking to explore different approaches to the topic. This will also be an invaluable read for railway policymakers and regulators looking to deepen their understanding of contemporary regulations around the world.

This insightful book provides readers with an in-depth discussion of the use of benchmarking in regulation in the European transport sector. It argues that benchmarking is invaluable to regulators, particularly in the transport sector where the pressures of competition in - or for - the market are often absent. Written by a range of expert contributors, chapters offer an analysis of methodology and data requirements, as well as practical examples of the use of benchmarking in the main transport modes (such as road, rail, seaports, airports and local public transport). Utilising illuminating case studies, the book also reviews the importance of benchmarking in the application of European competition law and considers the issue of obtaining appropriate and reliable data to achieve this. Benchmarking and Regulation in Transport will be an essential read for researchers, scholars and students in the fields of economic regulation, governance, transport economics and transport law. It will also be useful for policymakers and regulators who wish to further their understanding of the benefits of benchmarking in an efficiency-enhancing public policy strategy, especially within transport infrastructure.

Addressing the issues surrounding the uniformity of transport law, Olena Bokareva provides an insight into both its theoretical foundations and the convention regimes that govern different modes of transport. Timely and engaging, this book considers a multitude of potential solutions at both international and EU levels. Uniformity of Transport Law through International Regimes concerns transport conventions and other instruments dealing mainly with carriage of goods by sea and multimodal transport as well as examining the Rotterdam Rules as one of the solutions towards uniformity in carriage of goods law. The discussion on international uniformity in transport law is complemented by an examination of regional harmonization in the context of EU law-making and jurisprudence in the field of international transport. The comparison between international and regional regimes reveals the complexities in application and interpretation of the certain transport conventions, which is detrimental to achieving uniformity. Providing a close examination of international and EU rules, other soft law instruments and case law, this comprehensive book will be a key resource for maritime and transport lawyers, law students and policymakers alike.

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Commercial Uses of Space and Space Tourism combines the perspectives of academics, policy makers and major industry players around three central themes: the international legal challenges posed by the dramatic changes to the spacefaring landscape; the corresponding legal and regulatory responses to these challenges at the national level; and topical questions of global space governance. Chapters cover emerging activities in commercial spacefaring, including space tourism and space transportation, and identify the regulatory issues that may arise in the absence of a clear boundary between airspace and outer space. By taking a pragmatic, inductive approach, the book aims to breathe new life into the discussion of the air?space boundary, while informing readers about the many exciting recent developments in commercial spacefaring. This book will appeal to lecturers, academics and students in space law and air law, as well as policy makers and industry practitioners involved in the regulation of orbital and suborbital commercial spaceflight, both manned and unmanned. Contributors include: P. De Man, M. Gold, A. Harrington, C. Hearsey, T. Herman, A. Kerrest, J.-B. Marciacq, J.-F. Mayence, W. Munters, D.P. Murray, K. Nyman-Metcalf, L.J. Smith, A. Soucek, J. Stubbs, S. Wood, J. Wouters

In this clear and observant book, Kenneth Button provides an overview of the economics and political economy of transport security, considering its policy from an economic perspective. His analysis applies micro-economic theory to transport issues, supporting and enhancing the larger framework of our knowledge about personal, industrial, and national security.Button's focus on the economic aspects of transportation security strives to move beyond established technical and legal approaches, working within both the narrower microeconomics of individual and corporate efficiency and the larger trends in economic policy-making. By fitting current security trends into economic analysis, he discusses not only contemporary developments, but also their economic implications and approaches for assessing alternative strategies. This examination of applied economics is a must-read for those looking to gain a broader view of transport security issues. It is a critical resource for those in the security industries as well as those involved in education about transport, security matters, and applied microeconomics. Contents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. The Scale and Nature of the Terrorist Problem 3. Some Basic Economics of Transportation Security 4. Links Between Market Structure and Security 5. The Economic Instruments of Security Policy 6. Security and Air Transportation 7. The Economics of Shopping Mall Security 8. Maritime Security 9. Some Conclusions Index

Increasingly, governments everywhere are backing away from their earlier micromanagement of international aviation, allowing carriers to tap market opportunities wherever they can be found and with far more ease and responsiveness. Accordingly, the industry will inevitably generate new paradigms of competitive market behaviour. This timely book presents the fresh thinking needed on an appropriate legal and policy architecture to govern the industry in the decades ahead. It continues the pursuit of the topic considered in the author's earlier work In Search of Open Skies: the contours of a legal regime that should govern international scheduled air passenger (and relatedly, air cargo) transport. Beyond Open Skies offers a systematic comparative analysis of the legal and policy dimensions of airline deregulation by federal fiat in the United States and by supranational collaboration in the European Union. The book draws upon a variety of sources, including very recent developments in U.S. and EC international aviation law, policy, and diplomacy, to propose a genuine multilateral air transport system. It examines the potential of the 'open skies' initiative, in the aftermath of the new U.S./EC air transport agreement, to inspire a genuine globalization of the world's air transport industry in such crucial aspects as the following: - cabotage; - ownership and citizenship requirements; - route selection; - airline identity; - capacity; - pricing regimes; - competition and public aid; - regulatory harmonization; - labor laws; - provisions for charter and/or cargo transportation; - fair operation of and access to computer reservations systems; - authorization of code-sharing arrangements; - alliances and antitrust immunity; and - dispute resolution. A very special feature of the book is its wealth of hard-to-find but vital scholarship and source material, never before collected so conveniently in one place, furnishing a rich and satisfying context that will enable readers to understand better the forces at work during these momentous realignments among carriers, regulators, and markets. Recognizing that the current global air transport regulatory system is inadequate to the commercial demands of the modern industry, the author shows clearly that the imperatives for its reform transcend domestic debates about incremental public intervention in the business of providing air transport. The book's in-depth analysis of how the law and policy of U.S. and EC airline deregulation can be integrated into the framework for a second-stage U.S./EC air transport agreement builds upon the efforts of government officials, industry stakeholders, and academic commentators who have encouraged a progressive liberalization of air transport. Beyond Open Skies is sure to take its place as the most comprehensive and valuable reference that exists on the complex diplomacy currently defining the future of international aviation.

Winner of the Bancroft Prize Winner of the David J. Langum Prize Winner of the OAH Liberty Legacy Foundation Award A New York Times Book Review Editors' Choice "This extraordinary book is a powerful addition to the history of travel segregation...Mia Bay shows that Black mobility has always been a struggle." -Ibram X. Kendi, author of How to Be an Antiracist "In Mia Bay's superb history of mobility and resistance, the question of literal movement becomes a way to understand the civil rights movement writ large." -Jennifer Szalai, New York Times "Traveling Black is well worth the fare. Indeed, it is certain to become the new standard on this important, and too often forgotten, history." -Henry Louis Gates, Jr., author of Stony the Road From Plessy v. Ferguson to #DrivingWhileBlack, African Americans have fought to move freely around the United States. But why this focus on Black mobility? From stagecoaches and trains to buses, cars, and planes, Traveling Black explores when, how, and why racial restrictions took shape in America and brilliantly portrays what it was like to live with them. Mia Bay rescues forgotten stories of passengers who made it home despite being insulted, stranded, re-routed, or ignored. She shows that Black travelers never stopped challenging these humiliations, documenting a sustained fight for redress that falls outside the traditional boundaries of the civil rights movement. A riveting, character-rich account of the rise and fall of racial segregation, it reveals just how central travel restrictions were to the creation of Jim Crow laws-and why free movement has been at the heart of the quest for racial justice ever since.

In this extraordinarily thorough, blow-by-blow analysis of how european commerical aviation has virtually become a market without state imposed anticompetitive restrictions, one of the world's most eminent aviation law authorities explores the subject with a lucid insight fully informed by historical breadth and a keen appreciation of current pressures. commercial aviation emerges as the crucible par excellence of the converage of prevailing global ideology, economics, and international law. The author's presentation emphasizes the regulatory constructs that currently affect the European at transport market: pricing and traiffs, pooling of revenue, market access (licensing, capacity limits, traffic rights, slor allocation), ground handlings, cargo services, state aid, and the power of the EU to act on the commercial aviation world stage for Member States.

Adding a second volume to the peerless country-by-country guide first published in February 2009, this book brings lessors, financiers, and operators valuable assistance in the management of aircraft during default periods and repossession proceedings in an additional 14 jurisdictions, bringing the total jurisdictions covered to 46. The two-volume set is also of great value as a preventive guide on issues arising in aircraft finance or lease transactions, especially in the drafting of associated contracts. Defaults, workouts, and repossessions of aircraft are still on the rise globally, and the situations that can lead to, or arise after, an event of default remain literally endless. This is the best way to be prepared for virtually any contingency. Local aviation law experts from each jurisdiction provide in-depth responses, country by country, to an extremely detailed questionnaire that includes eighty A real-life A| questions covering such categories as the following: A { self-help procedures; A { court proceedings; A { arbitration and other non-court proceedings; A { money claims; A { bankruptcy; A { non-consensual liens; A { rights and security interests in aircraft; A { deregistration powers of attorney; and A { export permit issues. Fees, time periods, costs of all kinds, remedies, immunities, required documentation, recognition of foreign judgements, interim measures and other court proceedings A- all these and many other crucial considerations are fully explained for each jurisdiction. Loaded with precise, up-to-date information and expert practical guidance, this two-volume set will be of enormous value to aviation lawyers, inhouse counsel of aircraft owners and operators, receivers, export credit agencies, banks, lessors, lenders and investors with an interest in the aviation industry.

This book addresses emerging legal and economic issues in competition and investment in air transport, against the backdrop of the role governments and airlines should play in avoiding protectionism and encouraging innovation and creativity. It evaluates current trends in air transport and the direction the industry is taking in the twenty first century. There are discussions on key aspects of air transport, such as safety assurance and environmental protection, as they are impacted by competition. The rapid evolution of aerospace transport and its effect on competition in air transport is also examined. A recurring theme of the book is the influence of creative destruction and disruptive innovation on air transport. This is addressed through an in-depth study of the contentious areas of law relating to the abuse of dominant positions and state aid, as reflected in the ongoing claim by the three largest US carriers against Gulf carriers such as Emirates Airlines, Etihad and Qatar Airways. The US carriers claim that Emirates and Etihad - which operate air services into the United States by virtue of an open-skies agreement between the US and The United Arab Emirates - are using generous subsidies given to them by their g overnments to illegally capture the "legitimate" market belonging to the US carriers. These issues are clarified in the book using analyses of competition law and investment law as they apply to air transport, free-trade-agreement analogies and an open-skies case study.

The 2008 UNCITRAL Convention commonly known as the Rotterdam Rules promises to achieve the hitherto elusive goal of a legal unification of international transport contracts. Its innovative set of rules accommodates such modern trade practices as those treating the carriage of goods by sea as part of wider door-to-door commercial transport operations and those relying on electronic commerce. It closes many gaps in the existing international transport regime, thoroughly specifying the relation of transport documents to the rights and obligations between exporters and importers of goods, and clarifying the interests of credit and insurance in contracts of carriage. This remarkable book, which will examine the Rotterdam Rules in depth, is edited and written by international lawyers intimately familiar with the negotiations leading to the Convention in finished form. It proceeds by a detailed analysis of each of the Convention's 18 chapters in turn, in a clause-by-clause manner, drawing attention to interlinking implications throughout the document. The book's lucid insights and guidance are especially valuable in showing exactly how the Rules improve the existing international transport regime through its clearer and more complete regulation of such elements as the following: allocation of burden of proof; evidentiary value of transport documents and electronic records, including non-negotiable documents and records; freedom of contract in respect of volume contracts; continuous character of the obligation of seaworthiness; limits of liability; rights during transit; recovery of loss of and damage to goods caused by accidents of navigation; and, jurisdiction and arbitration. It also includes: role of subcontracted carriers both on sea and inland; role of warehouses, transport terminals and stevedoring companies; risks and contract practices of lenders; interests of freight forwarders, cargo insurers and liability insurers; and, prevention of maritime fraud. The authors provide a crystal-clear picture that allows the reader to appreciate the balanced way in which the interests of the various stakeholders are addressed by the Rules - the greater legal certainty for each party's legal position, the freedom to extend the Rules by contract to the whole transport operation, the clear legal basis for the use of electronic transport records, and the flexibility with which the Rules have left room for evolving trade practices. It will be of immeasurable value to practitioners and all parties interested in understanding how the new Convention operates and how the provisions are intended to be applied after the Convention comes into force.

This book encapsulates in detail the principles pertaining to legal and regulatory aspects of aerodromes. As the title denotes, it discusses the various aspects of the structure and functioning of an aerodrome and the complexities involved. It focuses on the law and regulation of aerodrome certification and planning, aerodrome services, financial and economic planning, security, management and governance.

The airport industry is one of the fastest growing within the aviation industry, requiring innovation and creativity in management. This in turn has called for an increased focus on advanced management programmes for airport managers and lawyers. The Airport Management Professional Accreditation Programme (AMPAP) offered worldwide by the International Civil Aviation Organization and Airports Council International, and the Angkasa Pura II Airport Management Excellence Programme of Indonesia are two such initiatives which give airport professionals a sound grounding on the principles and techniques of management and law.

The dramatic rise in air traffic, together with rapid residential and commercial development around our metropolitan areas, has strained the capacity of airports to serve the public safely and efficiently. Hardaway's book explores this problem in depth. Drawing on both the hands-on expertise of professionals in the field and a thorough grounding in law and public policy, it looks at the laws governing airport development and addresses the complex regulatory and policy issues surrounding the construction, expansion, and operation of airports.

Beginning with a review of airport regulation from 1903 onward, Hardaway examines aspects of regulatory power, including federal and local authority, local proprietorship, and citizens' concerns. Chapters on airport planning, financing, and operation have been contributed by experts with practical experience in these fields. The question of civil rights in employment and marketplace competition is also considered. Other topics addressed are local, state, and federal regulation of noise; responses to the terrorist threat; the airport as a public forum for free speech and the exercise of religion; the economics of regulation; and the impact of anti-trust legislation. Offering constructive proposals for policy development as well as detailed analysis of current problems, this book will be appropriate reading for students, educators, and professionals concerned with air transportation development, management, policy, and law.

Due to the fact that no attempt to create uniform law for multimodal carriage has as yet met with success, transport law has no adequate means to create certainty as to the legal consequences of any loss, damage or delay of cargo resulting from multimodal carriage contracts. A fragmented, complex and inconsistent liability patchwork - which involves regional, subregional and national laws usually focused on unimodal transport, supplemented by contractual standard rules created by the industry - serves as an international liability framework. The consequence of this state of affairs is that the applicable liability rules vary greatly from case to case and give rise to uncertainty concerning the extent of a multimodal carrier's liability in a given situation. Indeed, according to a 2003 UNCTAD survey, most parties involved in the transport industry do not consider the existing legal framework for multimodal transportation to be satisfactory or even cost-effective. Now, progressing through an in-depth analysis of the exact nature of the international multimodal carriage contract, this important study assesses how the most advantageous law applicable to a multimodal contract may be uncovered. Using the ideas, legislation and case law on multimodal carriage in the legal systems of Germany, The Netherlands and England to anchor her presentation, the author offers a thorough investigation of the existing framework of carriage law, the applicable rules of private international law, and the options provided by choice of law based on contractual conditions. In the course of the analysis all essential issues are scrutinized, including the following: ‒ whether the modes of transport to be used may be left open by the contract; ‒ time bars on protest and litigation and when they commence; ‒ carriage documentation; ‒ liability of the carrier for subcontractors; ‒ planning for 'friction costs'; ‒ rules on jurisdiction and the resulting forum shopping practice; ‒ instances where conventions overlap, or when no existing carriage regime applies; ‒ damage or loss that occurs at the point where one unimodal regime ends and another begins; ‒ damage or loss brought about by multiple causes; and ‒ rights and obligations attached to delivery. No comparable treatise exists on which rules may govern international multimodal contracts for the carriage of goods and under what conditions they will do so, and this book is thus an indispensable asset to the work of any practitioner or official connected with international transport. In addition, the author presents a detailed review of the various drafts and propositions that have been on offer in recent years, and submits a well-thought-out proposal for a set of multimodal transport rules to alleviate the difficulties that currently plague this area of carriage law.

Air Law CO-PUBLICATION WITH ANT N SAKKOULAS PUBLISHERS GREECE At the end of 2002 the third package has been in force for ten years. It was therefore a good moment to review the record in terms of compliance and problems which have been encountered. Competition Law continues to play an important role in the airline sector and topical issues include frequent flyer programmes, the response by traditional airlines to law-cost airlines and arrangements between low-cost airlines and airports. For the last few years state aid to airlines had been a dormant issues, but it is now back in earnest - in connection with the very different responses of the EU and the US to the events of 11 September, the similar but different fates of Sabena and Swissair and the opening of a Commission investigation into Olympic Airways. Passenger rights remains a subject high on the commission's agenda, and its proposal for a regulation on compensation for denied boarding and flight delays and cancellation is exciting strong opposition from airlines. All these subjects were covered in the Association's annual conference for 2002 in Stockholm, and in some cases from a particular Scandinavian point of view. General developments in the Nordic and the Baltic regions have also been discussed, particularly in view of the expected imminent special aviation arrangements between the Baltic states and the EU.

Emerging Pathogens at the Poles: Disease and International Trade Law explores the applicability and possible complicating issues of the SPS Protocol to the Polar Regions in light of emerging pathogeneses and unknown host and environmental susceptibility and resilience. It examines the current literature on emerging pathogeneses in the Arctic and Antarctic and the relationship pathogeneses has with human development and movement of goods and people in spreading pathogens in the Polar Regions. Given the endemic nature of the Polar environment and the increasing interest in these regions for tourism and industry, this topic is important to address. The major component of the work is on the relevance of the SPS Protocol and the GATT 1994 Article XX(b) exception on human, animal and plant health as a barrier to trade which is examined in the context of its application to the Arctic and Antarctic. This book is an introduction to the interdisciplinary thinking required, across both science and law, in order to appreciate the significance of global trade barriers in reducing disease transmission and spread. The spread of pathogens across boundaries has become an important geopolitical issue and the provisions of international trade law may prove decisive in limiting or exacerbating the spread of disease. Academics and students with initial knowledge of the international trade regime, or those with initial studies in health or Polar medicine, will find this cross-over a useful introduction to the complications of food, trade and disease.

Railroads, our first large corporations, are rapidly adapting to the deregulated climate of the 1990s. As we approach the 21st century, this book tells the story of the changing role of railroads in our economy and how the law has changed to meet the new competitive environment. Topics include abandonment and extension, railway labor law, rail passenger service, short line spinoffs, special problems of railroad employment and parallel deregulatory activity in Canada.

The authors deal with the changing railroad environment by describing the rail network of today, which has shrunk in route-miles but is in better shape than at any time since World War II. The changing role of rail employment is discussed, as well as government operation of Amtrak and commuter rail services. What regulation remains with the Interstate Commerce Commission and Federal Railroad Administration is described in detail. Finally, the authors go north of the border to show how Canada is facing rail deregulation and how Canadian railroads are playing a major part in the U.S. transportation scene. The authors close with a look at railroading as we approach the 21st century. Dooley and Thoms have written a comprehensive book for lawyers and rail enthusiasts alike.