Aerospace law is seeing a gradual merger between the two previously isolated regimes of human conduct pertaining separately to air and to space law. The use of information technology is arguably the foremost compelling force responsible for the unity of the aviation and space activities of man. It is therefore inevitable that information technology, computer law and the laws pertaining to State and individual responsibility are inextricably intertwined in a net of legal issues which would emerge in this new millennium. Frontiers of Aerospace Law introduces such issues as challenges to be addressed, both as corollaries and concomitants to this fundamental and overriding trend in the merger between air and space law. The issues range in space from legal liabilities pertaining to extra-terrestrial intelligence; environmental pollution in outer space; conduct of persons in outer space; to cyber crimes affecting outer space activities; and in air law, issues such as aircraft noise; economic trends of airports and air navigation services; funding for aviation safety projects; and emergent aero-medical issues and privacy of airline pilots. Its recommendations are geared to look future reality directly in the face and find legal solutions. In the realm of public international law, remedial measures are almost non-existent in the field of aerospace law, except for a solid foundation given to the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization to hear disputes between States on matters relating to civil aviation, a facility which has so far scarcely been used in the Organization's 55 year old history. Apart from a few provisions in the various space law conventions, there is no single coherent settlement mechanism at space law. The increasingly rapid proliferation of space activities in the coming years and their diversity leave no room for doubt that new laws will have to be put into place and new mechanisms to combat problems will have to be carefully thoug

This collection of statutes form a reference point for the maritime, commercial and insurance litigator. It covers 35 statutes, some with a commentary and list of key cases to aid with interpretation of the statute.

The European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Inland Waterways (ADN) done at Geneva on 26 May 2000 under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine (CCNR) has been in force since February 2008. This version has been prepared on the basis of amendments applicable as from 1 January 2019. The Regulations annexed to the ADN contain provisions concerning dangerous substances and articles, their carriage in packages and in bulk on board inland navigation vessels or tank vessels, as well as provisions concerning the construction and operation of such vessels. They also address requirements and procedures for inspections, the issue of certificates of approval, recognition of classification societies, monitoring, and training and examination of experts. They are harmonized to the greatest possible extent with the dangerous goods agreements for other modes of transport.

Fundamentals of International Aviation Law and Policy offers students a systematic, tailored and dynamic approach to understanding the legal scenario concerning international civil aviation. The book dynamically covers the major areas of international aviation law, and provides an introduction to the multifaceted international regulation of aviation activities in the sphere of public and private law. The book is designed to provide the reader with the fundamental notions concerning international aviation law. It adopts an interactive approach, which aims at engaging the reader by way of using learning tools. The main areas of public and private aviation law are dealt with from a regulatory and practical perspective, and include detailed analyses of existing and applicable legislations, as well as landmark court cases and decisions. Each chapter is tailored to confer to readers a thorough knowledge of the international and, if any, the European applicable legislation. Delivery of these aims is attained through a dynamic and balanced use of didactic instruments and immediate information. The book is intended for a varied audience of students and professionals involved in the aviation world, without requiring the possession of specific legal knowledge or background. It also aims to constitute a useful reference material for those who are familiar with legal terminology and aviation specifics.

Drone Law and Policy describes the drone industry and its evolution, describing the benefits and risks of its exponential growth. It outlines the current and proposed regulatory framework in Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom and Europe, taking into consideration the current and evolving technological and insurance landscape. This book makes recommendations as to additional regulatory and insurance initiatives which the authors believe are necessary to achieve an effective balance between the various competing interests. The 23 chapters are written by global specialists on crucial topics, such as terrorism and security, airport and aircraft safety, maritime deployment, cyber-risks, regulatory oversight, licensing, standards and insurance. This book will provide authoritative reference and expert guidance for regulators and government agencies, legal practitioners, insurance companies and brokers globally, as well as for major organisations utilising drones in industrial applications.

Fundamentals of International Aviation Law and Policy offers students a systematic, tailored and dynamic approach to understanding the legal scenario concerning international civil aviation. The book dynamically covers the major areas of international aviation law, and provides an introduction to the multifaceted international regulation of aviation activities in the sphere of public and private law. The book is designed to provide the reader with the fundamental notions concerning international aviation law. It adopts an interactive approach, which aims at engaging the reader by way of using learning tools. The main areas of public and private aviation law are dealt with from a regulatory and practical perspective, and include detailed analyses of existing and applicable legislations, as well as landmark court cases and decisions. Each chapter is tailored to confer to readers a thorough knowledge of the international and, if any, the European applicable legislation. Delivery of these aims is attained through a dynamic and balanced use of didactic instruments and immediate information. The book is intended for a varied audience of students and professionals involved in the aviation world, without requiring the possession of specific legal knowledge or background. It also aims to constitute a useful reference material for those who are familiar with legal terminology and aviation specifics.

The Evolving Impacts of ICT on Activities and Travel Behavior, Volume Three in the Advances in Transport Policy and Planning series, assesses both successful and unsuccessful practices and policies from around the world on the topic. This new volume highlights ICT as a Resilient Travel Behavior Alternative; The Past, Present and Future of Travel Time Use; The Intersection of Transportation and Telecommunications in Demand Forecasting and Traffic Management; International Journey Planning System to Welcoming MaaS; An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship Between Mobile Internet Usage and Activity-Travel Behavior; Travel Time Perception and Time Use in an Era of Automated Driving, and more.

Aviation is an important global business and a signi?cant driver of the global economy. Itisvital,therefore,thatstringentmeasuresaretakentocounteractsof unlawfulinterferencewithcivilaviation. TheConventiononInternationalCivil AviationsignedatChicagoon7December1944,statesinitsPreamblethatwhereas thedevelopmentofcivilaviationmayhelppreservefriendshipandunderstanding amongthepeopleoftheworld,yet,itsabusecouldbecomeathreattogeneral security. Thegenealogyoftheterm"Terrorism"liesinLatinterminologymeaning"to causetotremble"(terrere). Sincethecatastrophiceventsof11September2001, we have seen stringent legal measures taken by the United States to attack terrorism,notjustcurbit. Thefamousphrase"waronterror"denotespre-emptive andpreventivestrikescarriedoutthroughapplicableprovisionsoflegitimately adoptedprovisionsoflegislation. TheearliestexampleistheAirTransportation Safety and System Stabilization Act (ATSAA)enactedbyPresidentBushless thantwomonthsafterthe9/11attacks. Then,twomonthsaftertheattacks,in November2001,CongresspassedtheAviationandTransportationSecurityAct (ATSA)withaviewtoimprovingsecurityandclosingthesecurityloopholes whichexistedonthatfatefuldayinSeptember2001. Thelegislationpavedthe wayforahugefederalbodycalledtheTransportationSecurityAdministration (TSA) which was established within the Department of Transportation. The HomelandSecurityActof2002whichfollowedeffectedasigni?cantreorga- zationoftheFederalGovernment. Allthisgoestoshowthatthelawplaysasigni?cantroleinensuringaviation security. Thisbookaddressesnewandemergingthreatstocivilaviation;evaluates securitytoolsnowinusesuchasthePublicKeyDirectory,AdvancePassenger Information,PassengerNameRecordandMachineReadabletraveldocumentsin the context of their legal and regulatory background; and discusses applicable securitytreatieswhileprovidinganinsightintotheprocessofthesecurityaudits conductedbytheInternationalCivilAviationOrganization(ICAO). v vi Preface ThebookalsoexaminesissuesoflegalresponsibilityofStatesandindividuals forterroristactsofthirdpartiesagainstcivilaviationanddiscussesfromalegal perspectivethelatestliabilityConventionsadoptedatICAO. TheConclusionof thebookprovidesaninsightintotheapplicationoflegalprinciplesthroughrisk management. Sincethewritingofthisbook,theauthor publishedthreefeature articles entitled, The NW Flight 253 and the Global Framework of Aviation Security(AirandSpaceLaw,Volume35Issue2April2010167-Aviation is an important global business and a signi?cant driver of the global economy. Itisvital,therefore,thatstringentmeasuresaretakentocounteractsof unlawfulinterferencewithcivilaviation. TheConventiononInternationalCivil AviationsignedatChicagoon7December1944,statesinitsPreamblethatwhereas thedevelopmentofcivilaviationmayhelppreservefriendshipandunderstanding amongthepeopleoftheworld,yet,itsabusecouldbecomeathreattogeneral security. Thegenealogyoftheterm"Terrorism"liesinLatinterminologymeaning"to causetotremble"(terrere). Sincethecatastrophiceventsof11September2001, we have seen stringent legal measures taken by the United States to attack terrorism,notjustcurbit. Thefamousphrase"waronterror"denotespre-emptive andpreventivestrikescarriedoutthroughapplicableprovisionsoflegitimately adoptedprovisionsoflegislation. TheearliestexampleistheAirTransportation Safety and System Stabilization Act (ATSAA)enactedbyPresidentBushless thantwomonthsafterthe9/11attacks. Then,twomonthsaftertheattacks,in November2001,CongresspassedtheAviationandTransportationSecurityAct (ATSA)withaviewtoimprovingsecurityandclosingthesecurityloopholes whichexistedonthatfatefuldayinSeptember2001. Thelegislationpavedthe wayforahugefederalbodycalledtheTransportationSecurityAdministration (TSA) which was established within the Department of Transportation. The HomelandSecurityActof2002whichfollowedeffectedasigni?cantreorga- zationoftheFederalGovernment. Allthisgoestoshowthatthelawplaysasigni?cantroleinensuringaviation security. Thisbookaddressesnewandemergingthreatstocivilaviation;evaluates securitytoolsnowinusesuchasthePublicKeyDirectory,AdvancePassenger Information,PassengerNameRecordandMachineReadabletraveldocumentsin the context of their legal and regulatory background; and discusses applicable securitytreatieswhileprovidinganinsightintotheprocessofthesecurityaudits conductedbytheInternationalCivilAviationOrganization(ICAO). v vi Preface ThebookalsoexaminesissuesoflegalresponsibilityofStatesandindividuals forterroristactsofthirdpartiesagainstcivilaviationanddiscussesfromalegal perspectivethelatestliabilityConventionsadoptedatICAO. TheConclusionof thebookprovidesaninsightintotheapplicationoflegalprinciplesthroughrisk management. Sincethewritingofthisbook,theauthor publishedthreefeature articles entitled, The NW Flight 253 and the Global Framework of Aviation Security(AirandSpaceLaw,Volume35Issue2April2010167-182);TheUse of Full Body Scanners and Their Legal Implications; and The Use of Forged PassportsforActsofCriminality(bothofwhichcouldbeaccessedthroughthe webpageoftheJournalofTransportationSecurity(Springer). Thesethreearticles formausefuladjuncttothisbook. Montreal,CA RuwantissaAbeyratne Contents 1 ASecurityCulture ...1 A. ARisk-BasedApproach ...1 B. TheICAOResponse ...2 I. TheICAOHigh-LevelMinisterialConference ...2 II. PostConferenceWork ...7 C. EmergingThreats ...9 I. Probability ...9 II. ReactingtoProbability ...10 III. Deterrence ...13 IV. ProblemsofDeterrence ...14 V. ThreatAssessmentinICAO ...16 VI. TheAVSECPanel ...19 VII. Bioterrorism ...21 VIII. Cyber-Terrorism ...24 IX. MANPADS ...25 X. TheDiverseNatureofMissileAttacks ...29 XI. InstallationofanAnti-missileSystem ...32 XII. ThePerimeterGuard ...32 XIII. InternationalAccord ...33 XIV. OtherCurrentThreats ...36 References ...3 6 2 PrinciplesofResponsibility ...39 A. StateResponsibility ...39 I. PrinciplesofStateResponsibility ...42 II. TheTheoryofComplicity ...42 III. MechanismsforExtraditionofOffenders: TheLockerbieCase ...43 IV. TheCondonationTheory ...48 V. TheRoleofKnowledge ...51 vii viii Contents VI. Pro?lingofPassengers ...54 VII. AirportPro?ling ...55 VIII. Pro?lingandtheRightofPrivacy ...58 B. OtherAspectsofResponsibility ...61 I. PreludetotheRomeConventionof1952 ...61 II. TheRomeConventionof1952 ...66 C. TheRomeConventionof1952 ...70 I. Background ...70 II. Insurance ...71 III. ProvisionsoftheConvention ...

This book deals with the carrier's liability for deck cargo in the Nordic countries and England as state parties of the Hague-Visby Rules. The comparative method serves to illustrate two widely differing methods of dealing with, first, the exclusion of certain deck cargo from the scope of the Hague-Visby Rules and, second, where not excluded, the Rules failure to include a special deck cargo liability regime. Various solutions similar to the English or Nordic approach, or a combination of the two, have also been adopted in a large number of other jurisdictions. Taking into consideration the massive quantities of cargo that are carried on deck today, the subject is more topical than ever. The complexity of the problem stems from the way in which the deck has, over the years, gradually become a common place to stow cargo. When the Hague Rules were introduced in 1924, deck stowage was an absolute exception due to the great risks involved. As such, the topic must first be looked at in the context of the shipping realities in which the Hague Rules were drafted and then in terms of today's shipping realities. The comparative analysis leading up to the author's conclusions and general remarks for future legislation consists of two parts, the first dealing with the situations in which the carrier is permitted to stow cargo on deck, and the second with the carrier's liability for deck cargo where he has stowed cargo on deck with, or as the case may be, without such permission.

This book embarks on a contemporary analysis of the interaction of economics and law relating to air transport, delving into the major issues that plague the industry. It shows how some of the thorny and frustrating issues could be approached sensibly. Among the issues discussed are the anomaly of exponential growth of air transport which makes airline profitability continue to be poor; the legislative impediments in most countries that preclude direct foreign investment in the industry; the confounding and muddled mess behind the economics of aircraft engine emissions; and the inexplicable reality that, although civil aviation is primarily meant to meet the needs of the people of the world, State regulators have upended the equation and given priority to national interests over the interests of the passenger. The book will be of interest to economists and lawyers alike who deal with air transport issues, and also to academics and students in the area of transportation as well as regulators and airlines.

The aviation community, in which the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the Civil Air Navigation Services Organization (CANSO) play leading roles, is hard at work in bringing aviation into the 21st Century. In doing so, the United States and Europe have taken proactive steps forward in introducing modernization, particularly in moving towards more efficient air traffic management systems within NextGen and SESAR. Elsewhere, in the fields of personnel licensing, rules of the air, accident investigation and aeronautical charts and information, significant strides are being made in moving from mere regulation to implementation and assistance calculated to make all ICAO member States self sufficient in international civil aviation. However, these objectives can be achieved only if the aviation industry has a sustained understanding of the legal and regulatory principles applying to the various areas of air navigation. This book provides that discussion. Some of the subjects discussed in this book are: sovereignty in airspace; flight information and air defence identification zones; rules of the air; personnel licensing; meteorological services; operations of aircraft; air traffic services; accident and incident investigation; aerodromes;efficiency aspects of aviation and environmental protection; aeronautical charts and information; the carriage of dangerous goods; and NextGen and SESAR . Except for NextGen and SESAR, these subjects form the titles of the Annexes to the Chicago Convention that particularly involve the rights and liabilities of the key players involved in air navigation."

These Recommendations have been developed by the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods in the light of technical progress, the advent of new substances and materials, the exigencies of modern transport systems and, above all, the requirement to ensure the safety of people, property and the environment. They are addressed to governments and international organizations concerned with the regulation of the transport of dangerous goods. They do not apply to the bulk transport of dangerous goods in sea-going or inland navigation bulk carriers or tank-vessels, which is subject to special international or national regulations.

This book provides expert analysis of the application of the evolving law in Corporate Manslaughter as it relates to the Maritime and Aviation industries. It will prove to be a useful tool for practitioners and students in this specialised area, as well as those working in the maritime and aviation industries, such as those who will be accountable under the Corporate Manslaughter Act 2007; the Masters and Pilots who manage the risks; and the insurers who underwrite the cost of the risks. The author will discuss areas such as: The liability towards passengers and employees The Prosecution of offenders Comparative analysis of corporate manslaughter in the wider, global industry

Now in its fourth edition, this hallmark text provides a comprehensive, article-by-article guide to the workings of the CMR Convention, as incorporated into English Law by the Carriage of Goods by Road Act 1965. This new edition is fully up to date with all major UK case law, plus major developments in the interpretation of the Convention in the case law of other Contracting States. Furthermore, the book includes expert guidance on the amendments introduced by the additional protocol concerning the electronic consignment note of 2008. The relationship between CMR and potentially conflicting legislation, in particular the Judgments Regulation of 2001 and the Judgments Regulation (recast) of 2012, are also usefully examined. Praised as well-written and extremely accessible, Messent and Glass offer a level of expert detail and referencing that cannot be found elsewhere. This work is an invaluable reference tool that can be used by the busy legal practitioner, and by other road haulage industry professionals, in any contracting state, to solve the issues that confront them in daily practice. It is also an indispensable guide for academics and students of the international carriage of goods by road.

When will we see autonomous vehicles on our roads? The answer is that to some degree, they are already here. Numerous organisations are testing fully autonomous prototypes on public roads in the UK, and even commercially available vehicles already have several 'quasi-autonomous' features. KPMG has forecasted that the connected and autonomous vehicles market could be worth as much as GBP51 billion to the British economy by 2030 and could create some 30,000 new jobs over the same period. Accordingly, the UK and a number of other jurisdictions are already implementing legal reforms with a view to smoothing the path for this technology. Notably, Parliament has passed the Automated and Electric Vehicles Act 2018 dealing with the insurance of such vehicles, and changes are currently being made to the Road Vehicle (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986 and to the Highway Code to accommodate highly automated technologies. The government has also issued non-statutory guidance in relation to testing on public roads, and in relation to vehicle cybersecurity. Against this rapidly changing landscape, this book analyses the key legal issues facing autonomous vehicles, including testing on public roads, insurance, product liability, and cyber security and data protection. It also examines the approach being taken in other jurisdictions, including Austria, Germany, Greece, Italy, the USA, and South Africa.

With the worldwide upsurge of lawsuits against classification societies, their liability towards third parties has become one of the most contentious issues in contemporary maritime law. Against this background, the authors analyze potential third-party claims and examine to what extent classification societies may limit their liability. The study highlights the development in Australian, English, French, New Zealand, U.S. and German law.

Casebook on third party compensation contains relevant portions of important judgments in the area of third party claims, specifically selected by the author to give a comprehensive over view of this area of law and its application by the courts. It is a handy starting point to litigation, as it sets out the case information in a user-friendly format, and introduces each new section by discussing the relevant legislation and providing definitions of important terms.

"Maritime Law, 6th edition is an exhaustive introduction to this complex area of law. It systematically covers the principal topics and illustrates the operation of shipping law in practice. The sixth edition has been extensively revised and updated to incorporate significant statutory developments and cases. This book, with its readable style and practical approach, is ideal for newcomers to subject tool as a research tool. It will also benefit experienced professionals requiring an updated workbook on the general principles and case law."

Slow Cities: Conquering Our Speed Addiction for Health and Sustainability demonstrates, counterintuitively, that reducing the speed of travel within cities saves time for residents and creates more sustainable, liveable, prosperous and healthy environments. This book examines the ways individuals and societies became dependent on transport modes that required investment in speed. Using research from multiple disciplinary perspectives, the book demonstrates ways in which human, economic and environmental health are improved with a slowing of city transport. It identifies effective methods, strategies and policies for decreasing the speed of motorised traffic and encouraging a modal shift to walking, cycling and public transport. This book also offers a holistic assessment of the impact of speed on daily behaviours and life choices, and shows how a move to slow down will - perhaps surprisingly - increase accessibility to the city services and activities that support healthy, sustainable lives and cities.

Delay in a marine adventure is an important and frequent phenomenon of maritime transport as it affects various parties and their interests. Insurance Law Implications of Delay in Maritime Transport is the first single book to deal specifically with this issue in the context of insurance law. The book addresses the losses and expenses that may arise from delay or loss of time in maritime transport, the types of insurance available covering or excluding losses arising from it and the impact of delay on voyage policies. The author, Aysegul Bugra, critically examines and evaluates the scope of several different types of marine insurance policies, including but not limited to: hull and machinery, cargo, freight, loss of hire and marine delay in start-up insurance. Furthermore, the book analyses the current law by tracing back the relevant common law authorities to the 18th century and examines the wordings used in practice from that time to today with a comprehensive and critical approach. This unique text will be of great interest to legal practitioners, shipping professionals and academics alike.

International Air Carrier Liability brings together essential treaties and airline-to-airline agreements on air carrier liability, safety and security, and supplements these with expert commentary and analysis. The examination considers the general regulatory framework of international civil aviation (including the Chicago Convention and related documents) and how the liability regime fits within that framework. The book is divided into three parts: dealing in turn with liability, safety and security, and civil aviation regulation. Part I, for example, provides comment and analysis of the international air-carrier liability regime, how the main liability conventions operate, and the application of these conventions to international carriage by air (passengers, baggage and cargo). Given its subject matter and the universal state party participation in these conventions, this book has truly global application. David Hodgkinson and Rebecca Johnston aim to provide a reference aid for legal practitioners (at law firms, airlines, manufacturers, aviation-related corporations and government departments and agencies), as well as academics, students (undergraduate and post graduate) and government officials regarding treaties, domestic laws and documents concerned with these vital legal issues.

The Contract of Carriage: Multimodal Transport and Unimodal Regulation provides a new perspective on how to approach the question of multimodal transport regulation regarding liability for goods carried. Unlike previous literature, which has approached the issue of applicability from a strict interpretation-of-the-convention angle, this book will analyse the issue from a law of contracts perspective. If goods are damaged during international transport, the carrier's liability is governed by rules laid down in international conventions, such as the CMR convention, the Hague-Visby Rules and the Montreal Convention. Such rules apply to certain modes of transport, to contracts for unimodal carriage. When goods are carried under a multimodal contract of carriage, which provides for carriage by more than one mode of transport, the question is whether these rules are applicable to transport under multimodal contracts of carriage. This book investigates the rules of carrier's liability applicable to unimodal transport, and whether these rules are applicable to carriage under multimodal contracts of carriage, with focus on the actual contract of carriage. This unique text will be of great interest to students, academics, industry professionals, and legal practitioners alike.

International Air Carrier Liability brings together essential treaties and airline-to-airline agreements on air carrier liability, safety and security, and supplements these with expert commentary and analysis. The examination considers the general regulatory framework of international civil aviation (including the Chicago Convention and related documents) and how the liability regime fits within that framework. The book is divided into three parts: dealing in turn with liability, safety and security, and civil aviation regulation. Part I, for example, provides comment and analysis of the international air-carrier liability regime, how the main liability conventions operate, and the application of these conventions to international carriage by air (passengers, baggage and cargo). Given its subject matter and the universal state party participation in these conventions, this book has truly global application. David Hodgkinson and Rebecca Johnston aim to provide a reference aid for legal practitioners (at law firms, airlines, manufacturers, aviation-related corporations and government departments and agencies), as well as academics, students (undergraduate and post graduate) and government officials regarding treaties, domestic laws and documents concerned with these vital legal issues.

Principles of the Carriage of Goods by Sea offers students studying this topic as part of their LLM or LLB course an accessible, comprehensive overview of the subject from a leading expert in the field. Written specifically with students in mind, concentrating on principles, and tailored to common law coverage, this title presents all the essential topics and is supported by the following useful pedagogy: Line Diagrams: illustrating the relationships between parties so that this may be understood at a glance; also where appropriate, time lines Case Studies: looking at topical matters such as piracy, and problematic areas of law such as reachable on arrival clauses and the carriage of bulk oil by sea Sample Problem Questions: problem questions and suggestions to help students to prepare for assessment Annotated appendices: concise appendix of the most important legislation and international conventions, with useful annotation from the author that explains these and puts them in context