By 1838, over two thousand Americans had been killed and many hundreds injured by exploding steam engines on steamboats. After calls for a solution in two State of the Union addresses, a Senate Select Committee met to consider an investigative report from the Franklin Institute of Philadelphia, the first federally funded investigation into a technical.

This work discusses the rapidly developing European transport policy on sustainable freight and the connected efforts initiated by the European Commission (EC) on greening transport by the means of contract law. Greening transport has been a central goal for the EU for decades. The main problem has been, and still is, that far too much carriage of goods within the EU is performed unimodally: by road carriage alone. This has caused severe problems particularly in central Europe, where both trade and environment is suffering from an ineffective transport industry with growing problems of congestion and pollution. A modal shift in transport from mainly road based to a form of transport in which more environmental friendly modes such as rail, inland waterways and sea born transport are integrated into one transport chain, is hence an objective of the EU. If successful, this model could then be extended to the international transport community. The key question raised in this book is whether the traditional role of contract law is changing to such an extent that the parties involved must take external interests into account. In the case of the EU's efforts to enhance sustainable carriage of goods within its realm, the author explores whether governmental interference is necessary, or if we can trust that the parties will integrate environmental issues into their contracts because there is a demand for such clauses. The different proposals for an EU regime on multimodal contracts of carriage are discussed in this context. This book will be of great relevance to academics and practitioners with an interest in EU law, transport law, environmental law and maritime law in general.

The core structure of the regulatory regime for international civil aviation (the 'Chicago System') is inter-national. The features of the Chicago System were designed in an era when the world's airlines were State-owned, and the most pressing international concerns were for navigation and safety regulation. Economic liberalization and intense globalization since the Second World War have impacted on the industry; today, it is global. This book observes the developing governance of global aviation, taking into account the concepts of sovereignty, jurisdiction and territoriality, and the proliferation of actors and participants as partners in a global public policy network, to posit that an upgraded system of global governance for civil aviation helps to explain the emerging complex landscape for global governance of civil aviation. As evidence of the emerging, complex matrix of governance of global aviation, this book identifies and reviews a selection of contemporary, transnational economic and environmental challenges facing the globalized aviation sector, e.g. fair competition safeguards, consumer protection, noise pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, and the respective 'legal' and policy actions taken at national level (United Arab Emirates, Qatar and People's Republic of China), regional level (the European Union) and international level (UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and International Civil Aviation Organization). The book concludes that economic and environmental regulation of international aviation, designed for an inter-national world of yesterday, evolves into global governance of aviation, which is more suited for today's global world. This book will be of particular interest to scholars and practitioners of aviation law, competition law and environmental law, as well as in the areas of transnational law, global governance and international relations.

The European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road is intended to increase the safety of international transport of dangerous goods by road. Regularly amended and updated since its entry into force, it contains the conditions under which dangerous goods may be carried internationally. This version has been prepared on the basis of amendments applicable as from 1 January 2015. It contains in particular new or revised provisions concerning transport of adsorbed gases; lithium batteries (including damaged or defective lithium batteries, lithium batteries for disposal or recycling); asymmetric capacitors; discarded packagings; ammonium nitrate and radioactive material; testing of gas cartridges and fuel cell cartridges; marking of bundles of cylinders; and the applicability of ISO standards to the manufacture of new pressure receptacles or service equipment

Approximately 40 per cent of value of international trade comes from goods carried by air, and the consequences of goods being damaged, destroyed or delayed can be serious, substantial, and perhaps unforeseen. This exciting new book is the only one on the market that deals exclusively with air cargo insurance, and will therefore, be a vital addition to the collection of any practitioner, professional or academic working in the field. Air Cargo Insurance analyses the model policies and standard terms and conditions on the London markets. The authors also provide readers with an invaluable perspective on cases in other jurisdictions, and the book discusses freight forwarders' relations with airlines and addresses the possibility of recovery from third parties. This book, written by two of the leading experts in the field, provides invaluable guidance to practitioners, arbitrators and cargo-claims professionals. It will help to ensure that air cargo insurance contracts are better drafted and enforceable, as well as assisting in cases of disputed claims. Academics and postgraduate students specialising in the areas of in air and insurance law will also find this book extremely useful.

Written by a team of top academics and highly-experienced legal practitioners, this is a very complex area of law. It provides both a critical analysis on contemporary legal issues concerning offshore contracts, and an in-depth account of the numerous liability regimes inherently connected to offshore operations. Key features of Offshore Contracts and Liabilities: Detailed insight into contemporary legal issues concerning offshore contracts, including Supplytime and Heavycon In-depth analysis of the current liability regimes with clear reference to contemporary industry practice Thorough examination of the current state of the law from national, regional and international perspectives Up-to-date coverage of hot topics such as liability for offshore installations, knock-for knock agreements in offshore contracts and recently-developed new standard forms, such as Windtime. This book is an indispensable guide for legal practitioners, academics and industry professionals worldwide

A comprehensive treatment of Chinese maritime law and judicial practice, this book covers both substantive law and procedure law of maritime law in mainland China. This is a professional book for both academics and practitioners in the field of maritime law. Including analysis of and comment on judicial practice from the Supreme People's Court, Higher People's Courts and ten maritime courts, as well as a whitepaper of Chinese maritime adjudication for 30 years (1984-2014), this brings to an English-speaking audience for the first time some of the most technical aspects of maritime law. It is therefore an invaluable resource for all those interested in maritime law in China.

Transportation Network Companies and Taxis: The Case of Seattle is a modern economic case history and thorough analysis of the devastating impact of the transportation network company (TNC) industry (Uber and Lyft) on the taxicab industry in Seattle, Washington, beginning in 2014. The events that transpired and lessons learned are applicable to most large cities in North America, Europe and Australia. As the regulator of the taxicab and TNC industries in Seattle during this period, the author offers a unique insider perspective. The book also provides internal operating statistics on the TNC industry, which are available here for the first time. Despite the spectacular growth of the TNC industry, growth rates have steadily declined and may fall to zero by 2019 or 2020, while the taxicab industry appears to have begun a modest recovery. This book offers a thorough explanation of how and why this decline has happened. It explains the taxicab industry, economic deregulation, competitive market failure, market disruption, price elasticity of demand and other concepts. There is also a wealth of data, computations and analysis for the specialized reader. This book considers the past, present and future of the taxicab and TNC industries in Seattle, It is recommended for both the general reader and industry professionals.

The Contract of Carriage: Multimodal Transport and Unimodal Regulation provides a new perspective on how to approach the question of multimodal transport regulation regarding liability for goods carried. Unlike previous literature, which has approached the issue of applicability from a strict interpretation-of-the-convention angle, this book will analyse the issue from a law of contracts perspective. If goods are damaged during international transport, the carrier's liability is governed by rules laid down in international conventions, such as the CMR convention, the Hague-Visby Rules and the Montreal Convention. Such rules apply to certain modes of transport, to contracts for unimodal carriage. When goods are carried under a multimodal contract of carriage, which provides for carriage by more than one mode of transport, the question is whether these rules are applicable to transport under multimodal contracts of carriage. This book investigates the rules of carrier's liability applicable to unimodal transport, and whether these rules are applicable to carriage under multimodal contracts of carriage, with focus on the actual contract of carriage. This unique text will be of great interest to students, academics, industry professionals, and legal practitioners alike.

When will we see autonomous vehicles on our roads? The answer is that to some degree, they are already here. Numerous organisations are testing fully autonomous prototypes on public roads in the UK, and even commercially available vehicles already have several 'quasi-autonomous' features. KPMG has forecasted that the connected and autonomous vehicles market could be worth as much as GBP51 billion to the British economy by 2030 and could create some 30,000 new jobs over the same period. Accordingly, the UK and a number of other jurisdictions are already implementing legal reforms with a view to smoothing the path for this technology. Notably, Parliament has passed the Automated and Electric Vehicles Act 2018 dealing with the insurance of such vehicles, and changes are currently being made to the Road Vehicle (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986 and to the Highway Code to accommodate highly automated technologies. The government has also issued non-statutory guidance in relation to testing on public roads, and in relation to vehicle cybersecurity. Against this rapidly changing landscape, this book analyses the key legal issues facing autonomous vehicles, including testing on public roads, insurance, product liability, and cyber security and data protection. It also examines the approach being taken in other jurisdictions, including Austria, Germany, Greece, Italy, the USA, and South Africa.

Focusing on the consequences of Brexit for aviation law, this book presents the key legal issues for aviation business and administration, as well as all major stakeholders that could potentially be affected by Brexit. This will include airlines, airports, aerospace manufacturers, regulatory and judicial institutions, passengers and employees. The book will indicate groups of legal acts disturbed by Brexit and those few that will remain untouched, and develop on this basis a digest of regulatory and institutional problems that will arise in various areas of the discussed sector. Finally, the short title will deliberate on the directions of possible actions which may be undertaken to avoid post-Brexit legal incoherence. This review should give essential guidance to the industry and the authorities on both sides of the English Channel as to what to expect and how to prepare for the forthcoming legal earthquake.

This book examines for the first time the Barecon 2001 form which was adopted by the Documentary Committee of BIMCO in November 2001. The title explains the nature and formation of a bareboat charter, and examines and comments upon each of the clauses contained in the new form, drawing comparisons with the Barecon 89 form. It gives separate consideration to the form and the issues that arise in the context of finance charters and leases. It also provides valuable guidance upon the admiralty and arrest jurisdiction of the English court in relation to bareboat charters. The second edition has been thoroughly revised and updated, with extended commentary on the issues arising in the context of bareboat charters regarding insolvency, insurance and the provisions for new buildings.

This volume looks at the operational standards and obligations in civil aviation, and the consequences of failure to comply with them. It covers a wide range of topics both international and complex in measure.

This book provides expert analysis of the application of the evolving law in Corporate Manslaughter as it relates to the Maritime and Aviation industries. It will prove to be a useful tool for practitioners and students in this specialised area, as well as those working in the maritime and aviation industries, such as those who will be accountable under the Corporate Manslaughter Act 2007; the Masters and Pilots who manage the risks; and the insurers who underwrite the cost of the risks. The author will discuss areas such as: The liability towards passengers and employees The Prosecution of offenders Comparative analysis of corporate manslaughter in the wider, global industry

This collection of statutes form a reference point for the maritime, commercial and insurance litigator. It covers 35 statutes, some with a commentary and list of key cases to aid with interpretation of the statute.

As a consequence of so much construction work being carried out on or near highways, contractors ignore at their peril the law of highways and the influence it has, or should have, on their working methods and practices. Some knowledge of the law relating to highways is essential to anyone involved in the construction process, including the architect, engineer or surveyor advising a client as to what is possible and the contractor actually carrying out the contract works. By avoiding legal language, this book aims to provide practical guidance from maintenance and improvements to activities related to construction work on or near highways.

Aerospace law is seeing a gradual merger between the two previously isolated regimes of human conduct pertaining separately to air and to space law. The use of information technology is arguably the foremost compelling force responsible for the unity of the aviation and space activities of man. It is therefore inevitable that information technology, computer law and the laws pertaining to State and individual responsibility are inextricably intertwined in a net of legal issues which would emerge in this new millennium. Frontiers of Aerospace Law introduces such issues as challenges to be addressed, both as corollaries and concomitants to this fundamental and overriding trend in the merger between air and space law. The issues range in space from legal liabilities pertaining to extra-terrestrial intelligence; environmental pollution in outer space; conduct of persons in outer space; to cyber crimes affecting outer space activities; and in air law, issues such as aircraft noise; economic trends of airports and air navigation services; funding for aviation safety projects; and emergent aero-medical issues and privacy of airline pilots. Its recommendations are geared to look future reality directly in the face and find legal solutions. In the realm of public international law, remedial measures are almost non-existent in the field of aerospace law, except for a solid foundation given to the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization to hear disputes between States on matters relating to civil aviation, a facility which has so far scarcely been used in the Organization's 55 year old history. Apart from a few provisions in the various space law conventions, there is no single coherent settlement mechanism at space law. The increasingly rapid proliferation of space activities in the coming years and their diversity leave no room for doubt that new laws will have to be put into place and new mechanisms to combat problems will have to be carefully thoug

During the 1990s there were two major developments to the Common EU Maritime Transport Policy (CMTP): the establishment of European Union policies on safe seas and on shortsea shipping respectively. This book critically analyzes and appraises these and other developments to the CMTP in this period, while also studying policy Europeanization. It focuses on both the economic environment of maritime transport and the interaction of policy makers and organized interests during the policy-making process, with an emphasis on the political dimensions. By developing an innovative economic model, the book examines the ways in which governmental and non-governmental policy makers and their ideas interact within the EU's structure and dynamics, and shows how these factors account for why, when and how the specific common EU policy has developed.

This collection of statutes form a reference point for the maritime, commercial and insurance litigator. It covers 35 statutes, some with a commentary and list of key cases to aid with interpretation of the statute.

Drone Law and Policy describes the drone industry and its evolution, describing the benefits and risks of its exponential growth. It outlines the current and proposed regulatory framework in Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom and Europe, taking into consideration the current and evolving technological and insurance landscape. This book makes recommendations as to additional regulatory and insurance initiatives which the authors believe are necessary to achieve an effective balance between the various competing interests. The 23 chapters are written by global specialists on crucial topics, such as terrorism and security, airport and aircraft safety, maritime deployment, cyber-risks, regulatory oversight, licensing, standards and insurance. This book will provide authoritative reference and expert guidance for regulators and government agencies, legal practitioners, insurance companies and brokers globally, as well as for major organisations utilising drones in industrial applications.

Fundamentals of International Aviation Law and Policy offers students a systematic, tailored and dynamic approach to understanding the legal scenario concerning international civil aviation. The book dynamically covers the major areas of international aviation law, and provides an introduction to the multifaceted international regulation of aviation activities in the sphere of public and private law. The book is designed to provide the reader with the fundamental notions concerning international aviation law. It adopts an interactive approach, which aims at engaging the reader by way of using learning tools. The main areas of public and private aviation law are dealt with from a regulatory and practical perspective, and include detailed analyses of existing and applicable legislations, as well as landmark court cases and decisions. Each chapter is tailored to confer to readers a thorough knowledge of the international and, if any, the European applicable legislation. Delivery of these aims is attained through a dynamic and balanced use of didactic instruments and immediate information. The book is intended for a varied audience of students and professionals involved in the aviation world, without requiring the possession of specific legal knowledge or background. It also aims to constitute a useful reference material for those who are familiar with legal terminology and aviation specifics.

This book explores the geography of the everyday roadway and contemplates how regulation and design shape our streets. People may question the hegemony of cars, but reimagining public streets is a major conceptual and technical challenge. Drawing from "new mobilities" and transport studies, Prytherch addresses how streets are structured by policy standards; what it means to have a right to the street; and how a more just street would look-in both theory and practice. He summarizes key traffic statutes, case laws, and engineering manuals, and interprets these in relation to mobility rights and justice. At its core, the book moves beyond criticism to highlight emerging movements which aim to develop more complete and livable streets for everyone.

Fundamentals of International Aviation Law and Policy offers students a systematic, tailored and dynamic approach to understanding the legal scenario concerning international civil aviation. The book dynamically covers the major areas of international aviation law, and provides an introduction to the multifaceted international regulation of aviation activities in the sphere of public and private law. The book is designed to provide the reader with the fundamental notions concerning international aviation law. It adopts an interactive approach, which aims at engaging the reader by way of using learning tools. The main areas of public and private aviation law are dealt with from a regulatory and practical perspective, and include detailed analyses of existing and applicable legislations, as well as landmark court cases and decisions. Each chapter is tailored to confer to readers a thorough knowledge of the international and, if any, the European applicable legislation. Delivery of these aims is attained through a dynamic and balanced use of didactic instruments and immediate information. The book is intended for a varied audience of students and professionals involved in the aviation world, without requiring the possession of specific legal knowledge or background. It also aims to constitute a useful reference material for those who are familiar with legal terminology and aviation specifics.

This book discusses the problem of sea carriers' liability, with a particular focus on role of the technologies that have been employed to support maritime transport in recent decades. It examines the Hague Rules, providing an overview of the precedent standard of liability, its historical development up until its application, and its construction at the current time. To do so, it presents two exemplary studies from English and American case law, and analyzes the situations in which the courts have required the application of new technologies as part of the duties set in the current governing liability regime. Written in an easy-to-follow style, the book offers not only an unique overview of the applications of technologies in making ships both seaworthy and cargo-worthy, but also a practice-oriented guide to understanding and making decisions about sea carriers' liability. It is intended for law practitioners as well as advanced graduate students and researchers in the field of maritime shipping, transport and insurance law

This book addresses emerging legal and economic issues in competition and investment in air transport, against the backdrop of the role governments and airlines should play in avoiding protectionism and encouraging innovation and creativity. It evaluates current trends in air transport and the direction the industry is taking in the twenty first century. There are discussions on key aspects of air transport, such as safety assurance and environmental protection, as they are impacted by competition. The rapid evolution of aerospace transport and its effect on competition in air transport is also examined. A recurring theme of the book is the influence of creative destruction and disruptive innovation on air transport. This is addressed through an in-depth study of the contentious areas of law relating to the abuse of dominant positions and state aid, as reflected in the ongoing claim by the three largest US carriers against Gulf carriers such as Emirates Airlines, Etihad and Qatar Airways. The US carriers claim that Emirates and Etihad - which operate air services into the United States by virtue of an open-skies agreement between the US and The United Arab Emirates - are using generous subsidies given to them by their g overnments to illegally capture the "legitimate" market belonging to the US carriers. These issues are clarified in the book using analyses of competition law and investment law as they apply to air transport, free-trade-agreement analogies and an open-skies case study.