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Books > Earth & environment > Earth sciences > Structure & properties of the Earth > Volcanology & seismology
An Introduction to Mining Seismology describes comprehensively the
modern methods and techniques used to monitor and study seismicity
and rockbursts in mines. Key case histories from various worldwide
mining districts clearly illustrate and skillfully emphasize the
practical aspects of mining seismology. This text is intended as a
handbook for geophysicists and mining and rock mechanics engineers
working at mines. It will also serve as an essential reference tool
for seismologists working at research institutions on local
seismicity not necessarily induced by mining.
Key Features
* Presents a comprehensive description of seismicity induced by
mining worldwide
* Provides information on optimum network planning and seismic
event location procedures in deep mines
* Covers a broad array of topics including focal mechanism, moment
tensor, and double-couple versus non-double-couple seismic events
in mines
* Includes data on source parameters and scaling relations for
seismic events in mines
Piton de la Fournaise and Karthala are both shield volcanoes in the
southwest Indian Ocean. This publication summarizes the work done
on these very active basaltic volcanoes. Piton de la Fournaise has
a long history of scientific research and monitoring, with many
data collected during recent eruptions. It is certainly one of the
most studied volcanoes in the world. The work presented in this
monograph includes geological, geophysical, geochemical and
petrological aspects, but also studies on physical geography,
natural hazards and the sociological and behavioural approaches.'
The Karthala volcano may be less well known, but it serves as an
interesting comparison to Piton de la Fournaise. Although situated
close to the volcanoes of Hawaii, it differs from them by its more
alkaline magmas and less frequent activity. It was also monitored
for more than 25 years, producing extraordinary eruptions in recent
years.
Tsunamis in the European-Mediterranean Region: From Historical
Record to Risk Mitigation provides readers with a much needed,
reliable, and up-to-date history of the region, including
descriptions and parameters of the main events from pre-history to
the present that are supported by parametric catalogues, pictorial
material, and examples of instrumental records, such as tide-gauge
records. The book presents a broader perspective of needed action
for local and national governments, and international
organizations, and is written by an internationally recognized
expert in this field, providing an authoritative account of
historical tsunamis in the eastern Mediterranean. It addresses key
points of tsunami mitigation, including the systems currently
available for tsunami recording, monitoring, and early warning,
along with a presentation of the preventative measures that can be
applied in all tsunami-vulnerable regions.
This volume presents different studies carried out on induced
seismicity, both from experimental and theoretical viewpoints.
Several examples of seismic activity induced by underground nuclear
explosions, impoundment of artificial reservoirs, and mining
activities are given and discussed. Another important subject which
is covered is earthquakes induced by other large earthquakes.
Further, tectonic stress release in the immediate vicinity of an
underground nuclear explosion is treated. The release produces
aftershocks of small magnitude, usually for several weeks,
occurring a few kilometers within the shot point. This phenomenon
is of importance in the context of monitoring a Comprehensive Test
Ban Treaty.
"Earthquake Hazard, Risk and Disasters" presents the latest
scientific developments and reviews of research addressing seismic
hazard and seismic risk, including causality rates, impacts on
society, preparedness, insurance and mitigation. The current
controversies in seismic hazard assessment and earthquake
prediction are addressed from different points of view. Basic tools
for understanding the seismic risk and to reduce it, like
paleoseismology, remote sensing, and engineering are
discussed.
Contains contributions from expert seismologists, geologists,
engineers and geophysicists selected by a world-renowned editorial
boardPresents the latest research on seismic hazard and risk
assessment, economic impacts, fatality rates, and earthquake
preparedness and mitigationIncludes numerous illustrations, maps,
diagrams and tables addressing earthquake risk reductionFeatures
new insights and reviews of earthquake prediction, forecasting and
early warning, as well as basic tools to deal with earthquake
risk
This book provides a comprehensive description of the
volcanological, petrological and geochemical features of the Poas
Volcano (Costa Rica), one of the most active volcanic systems in
Central America and part of the Central America Volcanic Arc
(CAVA). Poas Volcano hosts a unique sulfur lake, which actually is
one of the world's most acidic lakes, and has experienced molten
sulfur eruptions. Past investigations, current monitoring
activities and planned programs of investigation into lessening of
the volcanic hazard are reported here. Specific sections of the
monograph will be devoted to the impact of this volcano on the
social, agricultural and industrial activities in the area. Legends
and popular traditions related to this volcano will be described in
the last chapter to round up a complete scientific review on this
unique volcanic system.
"Earthquakes and Coseismic Surface Faulting on the Iranian
Plateau" is a comprehensive and well-illustrated multi-disciplinary
research work that analyzes the human and physical aspects of the
active faults and large-magnitude earthquakes since ancient times
on the Iranian Plateau. The long-term historical, archaeological,
and sociological record of earthquakes discussed here gives insight
into earthquake magnitudes, recurrences, fault segmentation,
clustering, and patterns of coseismic ruptures from prehistoric
times to the present. The first part of the book examines oral
traditions and literature of the region concerned with earthquakes,
particularly in folklore, epic literature, and theology. The second
part assesses dynamic phenomena associated with earthquakes,
including active tectonics, archaeoseismicity, and coseismic
surface faulting throughout the twentieth century.
This work is a valuable technical survey and an essential
reference for understanding seismic hazard analysis and earthquake
risk minimization in earthquake-prone developing and developed
countries throughout the world.
Provides a reference for seismic hazard evaluation and analysis
Covers data dealing with crustal deformations caused by earthquake
faulting and folding since historic timesPresents unique and
complete data for use in empirical relation analyses in all
regions
Presenting current approaches in observational and computational
seismology, this book introduces advanced methods and techniques by
means of case studies in earthquake research. Among others these
include solving inverse seismologic problems, tomography for
structure imaging, characterizing fault damage and healing,
seismicity analysis for determining pre-shock moment release, and
coupled solid-fluid models.
Authored by a geophysicist with more than 50 years of experience
in research and instruction, "Reflection Seismology: Theory, Data
Processing and Interpretation" provides a single source of
foundational knowledge in reflection seismology principles and
theory. Reflection seismology has a broad range of applications and
is used primarily by the oil and gas industry to provide
high-resolution maps and build a coherent geological story from
maps of processed seismic reflections. Combined with seismic
attribute analysis and other exploration geophysics tools, it aids
geologists and geo-engineers in creating geological models of areas
of exploration and extraction interest. Yet as important as
reflection seismology is to the hydrocarbon industry, it s
difficult to find a single source that synthesizes the topic
without having to wade through numerous journal articles from a
range of different publishers. This book is a one-stop source of
reflection seismology theory, helping scientists navigates through
the wealth of new data processing techniques that have emerged in
recent years.
Provides geoscientists and geo-engineers with a theoretical
framework for navigating the rapid emergence of new data processing
techniquesPresents a single source of reflection seismology content
instead of a scattering of disparate journal articlesFeatures more
than 100 figures, illustrations, and working examples to aid the
reader in retaining key conceptsArms geophysicists and
geo-engineers with a solid foundation in seismic wave equation
analysis and interpretation"
Teide Volcano has many different meanings: For the Guanche
aborigines, who endured several of its eruptions, it was Echeide
(Hell). Early navigators had in Teide, a lifesaving widely visible
landmark that was towering over the clouds. For the first
explorers, Teide was a challenging and dangerous climb, since it
was thought that Teide's peak was so high that from its summit the
sun was too close and far too hot to survive. Teide was considered
the highest mountain in the world at that time and measuring its
height precisely was a great undertaking and at the time of global
scientific significance. For von Buch, von Humboldt, Lyell and
other great 18th and19th century naturalists, Teide helped to shape
a new and now increasingly 'volcanic' picture, where the origin of
volcanic rocks (from solidified magma) slowly casted aside
Neptunism and removed some of the last barriers for the development
of modern Geology and Volcanology as the sciences we know today.
For the present day population of Tenerife, living on top of the
world's third tallest volcanic structure on the planet, Teide has
actually become "Padre Teide", a fatherly protector and an
emblematic icon of Tenerife, not to say of the Canaries as a whole.
The UNESCO acknowledged this iconic and complex volcano, as "of
global importance in providing evidence of the geological processes
that underpin the evolution of oceanic islands". Today, 'Teide
National Park' boasts 4 Million annual visitors including many
'volcano spotters' and is a spectacular natural environment which
most keep as an impression to treasure and to never forget. For us,
the editors of this book, Teide is all of the above; a 'hell of a
job', a navigation point on cloudy days, a challenge beyond
imagination, a breakthrough in our understanding of oceanic
volcanism that has shaped our way of thinking about volcanoes, and
lastly, Teide provides us with a reference point from where to
start exploring other oceanic volcanoes in the Canaries and beyond.
Here we have compiled the different aspects and the current
understanding of this natural wonder.
The first work of its kind, "Volcanic Reservoirs in Petroleum
Exploration" summarizes the current research and exploration
techniques of volcanic reservoirs as a source of oil and gas. With
a specific focus on the geological features and development
characteristics of volcanic reservoirs in China, it presents a
series of practical exploration and evaluation techniques based on
this research. Authored by an award-winning petroleum geologist, it
introduces exploration and outcome prediction techniques that can
be used by scientists in any volcanic region worldwide.
Volcanic reservoirs as new sources of petroleum resources are a
hot topic in petroleum exploration. Although volcanic rock cannot
generate hydrocarbons, it can serve as a reservoir for hydrocarbons
when conditions permit. This book explains the differences between
volcanic reservoirs and other major reservoir types, and describes
effective methods for examining volcanic distribution and
predicting volcanic reservoirs, providing a framework for
systematic studies throughout the world.
Includes an entire section dedicated to current trends in volcanic
prediction and evaluation technologyMore than 90 full-color photos
illustrate the text in greater detailCase studies conclude each
chapter, helping scientists apply the book's concepts to real-life
scenarios
This edited volume is an up-to-date guide for students, policy
makers and engineers on earthquake engineering, including methods
and technologies for seismic hazard detection and mitigation. The
book was written in honour of the late Professor Jai Krishna, who
was a pioneer in teaching and research in the field of earthquake
engineering in India during his decades-long work at the University
of Roorkee (now the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee). The
book comprehensively covers the historical development of
earthquake engineering in India, and uses this background knowledge
to address the need for current advances in earthquake engineering,
especially in developing countries. After discussing the history
and growth of earthquake engineering in India from the past 50
years, the book addresses the present status of earthquake
engineering in regards to the seismic resistant designs of bridges,
buildings, railways, and other infrastructures. Specific topics
include response spectrum superposition methods, design philosophy,
system identification approaches, retaining walls, and shallow
foundations. Readers will learn about developments in earthquake
engineering over the past 50 years, and how new methods and
technologies can be applied towards seismic risk and hazard
identification and mitigation.
This book presents an analysis of our current knowledge on the
origin of the Earth's continental crust. There are two aspects to
consider: tectonic and igneous processes. Tectonic aspects include
sedimentary accretion, terrane accretion, and continental collision
at continental margins, in association with plate subduction. These
processes result in the formation of large mountain belts, the
building up of which literally grows the continents. However, these
tectonic aspects are concerned with material recycling within the
crust, and hence do not contribute to volumetric growth of
continental crust. Igneous processes concern separation of
continental crust from the mantle and result in the volumetric
growth of continental crust. Therefore, the main focus of this book
is to systematically examine why and how the Earth's continental
crust forms, by evaluating magmatic processes at island arcs where
new continental crust forms.
The book covers multi-disciplinary topics in observational,
computational and applied geophysics in aspects of solid earth
system. The authors provide an up-to-date overview for methods and
techniques in seismology, with a focus on fault structure, strong
ground motion and earthquake forecast based on full-3D earth
structure models. Abundant of case studies make it a practical
reference for researchers in seismology and applied geophysics.
This analysis of the aftermath of earthquakes in Japan, Turkey and
India reveals important insights into how the outcome of each was
affected by the different styles of state-society relationships.
Using a comparative approach the book also seeks to draw out
patterns and lessons that can be applied more generally to
societies in the aftermath of such events. The result is a
groundbreaking work that will be of major importance to all those
whose work involves them in dealing with the aftermath of disasters
and major conflict
The critically acclaimed serialized review journal for over 50
years, "Advances in Geophysics" is a highly respected publication
in the field of geophysics. Since 1952, each volume has been
eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers
and reviewers alike. Now in its 52nd volume, it contains much
material still relevant today--truly an essential publication for
researchers in all fields of geophysics.
The dynamics of the earthquake rupture process are closely related
to fault zone properties which the authors have intensively
investigated by various observations in the field as well as by
laboratory experiments. These include geological investigation of
the active and fossil faults, physical and chemical features
obtained by the laboratory experiments, as well as the
seismological estimation from seismic waveforms. Earthquake dynamic
rupture can now be modeled using numerical simulations on the basis
of field and laboratory observations, which should be very useful
for understanding earthquake rupture dynamics.
Features:
* First overview of new and improved techniques in the study of
earthquake faulting
* Broad coverage
* Full color
Benefits:
* A must-have for all geophysicists who work on earthquake
dynamics
* Single resource for all aspects of earthquake dynamics (from lab
measurements to seismological observations to numerical
modelling)
* Bridges the disciplines of seismology, structural geology and
rock mechanics
* Helps readers to understand and interpret graphs and maps
Also has potential use as a supplementary resource for upper
division and graduate geophysics courses.
This volume aims at providing answers to some puzzling questions
concerning the formation and the behavior of collapse calderas by
exploring our current understanding of these complex geological
processes. Addressed are problems such as:
- How do collapse calderas form?
- What are the conditions to create fractures and slip along them
to initiate caldera collapse and when are these conditions
fulfilled?
- How do these conditions relate to explosive volcanism?
- Most products of large caldera-forming eruptions show evidence
for pre-eruptive reheating. Is this a pre-requisite to produce
large volume eruptions and large calderas?
- What are the time-scales behind caldera processes?
- How long does it take magma to reach conditions ripe enough to
generate a caldera-forming eruption?
- What is the mechanical behavior of magma chamber walls during
caldera collapse? Elastic, viscoelastic, or rigid?
- Do calderas form by underpressure following a certain level of
magma withdrawal from a reservoir, or by magma chamber loading due
to deep doming (underplating), or both?
- How to interpret unrest signals in active caldera systems?
- How can we use information from caldera monitoring to forecast
volcanic phenomena?
In the form of 14 contributions from various disciplines this book
samples the state-of-the-art of caldera studies and identifies
still unresolved key issues that need dedicated cross-boundary and
multidisciplinary efforts in the years to come.
* International contributions from leading experts
* Updates and informs on all the latest developments
* Highlights hot topic areas and indentifies and analyses
unresolved key issues
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