Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, Second Edition gives extensive information on the microorganisms involved in the biodegradation of materials, along with the biocides which are permitted for use according to the most up-to-date worldwide legislation. Mechanisms of biodegradation and biodeterioration, results of biodeterioration, and methods of biostabilization are covered for a large number of products, making the title relevant for a range of industries and applications, including construction, coatings/paints, medical and pharmaceutical applications, and electronics. In addition, the health and safety aspects of biocide application are covered in detail, as well as the personal protection of practitioners who are required to use them. The contents and the most-up-to-date information make this book essential for almost all the fields of applied chemistry.

This book highlights novel materials for dye-containing wastewater treatment and presents an up-to-date information on dye degradation/adsorption using new promising materials such as nanocomposites. Development of various industrial sectors, including textile, food, paper, leather, rubber, cosmetic and printing has led to generation of wastewater which contain dye molecules as well as other inorganic and organic compounds. Considering serious health hazards and environmental damage associated with dyes in the environment, researchers and professionals have been attempting to find the most effective methods of treatment. Of late, various composites have received wide attention due to their outstanding properties in wastewater treatment, that are presented in this book.

This book provides recent developments and future perspectives of pulp and paper processing based on biotechnology to replace conventional environmental unfriendly chemical processes. The use of microorganism and microbial enzymes in various processes such as bleaching, deinking, refining, dissolving pulp, debarking & pitch removal, slime control, wastewater treatment and waste material valorisation are discussed.

Low-pressure (MF and UF) membranes can remove nearly all microbial pathogens as long as the integrity of the membranes remains intact. Membrane integrity testing identifies tiny defects in MF and UF membranes. The book describes various methods for membrane integrity testing. You will learn the types and causes of integrity breaches, tests to discover them, and how to establish a membrane integrity testing program.To comply with disinfection regulations, utilities using low-pressure membranes for drinking water treatment must validate and verify the removal efficiency of the targeted contaminant through integrity testing. Owners and operators of water treatment systems that use MF or UF membranes should use the testing methods described in this book to protect public health.

This book aims to structure, in a complete and sequential way, the mainstream technical knowledge which is related to eutrophication control. The book considers the development of innovative technologies for phosphate removal, while supporting the restoration of currently degraded lakes and reservoir systems. In addition, this book contains key-aspects of future benchmark interests being specially framed under the ongoing development of a circular economy. In particular, the book will contribute to a better understanding of the problem of internal P-loads and P-sources disposition towards a more effective control of nutrients' enrichment in lakes. The chemical routes and environmental fate of such lake nutrients will be viewed in the light of innovative technologies (engineering dimensions) and circular economy perspectives (economics dimensions). The main theme extends to an economic appreciation of environmental polluted aquifers. The book will appeal to an interdisciplinary audience, covering a wide spectrum of scientific fields, such as environment, physical chemistry, surface chemistry, interfacial phenomena, coastal engineering, bio-engineering, environmental policy makers, and economists.

A heavy backlog of gaseous, liquid, and solid pollution has resulted from a lack of development in pollution control. Because of this, a need for a collection of original research in water and wastewater treatment, industrial waste management, and soil and ground water pollution exists. Advanced Treatment Techniques for Industrial Wastewater is an innovative collection of research that covers the different aspects of environmental engineering in water and wastewater treatment processes as well as the different techniques and systems for pollution management. Highlighting a range of topics such as agriculture pollution, hazardous waste management, and sewage farming, this book is an important reference for environmental engineers, waste authorities, solid waste management companies, landfill operators, legislators, environmentalists, and academicians seeking research on waste management.

This book reviews principles, techniques and applications of metal, metal oxides, metal sulfides and metal-organic frameworks for removal and degradation of pollutants. Natural materials are often much more advanced than synthetic materials in terms of circularity and are functional, often biodegradable, recyclable and generate little waste. They are, therefore, a source of inspiration for new synthetic materials. In particular, recent research has focused on various types of functional materials such as organic, inorganic, nanostructured and composites for the remediation of environmental pollution.

CONTENTS Chapter - 1. Introduction; Chapter - 2. Characteristics of Cotton Textile Processing Effluents; Sizing; Desizing; Scouring; Bleaching; Mercerizing; Dyeing; Printing; Finishing; Combined Effluent; Chapter - 3. Treatment of Cotton Textile Processing Effluents Chapter - 4. Charactristics and Treatment of Synthetic Textile Processing Effluents; Process and Characteristics of Effluents; Treatment; Chapter - 5. Knit Fabric Finishing; Chapter - 6. Characteristics and Treatment of Woollen Textile Processing Effluents; Chapter - 7. Recent Trends in Textile Waste Water Management; Chapter - 8. Reduction of Pollution Load; Waste segregation; Recovery & Reuse of Sizes and Other Chemicals; Substitution of Low-Pollution Load Chemicals; Judicious use of chemicals; Process changes; Economy in Water use; Chapter - 9. Recovery and Reuse of Sizes, Dyes and Other Chemicals; Recovery of PVA and other Sizing agents; Caustic soda Recovery; Recovery of Dyes; Reuse of Ozonated Dyebath; Recovery of Other Valuable materials; Recovery of Heat; Chapter - 10. Recycling and Reuse of Waste Water; Chapter - 11. Conservation and Reuse of Water; Part - II.TREATMENT METHODS; Chapter - 12 Treatment Methods - An Introduction; Chapter - 13. Preliminary and Primary Treatments; Screening; Equalization; Neutralization; Neutralization of Acidic Wastes; Neutralization of Alkaline Wastes; Coagulation; Coagulants; Auxiliary chemicals; Flocculation - Aids; Coagulation & Flocculation Equipments; Merits & Demerits of Coagulation; Sedimentation; Floatation (Dissolved Air Floatation); Chapter - 14. Secondary Biological Treatment; Activated Sludge Process; Trickling Filtration; Aerated Lagoons; Oxidation Ponds; Anaerobic Digestion; Sludge Disposal; Removal of Interfering Substances; Chapter - 15. Tertiary Treatment; Multimedia Filtration; Chemical Coagulation; Chemical Precipitation; Disinfection; Ozonation; Activated Carbon Adsorption; Membrane Technology; Dialysis / Electro Dialysis; Evaporation; Chapter - 16.Advanced Methods for the Treatment of Textile Processing Waste Water; Advanced Oxidation Processes; Ozone Treatment; Adsorption; Membrane Technology; Dialysis / Electrodialysis; Ion Exchange; Evaporation; Crystallization; Freezing; Some Patented Technics for Color Removal; Bio-mass based Technologies; Cutting-EdgeTreatment Methods; Chapter - 17. Advanced Oxidation Processes; Non-Photo chemical Methods; Ozonation; Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide Process; Fenton Method; Homogeneous Photochemical Oxidation Processes; Vacuum-UV Photo Oxidation; UV and Ozone; UV and Hydrogen Peroxide; UV, Ozone and Hydrogen Peroxide; Photo Fenton Method; Heterogeneous Photochemical Oxidation Processes; Chapter - 18. Ozone Treatment; Reactions of Ozone in Waste Water Treatment; Oxidative Reactions and Color Removal; BOD Reduction; Sludge Reduction; Advancements in Ozone Treatment; Chapter - 19. Activated Carbon Adsorption; Chapter - 20. Membrane Technology; Micro Filtration; Ultra Filtration; Nano Filtration; Reverse Osmosis; Disc and Tube Module; Membrane Bio-Reactors; Part - III. ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE PROCESSING EFFLUENTS; Chapter - 21 Purpose of Examination; Chapter - 22.Collection of Waste Water samples; Chapter - 23. Recording of Results; Chapter - 24. Analytical Methods - Important Notes; Chapter - 25. Parameters to be determined on Textile Processing Effluents; Chapter - 26. General Physico-Chemical Measurements; Chapter - 27. Measurement of Organic Pollution; Chapter - 28. Inorganic Constituents - Non Metallics; Chapter - 29. Inorganic Constituents - Metals; Chapter - 30. Miscellaneous Determination; Appendix; Index

Part 5 of the 5-part Principles and Practices of Water Supply Operations (WSO), this text provides a practical education in mathematics, hydraulics, chemistry, and electricity. Hundreds of problems and examples are included to relate these sciences specifically to municipal water supply operations. This book is referenced in the four other textbooks in the series. It is a required text when used with other WSO series texts, but may be used alone as a basic science text. Designed for self study or classroom use, the Fourth Edition provides many new problems and examples. Includes glossary, index, conversion tables, periodic table of the elements, and color plates.

Achieving environmental sustainability with rapid industrialization is a major challenge of current scenario worldwide. As globally evident, industries are the key economic drivers, but are also the major polluters as untreated/partially treated effluents discharged from the industries is usually thrown into the aquatic resources and also dumped unattended. Industrial effluents are considered as the major sources of environmental pollution as these contains highly toxic and hazardous pollutants, which reaches far off areas due to the medium of dispersion and thus, create ecological nuisance and health hazards in living beings. Hence, there is an urgent to find ecofriendly solution to deal with industrial waste, and develop sustainable methods for treating/detoxifying wastewater before its release into the environment. Being a low cost and eco-friendly clean technology, bioremediation can be a sustainable alternative to conventional remediation technologies for treatment and management of industrial wastes to protect public health and environment. Therefore, this book (Volume I) covers the bioremediation of different industrial wastes viz. tannery wastewater, pulp and paper mill wastewater, distillery wastewater, acid mine tailing wastes, and many more; which are lacking in a comprehensive manner in previous literature at one place. A separate chapter dedicated to major industries and type of waste produced by them is also included. This book will appeal to students, researchers, scientists, industry persons and professionals in field of microbiology, biotechnology, environmental sciences, eco-toxicology, environmental remediation and waste management and other relevant areas, who aspire to work on the biodegradation and bioremediation of industrial wastes for environmental safety.

Healthy environment is important for any kind of biota on earth. It provides the basic elements of life such as clean water, fresh air, fertile soil and supports ecosystem of the food chain. Pollution drastically alters quality of the environment by changing the physico-chemical and biological aspects of these components. Accordingly, toxic metals, combustible and putrescible substances, hazardous wastes, explosives and petroleum products are all examples of inorganic and organic compounds that cause contaminations. Specifically, pollution of toxic and heavy metal in the environment is a growing problem worldwide, currently at an alarming rate. Toxic metals threaten the aquatic ecosystems, agriculture and ultimately human health. Traditional treatment techniques offer certain advantages such as rapid processing, ease of operation and control and flexibility. But, they could not maintain the quality of the environment due to the high operational costs of chemicals used, high energy consumption and handling costs for sludge disposal and overburden of chemical substances which irreversibly affect and destroy biodiversity, which ultimately render the soil useless as a medium for plant growth. Therefore, bioremediation and biotechnology, carried out by living assets to clean up, stabilize and restore contaminated ecosystems, have emerged as promising, environmental friendly and affordable approaches. Furthermore, the use of microbes, algae, transgenic plants and weeds adapted to stressful environments could be employed to enhance accumulation efficiency. Hence, sustainable and inexpensive processes are fast emerging as a viable alternative to conventional remediation methods, and will be most suitable for developing countries. In the current volume, we discuss pollution remediation challenges and how living organisms and the latest biotechnological techniques could be helpful in remediating the pollution in ecofriendly and sustainable ways.

With the advancement of new technologies, existing wastewater treatment units need to be reexamined to make them more efficient and to release the load currently placed on them. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop and adopt the latest design methodology to determine and remove harmful impurities from water sources. Advanced Design of Wastewater Treatment Plants: Emerging Research and Opportunities is a critical scholarly resource that explores the design of various units of wastewater treatment plants and treatment technologies that can produce reusable quality water from wastewater. The book covers topics that include the basic philosophy of wastewater treatment, designing principles of various wastewater treatment units, conventional treatment systems, and advanced treatment processes. It is an integral reference source for engineers, environmentalists, waste authorities, solid waste management companies, landfill operators, legislators, researchers, and academicians.