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Developments in Ionic Polymers-2 (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1986)
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Developments in Ionic Polymers-2 (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1986)
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Ionic polymers, like elephants, are easier to recognise than to
define. Several methods of classification have been attempted but
none is wholly satisfactory because of the extreme diversity of
ionic polymers, which range from the organic, water-soluble
polyelectrolytes, through hydrogels and ionomer carboxylate
rubbers, to the almost infusible inorganic silicate minerals. For
this reason, a general classification is not only difficult, but
has minimal utility. However, there are some characteristics of
these materials that should be highlighted. The role of counterions
is the significant one. These ions, either singly or as clusters,
take part in the formation of ionic bonds which have a varying
structural role. Often they act as crosslinks, but in the
halato-polymers the ionic bonds form an integral part of the
polymer backbone itself. Conversely, in polymers contain ing
covalent crosslinks, such as the ion-exchange resins, the coun
terions have virtually no structural role to play, since they dwell
in cage-like structures without affecting the crosslinking, and are
readily exchanged. They are, perhaps, best described as
ion-containing polymers rather than structural ionic polymers.
Another crucial factor is the role of water in ionic polymers. The
presence of ionic bonds means that there is a tendency for these
materials to interact with water. Where the ionic polymer contains
a high proportion of ionic units, it acts as a hydrogel and may be
highly soluble. Such interactions with water decrease sharply as
the ionic content is reduced, though even then water can act as a
plasticiser."
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