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Books > Science & Mathematics > Chemistry > Organic chemistry > Polymer chemistry
This book is focused on recent progress in the dynamically
developing field of controlled/living radical polymerization. It is
a sequel to ACS Symposium Series 685, 768, 854, and 944. The volume
contains 24 chapters on other controlled/living radical
polymerization techniques including kinetics and mechanism of RAFT,
DT, NMP, and OMRP, macromolecular architecture by RAFT, DT, and
NMP, materials prepared by RAFT and NMP, and industriral aspects of
RAFT and NMP.
This book is focused on recent progress in the dynamically
developing field of controlled/living radical polymerization. It is
a sequel to ACS Symposium Series 685, 768, 854, and 944. Volume
1023 contains 26 chapters on mechanistic, synthetic and materials
aspects of ATRP. Volume 1024 contains 24 chapters on other
controlled/living radical polymerization techniques.
This volume consists of written chapters taken from the
presentations at the symposium "100+ Years of Plastics: Leo
Baekeland and Beyond," held March 22, 2010, at the 239th ACS
National Meeting in San Francisco. The symposium celebrates the
100th anniversary of the formation of General Bakelite Corp., which
was preceded by Leo Baekland's synthesis of Bakelite in 1907 and
the unveiling of the Bakelite process in 1909. It is quite
reasonable to use the synthesis of Bakelite as the starting point
of the Age of Plastics. Indeed, Time magazine in its June 14, 1999,
issue on the 100 most influential people of the 20th century chose
Leo Baekeland and his Bakelite synthesis as the sole representative
of chemistry.
Leo Baekeland and Bakelite are the topics of the first four
chapters of this volume. The first two chapters come from the
perspective of Baekeland family members. Carl Kaufmann is related
to the Baekeland family through marriage and is the author of the
only full-length biography of Baekeland, published as a master's
thesis from the University of Delaware. As a family member Kaufmann
had access to all of Baekeland's papers. This first chapter (Leo H.
Baekeland) is not only a biographical sketch, but an exploration of
Baekeland's effect on the chemical industry. Hugh Karraker is
Baekeland's great-grandson, and his chapter (A Portrait of Leo H.
Baekeland) provides a family picture of the great inventor. Gary
Patterson's chapter (Materia Polymerica: Bakelite) goes into the
history of Bakelite chemistry, while Burkhard Wagner's contribution
(Leo Baekeland's Legacy-100 Years of Plastics) covers the history
of Bakelite manufacture through time and space, finishing with a
description of another Baekeland legacy, the Baekeland Award given
through the North Jersey Section of the ACS.
In later chapters, Les Sperling (History of Interpenetrating
Polymer Networks Starting with Bakelite-Based Compositions) covers
the improvements in interpenetrating networks. James Economy and Z.
Parkar (Historical Perspectives on Phenolic Resins and
High-Temperature Aromatic Polyesters of p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid and
Their Copolyesters) follow the paths of resoles, novolaks, and
related chemicals.
This ACS Symposium Series is the product of a symposium held at the
241st National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in Anaheim,
CA on March 27-31, 2011. It includes chapters on new biobased
building blocks such as the furandicarboxylic acid, polyesters and
polyamides from adipic, succinic and sebacic acids with aliphatic
diols such as 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol,
1,12-dodecylenediol and isosorbide. The conversion of
hydroxymethylfurfural, the dehydration product of hexose sugars, to
succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol to produce poly(butylene
succinate) is described in one chapter. Also the synthesis of new
polymers from plant-derived olefinic monomers such as tulipalin A
and studies of composites from cotton by-products are featured in
other chapters. There is a strong emphasis on biocatalytic
synthesis and polymerization within the book. Chapter topics
include the synthesis of ?-hydroxyfatty acids and polymers
therefrom, an interesting discussion on the structural differences
of the products of the biocatalytic and chemical catalytic
synthesis of polyesters from oleic diacid and glycerol and the
ability to produce polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA-PHA copolyesters
within a "microbial cell factory". Other areas of interest explored
in other chapters include recent developments of biobased polymer
fibers and oleate-based pressure sensitive adhesives and
composites. One chapter describes a large increase in cold-drawn
fiber tensile strength by the blending of a small amount of
ultrahigh molecular weight (MW) poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) with a much
lower MW 3-hydroxybutyrate polymer. The addition of a rubber and
inorganic fillers to normally brittle PLA was found to dramatically
improve its ductility. Finally, there are several chapters on seed
oil-based polyurethanes, one on fibers from soy proteins and
composites from starch.
This book will explore our forests as the most readily available
and renewable source of carbon as well as the building block of
chemicals, plastics, and pharmaceuticals as the next 100 years
gradually push consumers toward alternate sources of chemicals.
Meeting these needs from trees requires that new chemistry be
developed so that plant materials is converted to commodity
chemicals. This focused discussion on ongoing global efforts at
creativity using forest and biomass based renewable materials will
include six different mechanisms for bringing about change on this
very innovative topic.
The world-wide sales of polysiloxanes or silicones at the beginning
of this new millennium is approximately $10 billion per year.
Commercial products range from those entirely composed of silicone
to products where the silicone is a low level but key component.
This symposium covered the recent academic and technological
developments behind silicones and silicone-modified materials and
the sessions were well attended of wide interest to both the
academic and industrial communities. The papers from our two highly
successful symposia in this important area were published in the
books Silicones and Silicone-Modified Materials, (Eds. S. J.
Clarson, J. J. Fitzgerald, M. J. Owen and S. D. Smith), ACS
Symposium Series Vol. 729 / Oxford University Press, 2000, ISBN
0-8412-3613-5 and Synthesis and Properties of Silicones and
Silicone-Modified Materials, (Eds. S. J. Clarson, J. J. Fitzgerald,
M. J. Owen, S. D. Smith and M. E. Van Dyke), ACS Symposium Series
Vol 838 / Oxford University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-8412-3804-9
Polymeric materials have been and continue to be a focus of
research in the development of materials for energy conversion,
storage and delivery applications (fuel cells, batteries,
photovoltaics, capacitors, etc.). Significant growth in this field
started in the early 1990s and has continued to grow quite
substantially since that time. Polymeric materials now have a
prominent place in energy research.
For polymers, particularly polyelectrolytes, being used in fuel
cell and battery applications, the importance of chain
microstructure, chain dynamics, and nanoscale morphology on the
overall performance characteristics of these materials cannot be
overstated. As further advancements are made in polymer chemistry,
control of nanostructure and characterization, there is a necessity
for organized forums that foster cross-fertilization of knowledge
and ideas between experts in polymer chemistry, chemical
engineering, and polymer physics. This volume is the result of such
a forum.
Most of the chapters in this book are based on a cross-section of
the oral presentations in a symposium on Polymers for Energy
Storage and Delivery held in March of 2011 as part of the 241st ACS
National Meeting & Exposition (Anaheim, CA). The book contains
17 chapters presented in two parts. Part one focuses on polymers
for battery applications and will cover theory and modeling, novel
materials, and materials characterization. Professor Janna Maranas
has provided an excellent review of the current state of
understanding in polyelectrolytes as ion conductors in batteries.
Part two will focus on polymers for fuel cells and will cover novel
materials, transport, and materials characterization with a brief
introduction into the history of polyelectrolytes for fuel cells
and the classes of materials being pursued. Realizing the common
role that nanostructure plays in both battery and fuel cell
applications, Professor Moon Jeong Park and coworkers have also
contributed a chapter demonstrating the role of nanostructured
polyelectrolyte systems in energy storage and delivery. In
addition, the editors are pleased to have a chapter-contributed by
Professor Howard Wang and staff scientists of the NIST Center for
Neutron Research-on the most state-of-art, in-situ neutron methods
for studying lithium ion batteries.
The book gives an overview of the current state-of-the-art
concerning the activation and dissolution of cellulose in a broad
variety of solvents. Research on this topic can lead to new
pathways for the utilization of the most abundant terrestrial
biomolecule and may therefore be the basis for new green strategies
towards advanced materials. Leading scientists in the field show
different conceptions for the solubilization of cellulose. The long
history and groundbreaking developments in the field of polymer
chemistry, which are related to this subject, have lead to timely
alternatives to already established methods. In addition to
discussing attempts for the optimization of known dissolving
procedures, this book also details new solvent systems. New
solvents include inorganic and organic salt melts (ionic liquids),
new aqueous media, multi-component organic solvents and the
dissolution under partial derivatization of the polysaccharide. The
opportunities and the limitations of the solvents are demonstrated,
with a particular emphasis on the stability of the solutions and a
possible recycling of the solvent components.
This book illustrates that the new procedures for cellulose
dissolution can lead to a huge number of unconventional
superstructures of regenerated cellulose material, such as fibers
and polymer layers with a thickness in the nanometer range or
aerogels, i.e. regenerates with a highly porous character and a
large surface. Moreover, cellulose blends can be generated via
solutions. The book also contains chapters that show the amazing
potential of solvents for defined modification reactions on the
cellulose backbone. On one hand, it is possible to synthesize known
cellulose derivatives with new substitution patterns both on the
basis of the repeating unit and along the polymer chain. On the
other hand, completely new derivatives are presented which are
hardly accessible via heterogeneous reactions. Consequently, the
book is intended to give a comprehensive overview of procedures for
dissolution of cellulose. It is of interest for scientists new in
the field but is also a timely summary of trends for experts who
are looking for new approaches for problems related to cellulose
shaping or chemical modification.
Polymeric materials play an essential and ubiquitous role in many
fields including structural and packaging materials, drug
development, tissue engineering, wastewater treatment, pollutant
removal, separation, water purification, smart agriculture, and
even road and building construction. This book contains eleven
comprehensive chapters covering topics from deriving polymers from
natural resources or wastes to developing novel functional
polymeric materials in the form of membranes, hydrogels, foams,
nanocomposites for various environmental applications. This book
also discusses the utilization of waste plastics and the challenges
and progress made in recycling and reusing commercially viable
polymers. Such information is valuable and accelerates
technological progress. Each chapter further gives the current
fabrication methodology, challenges, and future scope of these
materials related to their environmental applications. Thus anyone
working on polymer-based materials will benefit from the
comprehensive knowledge presented in this book on novel polymeric
materials and their various environmental applications.
This book is the first volume in a two-volume compilation on
controlled/living radical polymerization. It combines all important
aspects of controlled radical polymerization: from synthetic
procedures, to rational selection of reaction components, to
understanding of the reaction mechanisms, to materials and
applications.
This book is focused on recent progress in the rapidly developing
field of controlled/living radical polymerization. It is a sequel
to ACS Symposium Series 685, 768, 854, 944, 1023, and 1024. Volume
1100 deals with the mechanistic aspects of controlled radical
polymerization and describes the recent advances in the most
important techniques, whereas Volume 1101 contains chapters on new
materials prepared by controlled radical polymerization as well as
applications of these materials.
This book highlights current advanced developments in bioepoxy and
bioepoxy/clay nanocomposites and an optimisation of material
formulation and processing parameters on fabrication of
bioepoxy/clay nanocomposites in order to achieve the highest
mechanical properties in relation to their morphological
structures, thermal properties, as well as biodegradability and
water absorption, which is based on the use of Taguchi design of
experiments with the consideration of technical and economical
point of view. It also elaborates holistic theoretical modelling of
tensile properties of such bionanocomposites with respect to the
effect of contents of nanoclay fillers and epoxydised soybean oil
(ESO).
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Hydrogels
(Hardcover)
Sajjad Haider, Adnan Haider
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R3,518
Discovery Miles 35 180
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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Global trends suggest that 21st-century science and technology will
be nanoscale, as traditional technologies have exhausted the
potential for miniaturizing individual elements, prompting the
search for alternative pathways. Nanophase materials science
differs from the traditional one not only by the creation of
fundamentally new materials, but also by processes that take place
at the atomic and molecular levels, monolayers, and nano volumes.
Polymer-Inorganic Nanostructured Composites Based on Amorphous
Silica, Layered Silicates, and Polyionenes is devoted to the
development of physical and chemical principles of technology for
polymer-inorganic nanostructured composites based on amorphous
silica, layered silicates, and polyionenes to use the creation of
composites for technical purposes. Covering topics such as fractal
structure, phosphoric-organic compounds, and proton conductance,
this premier reference source is an essential resource for
chemists, engineers, students, and educators of higher education,
researchers, and academicians.
Fluoropolymers continue to enable new materials and technologies as
a result of their remarkable properties. This book reviews
fluoropolymer platforms of established commercial interest, as well
as recently discovered methods for the preparation and processing
of new fluorinated materials. It covers the research and
development of fluoropolymer synthesis, characterization, and
processing. Emphasis is placed on emerging technologies in optics,
space exploration, fuel cells, microelectronics, gas separation
membranes, biomedical instrumentation, and much more. In addition,
the book covers the current environmental concerns associated with
fluoropolymers, as well as relevant regulations and potential
growth opportunities. Concepts, studies, and new discoveries are
taken from leading international laboratories, including academia,
government, and industrial institutions.
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Cellulose
(Hardcover)
Alejandro Rodriguez Pascual, Maria E. Eugenio Martin
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R3,485
Discovery Miles 34 850
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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This book introduces the physics and chemistry of plastic
scintillators (fluorescent polymers) that are able to emit light
when exposed to ionizing radiation, discussing their chemical
modification in the early 1950s and 1960s, as well as the renewed
upsurge in interest in the 21st century. The book presents
contributions from various researchers on broad aspects of plastic
scintillators, from physics, chemistry, materials science and
applications, covering topics such as the chemical nature of the
polymer and/or the fluorophores, modification of the photophysical
properties (decay time, emission wavelength) and loading of
additives to make the material more sensitive to, e.g., fast
neutrons, thermal neutrons or gamma rays. It also describes the
benefits of recent technological advances for plastic
scintillators, such as nanomaterials and quantum dots, which allow
features that were previously not achievable with regular organic
molecules or organometallics.
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