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Human Rights and the End of Empire - Britain and the Genesis of the European Convention (Paperback)
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Human Rights and the End of Empire - Britain and the Genesis of the European Convention (Paperback)
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The European Convention on Human Rights, which came into force in
1953 after signature, in 1950, established the most effective
system for the international protection of human rights which has
yet conme into existence anywhere in the world. Since the collapse
of communism it has come to be extended to the countries of central
and eastern Europe, and some seven hundred million people now, at
least in principle, live under its protection. It remains far and
away the most significant achievement of the Council of Europe,
which was established in 1949, and was the first product of the
postwar movement for European integration. It has now at last been
incorporated into British domestic law. Nothing remotely resembling
the surrender of sovereignty required by accession to the
Convention had ever previously been accepted by governments. There
exists no published account which relates the signature and
ratification of the Convention to the political history of the
period, or which gives an account of the processes of negotiation
which produced it. This book, which is based on extensive use of
archival material, therefore breaks entirely new ground. The
British government, working through the Foreign Office, played a
central role in the postwar human rights movement, first of all in
the United Nations, and then in the Council of Europe; the context
in which the negotiations took place was affected both by the cold
war and by conflicts with the anti-colonial movement, as well as by
serious conflicts within the British governmental machine. The book
tells the story of the Convention up to 1966, the date at which
British finally accepted the right of individual petition and the
jurisdiction of the Strasbourg Court of Human Rights. It explores
in detail the significance of the Convention for Britain as a major
colonial power in the declining years of Empire, and provides the
first full account of the first cases brought under the Convention,
which were initiated by Greece against Britain over the
insurrection in Cyprus in the 1950s. It also provides the first
account based on archival materials of the use of the Convention in
the independence constitutions of colonial territories.
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