In response to mounting debt crises and macroeconomic
instability in the 1980s, many countries in the developing world
adopted neoliberal policies promoting the unfettered play of market
forces and deregulation of the economy and attempted large-scale
structural adjustment, including the privatization of public-sector
industries. How much influence did various societal groups have on
this transition to a market economy, and what explains the
variances in interest-group influence across countries?
In this book, Agnieszka Paczyńska explores these questions by
studying the role of organized labor in the transition process in
four countries in different regions--the Czech Republic and Poland
in eastern Europe, Egypt in the Middle East, and Mexico in Latin
America. In Egypt and Poland, she shows, labor had substantial
influence on the process, whereas in the Czech Republic and Mexico
it did not. Her explanation highlights the complex relationship
between institutional structures and the "critical junctures"
provided by economic crises, revealing that the ability of groups
like organized labor to wield influence on reform efforts depends
to a great extent on not only their current resources (such as
financial autonomy and legal prerogatives) but also the historical
legacies of their past ties to the state.
This new edition features an epilogue that analyzes the role of
organized labor uprisings in 2011, the protests in Egypt, the
overthrow of Mubarak, and the post-Mubarak regime.
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