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Japan's Industrious Revolution - Economic and Social Transformations in the Early Modern Period (Hardcover, 2015 ed.)
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Japan's Industrious Revolution - Economic and Social Transformations in the Early Modern Period (Hardcover, 2015 ed.)
Series: Studies in Economic History
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This book explains in fascinating detail how economic and social
transformations in pre-1600 Japan led to an industrious revolution
in the early modern period and how the fruits of the Industrious
Revolution are what have supported Japan since the eighteenth
century, improving living standards and leading to the formation of
the work ethic of modern Japan. The arrival of the Sengoku Period
in the sixteenth century saw the emergence and domination of
government by the warrior class. It was Tokugawa Ieyasu who unified
the realm. Yet this unity did not give rise to an autocratic state,
as the shogun was recognized merely as a main pillar of the warrior
class. Economically, however, from the fourteenth century, currency
payments for shoen nengu (taxes paid to the proprietor) became
standard, and currency circulation began, primarily in the central
region. Under Tokugawa rule, organized domestic coinage of currency
began, opening the way to establishing a national economic society.
Also, agricultural land was surveyed through cadastral surveys
known as kenchi. Land values were converted in terms of rice, so
the expected rice yields for each village were assessed, and the
lords used this as a benchmark for imposing taxes. In the sixteenth
and seventeenth centuries, Japan experienced a "great transition,"
and conditions for peasants, agriculture, and farming villages
underwent great changes. Inefficient traditional agriculture using
peasants in a state of servitude was transformed into highly
efficient small-sized farming operations which relied on family
labor. As production yields increased due to labor-intensive
agriculture, the profits obtained by the peasants improved their
living standards. The stem-family system became the norm through
which work ethics and even literacy were transmitted. This very
change was the result of the "industrious revolution" in Japan. The
book thus presents the framework of the facts of pre-industrial
Japanese history and depicts pre-modern Japan from a macroscopic
point of view, showing how the industrious revolution came about.
It is certain to be of great interest to economists and historians
alike.
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