The processes involved in the transformation of society from
Mesolithic hunter-gatherers to Neolithic farmers were complex. They
involved changes not only in subsistence but also in how people
thought about themselves and their worlds, from their pasts to
their animals.
Two sets of protagonists have often been lined up in the
long-running debates about these processes: on the one hand
incoming farmers and on the other indigenous hunter-gatherers. Both
have found advocates as the dominant force in the transitions to a
new way of life. North-west Europe presents a very rich data set
for this fundamental change, and recent research has both extended
and deepened our knowledge of regional sequences, from the sixth to
the fourth millennia cal BC. One of the most striking results is
the evident diversity from northern Spain to southern Scandinavia.
No one region is quite like another; hunter-gatherers and early
farmers alike were also varied and the old labels of Mesolithic and
Neolithic are increasingly inadequate to capture the diversity of
human agency and belief.
Surveys of the most recent evidence presented here also strongly
suggest a diversity of transformations. Some cases of colonisation
on the one hand, and indigenous adoption on the other, can still be
argued but many situations now seem to involve complex fusions and
mixtures. This wide-ranging set of papers by leading specialists
offers a comprehensive and authoritative overview of this
fundamental transition.
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