The more than one thousand letters and several dozen writings
included in this volume cover the years immediately before the
final formulation of new quantum mechanics. The discovery of the
Compton effect in 1923 vindicates Einstein's light quantum
hypothesis. Niels Bohr still criticizes Einstein's conception of
light quanta and advances an alternative theory, but Walther Bothe
and Hans Geiger perform a difficult experiment that decides in
favor of Einstein's theory. At the same time, Satyendranath Bose
sends a new quantum theoretical derivation of Planck's law to
Einstein and he discovers what is now known as Bose-Einstein
condensation. Einstein attempts to reformulate a unified theory of
the gravitational and electromagnetic fields.
In early November 1923, Einstein flees overnight to the
Netherlands in the wake of threats on his life and anti-Semitic
rioting in Berlin. He rejoins the International Committee on
Intellectual Cooperation in June 1924, and supports the idea of a
European union. He joins the board of governors of Hebrew
University, which opens in April 1925, and celebrates the event in
Buenos Aires while on a seven-week lecture tour of Argentina,
Uruguay, and Brazil. During this period, he delivers lectures,
meets with heads of state, visits major institutions, and attends
receptions hosted by the local Jewish and German communities. He
has a serious, but short-lived, falling out with his son Hans
Albert and his first wife Mileva Maric-Einstein over how to invest
part of the Nobel Prize money and he rescues his sister Maja and
her husband from debt on their house. Einstein has a fourteen-month
romantic relationship with his secretary, Betty Neumann, which he
ends in October 1924.
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