This book describes the historical development of the Polish and
English lingua legis. The intention is to point out the major
differences between the legal realities, which significantly affect
the process of translation. Secondly, the following characteristic
features of lingua legis, concerning the level of words and
syntagmas, are touched upon: vocabulary used in lingua legis
including technical and semi-technical terms, conservatism of legal
texts (Latin and Latinisms; synonymous strings, archaic adverbs
etc.), borrowings, terms with non-precise meanings (the problem of
indeterminacy), neologisms, euphemisms, vulgarisms, performative
verbs, metaphors and religious elements, prepositional phrases,
time expressions, compound nouns and the problems connected with
nominalization, false cognates which cause major misunderstandings,
and finally methods of providing translation equivalents. The
problem of ambivalence is analysed as well. The problems connected
with the Polish-English and English-Polish translation of the texts
belonging to the following legal genres are examined: university
diplomas and certificates, statutes, judgments, law reports, powers
of attorney, petitions, contracts and deeds, testaments, birth,
death and marriage certificates, and popular fiction.
General
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