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Transparency and Self-Knowledge (Hardcover)
Loot Price: R1,613
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Transparency and Self-Knowledge (Hardcover)
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Alex Byrne sets out and defends a theory of
self-knowledge-knowledge of one's mental states. Inspired by Gareth
Evans' discussion of self-knowledge in his The Varieties of
Reference, the basic idea is that one comes to know that one is in
a mental state M by an inference from a worldly or environmental
premise to the conclusion that one is in M. (Typically the worldly
premise will not be about anything mental.) The mind, on this
account, is 'transparent': self-knowledge is achieved by an
'outward glance' at the corresponding tract of the world, not by an
'inward glance' at one's own mind. Belief is the clearest case,
with the inference being from 'p' to 'I believe that p'. One
serious problem with this idea is that the inference seems
terrible, because 'p' is at best very weak evidence that one
believes that p. Another is that the idea seems not to generalize.
For example, what is the worldly premise corresponding to 'I intend
to do this', or 'I feel a pain'? Byrne argues that both problems
can be solved, and explains how the account covers perception,
sensation, desire, intention, emotion, memory, imagination, and
thought. The result is a unified theory of self-knowledge that
explains the epistemic security of beliefs about one's mental
states (privileged access), as well as the fact that one has a
special first-person way of knowing about one's mental states
(peculiar access).
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