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Books > Humanities > Philosophy > Topics in philosophy > Epistemology, theory of knowledge
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Phenomenology and Lacan on Schizophrenia after the Decade of the Brain (Paperback, Direct)
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Phenomenology and Lacan on Schizophrenia after the Decade of the Brain (Paperback, Direct)
Series: Figures of the Unconscious
Expected to ship within 12 - 17 working days
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In Phenomenology and Lacan on Schizophrenia, Alphonse De Waelhens
provides a clear summary of Lacan's theory of schizophrenia, as
Lacan derived it from his commentary of Freud's study of the
Memoirs of Schreber. De Waelhens also shows how Lacan's
understanding of the schizophrenic as having a defective relation
to language can also explain four other characteristics of
schizophrenic behavior: the fragmented body image; lack of
realistic evaluation of the world; so-called bisexuality; and
confusion of birth and death. Third, De Waelhens gives a Hegelian
interpretation of the pre-Oedipal experience of the child. He makes
use of Freud's study on his grand-child using a bobbin and later
the words fort-da (away-here), to demonstrate that a transitional
object allows the child to take distance from its attachment to the
mother so that it can start to separate itself from the mother.
Taking distance is, according to De Waelhens, introducing the
Hegelian negative, which is the birth of the subject. Fourth, De
Waelhens gives a dialectic reading of the history of German and
French psychiatry. He shows the epistemological contradictions in
the work of some of the great nineteenth century psychiatrists
relying too exclusively on a biological model of schizophrenia.In
his contribution to this volume, Wilfried Ver Eecke draws several
lessons from evaluating the literature on schizophrenia. He argues
that epistemologically neither a biological nor a psychological
method of reasoning can capture all the factors that can play a
role in the creation of schizophrenia. He relies heavily, but not
exclusively, on the Finnish studies of Tienari, Myrhman, and
Wahlberg and their colleagues to provide statistical evidence that
non-biological factors also play an important role in causing
schizophrenia. He relies heavily, but again not exclusively, on the
study by Karon and VandenBos to demonstrate statistically the
efficiency of psychodynamically inspired therapy of
schizophrenics.Ver Eecke also addresses an apparent inconsistency
in De Waelhens' presentation of Lacan's theory of schizophrenia.
Where De Waelhens seemed to argue at one time that the mother
figure was the crucial figure to explain schizophrenia (leading to
a defective relation to the body) and at another time that it was
the role of the father which was crucial (leading to a defective
relation to language and the symbolic), there Ver Eecke argues that
the defective function of each influences the function of the
other. He then draws a conclusion for the therapy of
schizophrenics: to be helpful a therapist will have to address both
deficiencies. The problem for treating schizophrenics is that
correcting an unconscious deficiency to the body-a deficiency in
the imaginary-requires a totally different kind of intervention
than an attempt to correct a symbolic deficiency-a deficiency in
the paternal function. A correction of the imaginary requires a
kind of maternal mirroring; a correction of the symbolic requires
making a distinction or a prohibition stick. One further difficulty
arises. Psychotherapy uses language in its treatment. However,
language in schizophrenics is deficient. We can therefore expect
that language will be inefficient. This is so unless the therapist
uses language, first, to make a repair at the imaginary level and
only thereafter makes an attempt to make a correction in the
symbolic. In analyzing successful therapeutic techniques reported
by several therapists Ver Eecke discovers that all of them first
try to repair the imaginary before they attempt to make corrections
to the symbolic.
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