This book provides a complete review of multiple metabolic
disorders and the use of phytochemicals for their prevention and
treatment. When describing each metabolic disorder, all authors
describe the main health alterations, providing the most current
figures and statistics worldwide; medicinal plants used in
traditional medicine for its treatment and scientific information
related to their potential to prevent or treat each condition.
Authors also include a complete scientific background check,
comprehensive analysis of all phytochemicals recommended for each
disorder, a description of the mechanism(s) of action and in vivo
and/or in vitro studies. Within this volume, a series of 7 plant
species, recommended to treat or prevent the previously described
disorders, are presented with their botanical information,
traditional use in different cultures and countries, and the
available scientific information validating their health benefits.
Besides, six main metabolic disorders are described, providing a
full scientific background for its general understanding, and three
study cases are presented, where metabolic disorders are analyzed
and approached from different medical and pharmaceutical angles.
Chapter 1 a Soybean contains a great nutritional value, which makes
it an excellent food for the human diet. It has large amounts of
protein and lipids and also provides fiber, calcium, iron, zinc,
and several vitamins. For these reasons, the possible benefits of
soy consumption for human health have been studied. Although the
results obtained to date have not been conclusive, thanks to its
high content of isoflavones (phytochemicals with estrogenic
activity), soy is attributed with anti-inflammatory, antioxidants
and antifungals properties. Moreover, soybeans could provide
significant benefits to patients with cardiovascular diseases,
cancer, or diabetes. Chapter 2 a Oil, proteins, vitamins, fibers,
and phytochemicals present in the avocado plant have shown the
excellent capability of not only addressing the prevalence of these
metabolic diseases but also being safe and having minimal side
effects. The general objective of this book chapter is to review
the bioactive compounds and their action to promote health benefits
in the prevention and management of metabolic disorders. Chapter 3
a Heliopsis longipes roots, which contain affinin, has been used in
traditional cuisine as a spice for its pungent. Due to its tingling
and numbing properties, it is frequently applied to heal diverse
pains such as toothache, earache, and headache. Within this
chapter, its applications on anti-inflammatory activity, local
anesthetic, analgesic, anti-mutagenic, and antioxidant activity,
will be reviewed. Chapter 4 a The species Opuntia ficus-indica (L.)
Mill., represents a good source of nutrients and antioxidants in
the diet of consumers. This chapter aims to offer a simple and
economical alternative formulation of artisan conserves prepared
with nopal, in which the antioxidant activity was evaluated.
Chapter 5 a Metabolic syndrome is known as a group of metabolic
abnormalities that increase the risk of developing cardiovascular
diseases and type 2 diabetes. The cost of health for companies is
very high for workers who have obesity or metabolic syndrome
compared to healthy workers. Metabolic syndrome is closely related
to obesity, and this, in turn, is associated with a poor diet (high
intake of carbohydrates and fats). This chapter explains the
decrement of risk factors in workers of Young Living Ecuador Farm
based on the Health Belief Model. Chapter 6 a The objective of this
chapter book was to analyze the evidence obtained by clinical
studies reported by scientific literature. Clinical studies have
employed different components or products of grapes, such as pulp,
freeze-dried grape, extracts, wine, and a distinct dose of
resveratrol, to demonstrate their biological properties against
diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. Chapter 7 a The main
purpose of this chapter is to describe the analysis of whether
glycated hemoglobin values could be used as a limit marker for
earlier diagnosis of type 2 DM in overweight patients. This was a
nonexperimental, analytical, retrospective, longitudinal study of
100 overweight patients diagnosed with type 2 DM. The study was
carried out in 2014 at Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital, Guayaquil,
Ecuador. Chapter 8 a Rosemary is classified not only as spice or
ornamental but also as a medicinal plant. It is an important source
of volatile and non-volatile compounds. The proportion of them
varies in function of diverse factors as a region of growth,
environment, extraction treatment, and others. Thanks to its
composition, rosemary owners several properties such as
anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, among others, thus the
importance of this plant over metabolic diseases is presented in
this chapter. Chapter 9 a Agave has been used in traditional
medicine as an anesthetic, anticonvulsant, antipyretic, urinary
antiseptic, cathartic, cicatricial, and regenerative, diuretic,
emmenagogue, and eupeptic. Agave extracts and derived agave
products have been used to prevent several metabolic diseases, such
as diabetes and cancer. However, more studies are needed to support
these effects.
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