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Granville Sharp's Cases on Slavery (Hardcover)
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Granville Sharp's Cases on Slavery (Hardcover)
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The purpose of Granville Sharpe's Cases on Slavery is twofold:
first, to publish previously unpublished legal materials
principally in three important cases in the 18th century on the
issue of slavery in England, and specifically the status of black
people who were slaves in the American colonies or the West Indies
and who were taken to England by their masters. The unpublished
materials are mostly verbatim transcripts made by shorthand writers
commissioned by Granville Sharp, one of the first Englishmen to
take up the cause of the abolition of the slave trade and slavery
itself. Other related unpublished material is also made available
for the first time, including an opinion of an attorney general and
some minor cases from the library of York Minster. On the slave
ship Zong, there are transcripts of the original declaration, the
deposition by the chief mate, James Kelsall and an extract from a
manuscript that Professor Martin Dockray was working on before his
untimely death. The second purpose, outlined in the Introduction,
is to give a social and legal background to the cases and an
analysis of the position in England of black servants/slaves
brought to England and the legal effects of the cases, taking into
account the new information provided by the transcripts. There was
a conflict in legal authorities as to whether black servants
remained slaves, or became free on arrival in England. Lord
Mansfield, the chief justice of the court of King's Bench, was a
central figure in all the cases and clearly struggled to come to
terms with slavery. The material provides a basis for tracing the
evolution of his thought on the subject. On the one hand, the huge
profits from slave production in the West Indies flooded into
England, slave owners had penetrated the leading institutions in
England and the pro-slavery lobby was influential. On the other
hand, English law had over time established rights and liberties
which in the 18th century were seen by many as national
characteristics. That tradition was bolstered by the ideas of the
Enlightenment. By about the 1760s it had become clear that there
was no property in the person, and by the 1770s that such servants
could not be sent abroad without their consent, but whether they
owed an obligation of perpetual service remained unresolved.
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