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One True Cause - Causal Powers, Divine Concurrence, and the Seventeenth-Century Revival of Occasionalism (Hardcover)
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One True Cause - Causal Powers, Divine Concurrence, and the Seventeenth-Century Revival of Occasionalism (Hardcover)
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Occasionalism is the thesis that God alone is the true cause of
everything that happens in the world, and created substances are
merely "occasional causes." This doctrine was originally developed
in medieval Islamic theology, and was widely rejected in the works
of Christian authors in medieval Europe. Yet despite its
heterodoxy, occasionalism was revived in the 1660s by followers of
the philosophy of René Descartes, perhaps the most famous among
them the French philosopher Nicolas Malebranche, who popularized
this doctrine. What led Cartesian thinkers to adopt occasionalism?
Since the 1970s has there been a growing body of literature on
Malebranche and the movement he engendered. There is also a new and
growing body of work on the Cartesian occasionalists before
Malebranche—including Arnold Geulincx, Geraud de Cordemoy, and
Louis de la Forge. But to date there has not been a systematic,
book-length study of the reasoning that led Cartesian thinkers to
adopt occasionalism, and the relationship of their arguments to
Descartes' own views. This book expands on recent scholarship to
provide the first comprehensive account of seventeenth century
occasionalism. Part I contrasts occasionalism with a theory of
divine providence developed by Thomas Aquinas, in response to
medieval occasionalists; it shows that Descartes' philosophy is
compatible with Aquinas' theory, on which God "concurs" in all the
actions of created beings. Part II reconstructs the arguments of
Cartesians—such as Cordemoy and La Forge—who used Cartesian
physics to argue for occasionalism. Finally, the book shows how
Malebranche's case for occasionalism combines philosophical
theology with Cartesian metaphysics and mechanistic science.
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