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Everything in Everything - Anaxagoras's Metaphysics (Hardcover)
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Everything in Everything - Anaxagoras's Metaphysics (Hardcover)
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Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (Vth century BCE) is best known in the
history of philosophy for his stance that there is a share of
everything in everything. He puts forward this theory of extreme
mixture as a solution to the problem of change that he and his
contemporaries inherited from Parmenides - that what is cannot come
from what is not (and vice versa). Yet, for ancient and modern
scholars alike, the metaphysical significance of Anaxagoras's
position has proven challenging to understand. In Everything in
Everything, Anna Marmodoro offers a fresh interpretation of
Anaxagoras's theory of mixture, arguing for its soundness and also
relevance to contemporary debates in metaphysics. For Anaxagoras
the fundamental elements of reality are the opposites (hot, cold,
wet, dry, etc.), which Marmodoro argues are instances of physical
causal powers. The unchanging opposites compose mereologically,
forming (phenomenologically) emergent wholes. Everything in the
universe (except nous) derives from the opposites. Marmodoro shows
that this is made possible in Anaxagoras system by the
omni-presence and hence com-presence of the opposites in the
universe, which is in turn facilitated by the fact that for
Anaxagoras the opposites exist as unlimitedly divided. She argues
that Anaxagoras is the first ante litteram 'gunk lover' in the
history of metaphysics. He also has a unique conception of
(non-material) gunk and a unique power ontology, which Marmodoro
refers to as 'power gunk'. Marmodoro investigates the nature of
power gunk and the explanatory utility of the concept for
Anaxagoras, for his theory of extreme mixture; and finally
contrasts it with the only other metaphysical system in antiquity
positing (material) gunk, that of the Stoics.
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