There is a long tradition of opposition to war and organized peace
campaigns date from 1815. Since 1945, however, modern weapons
technology has threatened world wide destruction and has stimulated
widespread protests. This book sketches in the background of
thinking about peace and resistance to war before 1945, and then
examines how public opposition to nuclear weapons and testing grew
in the 1950s and early 1960s. Later chapters cover the major
ressurgence of nuclear disarmament campaigns in the 1980s. The book
also looks at how peace protest has spread from its origins in
North America and North West Europe to embrace many parts of the
world; opposition to nuclear testing has indeed been particularly
strong in Japan, Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific islands.
The period 1945 to 1990 was dominated by the Cold War between the
USA and USSR, and the role of the Soviet-sponsored World Peace
Council caused difficulties for indeptendent peace groups in the
West. During the 1980s the emergence of autonomous peace activity
in a number of East European countries, and even on a very small
scale in the USSR itself, transformed the possibilities for
East-West co-operation between citizens to urge disarmament and
political change. A chapter examines these developments. Opposition
to all forms of militarism has spread in the last 30 years. This
book charts the struggles to extend the right to conscientious
objection to military service, and draft resistance to particular
wars - for example in Southern Africa and Israel. It also looks in
some detail at the growing opposition to the war in the Vietnam.
The recent protests against the Gulf War are surveyed briefly in an
epilogue.
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