The Missouri State Penitentiary was established in 1833 via a bill
passed by the state legislature, and the first prisoner was
incarcerated in 1835. Inmates constructed the main prison building
from rock quarried at the site in 1836. The penitentiary closed on
September 15, 2004, and plans are in place to redevelop the site
into offices for state agencies and private enterprises. The
Missouri State Penitentiary was once considered one of the largest
maximum-security penal institutions in the United States. After 550
serious assaults occurred inside the prison in the early 1960s,
Time magazine called it "the bloodiest 47 acres in America"
(although the walls of the penitentiary only contained 37 acres).
The penitentiary had the distinction of housing some very famous
individuals: boxing champion Sonny Liston learned to box there
under the direction of the prison
chaplain, infamous gangster Charles Arthur "Pretty Boy" Floyd spent
time there, and James Earl Ray was an escapee when he shot and
killed Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
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