The primary role of medicinal chemist has become one of improving
upon existing drugs by increasing their potency and duration of
action and by decreasing toxic side effects as well as creating new
drugs by molecular modifications. Very useful synthetic analogue
with improved therapeutic properties can be obtained from a single
lead compound by structural modification. The same applies to the
group of natural lactone of plant origin, one of the diverse and
important system of natural products with a broad spectrum
biological activities. Physiological activity of natural lactone is
known ever since santonine was used as anthelmintic and ascarisidal
agent. The biological importance of unsaturated lactone is well
known. The butenolide system is present in many cardiac glycosides
shows strong cardiotonic activity. In particular, the -alkylidene
butenolide skeleton is a useful entity that is present natural
products such as fibrolides, dihydroxerulin and protoanemonin.
Protoanemonin and its analogues possess antiviral, antibiotic and
anticancer activities."
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